Szczerba Lev Vladimirovich - Doctor nke Philology, Russian na Soviet asụsụ. Biography L. V. Scherby

Scherba Lev Vladimirovich - pụtara ìhè Russian ama, na onye na-ewere na nchoputa nke St. Petersburg Phonological akwụkwọ. Aha ya maara na ọ bụla ọkà mmụta. Nke a ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ mmasị na ọ bụghị nanị na Russian edemede asụsụ, ma ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị ka nke ọma dị ka ha mmekọrịta. Ọrụ ya mee ka ifịk mmepe nke mmụta asụsụ. All nke a - a ihe mere na ya ịmara ndị dị otú ahụ pụtara ìhè ọkà mmụta dị ka Lev Scherba. Ya biography na-dị n'isiokwu a.

Study na elu na ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum

Na 1898 ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Kiev akwụkwọ a nrite ọlaedo, na mgbe ahụ banyere University of Kiev, na ngalaba nke eke sayensị. N'afọ na-esonụ, Lev kwagara St. Petersburg University, akụkọ ihe mere eme-philological ngalaba. Ebe a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ tumadi na akparamaagwa. Mgbe 3 Rd afọ, ọ gara okwu na Okwu Mmalite ka Linguistics Prọfesọ Baudouin de Courtenay. Ọ bịara nwee mmasị na ya obibia na nkà mmụta sayensị mbipụta wee n'okpuru nduzi nke a prọfesọ. Scherba Lev Vladimirovich agadi afọ dere edemede award a nrite ọlaedo. Ọ na-akpọ "onye maara ihe gbasara mmụọ mmewere fonetiikisi." Na 1903, o dechara ọzụzụ na mahadum, na Baudouin de Courtenay Scherba hapụrụ na Department of Sanskrit na comparative ụtọ asụsụ.

Njem mba ọzọ

St. Petersburg University na 1906 zipuru n'èzí Lev Vladimirovich. Ọ nọrọ otu afọ ke edere edere Italy, mụọ onwe Tuscan ire okwu. Mgbe ahụ, na 1907, ọ kwagara Paris Szczerba. Ọ bịara mata na akụrụngwa na laabu nke ibuo fonetiikisi, ọ na-amụ French na English pronunciation nke phonetic usoro na-arụ ọrụ onwe ha nke na ibuo ihe onwunwe.

The ọmụmụ nke olumba Sorbian asụsụ

Na Germany, Lev nọrọ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ememe nke 1907 na 1908. Ọ mụrụ na gburugburu Muskau olumba nke Sorbian asụsụ. Interest na Slavic asụsụ ndị nkịtị na-akpọ ya Baudouin de Courtenay. Ịmụ ihe ọ dị mkpa ịzụlite a ozizi nke Ịgwakọta nke asụsụ. Lev biri na obi nke Muskau, n'ime obodo, n'amaghị na lekwasịrị olumba ma a nkeji okwu. Szczerba mụtara asụsụ mgbe o bi na ya nakweere ezinụlọ, na-ekere òkè ubi-arụ ọrụ na ya, na-ekerịta Sunday ntụrụndụ. Lev e mere ihe anakọtara n'akwụkwọ, emi adade Scherba maka inweta a doctoral ogo. Na Prague, ọ nọrọ ọgwụgwụ nke ya njem ná mba ọzọ, na-amụ Czech asụsụ.

Cabinet ibuo fonetiikisi

Scherba Lev Vladimirovich laghachi St. Petersburg na malitere ịrụ ọrụ kabinet nke ibuo fonetiikisi, nke e hiwere na 1899 na Mahadum, kama ọ bụ ogologo oge na a ala nke na-eleghara anya. Nke a na-amụ - kacha mmasị nwa Scherba. Inwe ego, o nyere iwu na wuru pụrụ iche na ngwá, mgbe niile emelitere n'ọbá akwụkwọ. N'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ 30 na n'okpuru idu ndú ya anyị nọgidere na-eduziri ọmụmụ na phonological usoro fonetiikisi na asụsụ dị iche iche na iche iche nke Soviet Union. N'ihi na oge mbụ na Russia na ya laabu Lev Scherba haziri ọzụzụ pronunciation nke Western European asụsụ. Lev ná mmalite 1920 kere asụsụ Institute ngo metụtara dị iche iche ndị ọkachamara. N'ihi na ọ mgbe doro anya nkwurịta okwu fonetiikisi na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ọzụzụ, dị ka physics, akparamaagwa, physiology, neurology, ọrịa uche na ndị ọzọ.

Nkuzi, n'ihu

Malite site 1910, Lev Scherba lectured na iwebata isiokwu a, mmụta asụsụ (mmụta asụsụ) na a mgbaka, na-arụkwa ọmụmụ ke fonetiikisi na pụrụ iche ọmụmụ e mere maka ndị nkuzi nke ntị chiri-mutes. Na 1929, laabu otu okwu na-agwọ ọrịa na dọkịta-edebe semina maka na ibuo fonetiikisi e haziri.

Scherba Lev Vladimirovich rụrụ ọtụtụ ugboro na Society otolaryngologist akụkọ. Ya nkwurịta okwu na ọkachamara na Nwa nke olu na-ekwu, na theoreticians nke na-abụ abụ na nkà ụwa ndị dịkarịa ala ndụ. Ná mmalite 20-ies Soviet asụsụ Szczerba arụ ọrụ na Institute nke ndị dị ndụ okwu. Na 1930, ọ lectured na Russian asụsụ na fonetiikisi na Russian Ụlọ ihe nkiri Society, nakwa dị ka na-agụ akụkọ dị na Leningrad State Conservatory, na olu ngalaba.

development laabu

Na 1920-1930 afọ nke ya laabu ghọrọ a mbụ na klas research alụmdi. Ọ bụ ọhụrụ na ngwá, ndị mejupụtara nke ndị ọrụ ya nke nta nke nta ụba, mụbaa nso nke ya arụmọrụ. Ọ malitere ịchịkọta na-eme nnyocha si n'akụkụ nile nke mba, tumadi si mba mba.

The oge site 1909 na 1916

Site 1909 na 1916 - a mụọ ọmụmụ nke ukwuu nke ndụ ya Scherba ọkà mmụta sayensị. O dere n'elu 6 afọ 2 akwụkwọ ma nyere ha, na-aghọ ndị mbụ eteufọk ogo, mgbe ahụ, dọkịta. Ke adianade do, Lev ekenịmde nzukọ ọmụmụ na mmụta asụsụ, Old Slavonic na Russian, na ibuo fonetiikisi. Ọ duziri ihe ọmụmụ na comparative ụtọ asụsụ nke Indo-European asụsụ, n'afọ ọ bụla na-ewu ya N'ezie na ihe nke asụsụ ọhụrụ.

Doctor nke Philology Lev Scherba 1914 mere amụrụ iche iche, nke na-amụ bi Russian asụsụ. Active sonyere bụ: SG Barkhudarov, S. A. Eremin, S. M. Bondi, YU. N. Tynyanov.

N'otu oge ahụ, Lev malitere ịrụ ndutịm ọrụ ọtụtụ agụmakwụkwọ njikọ. Szczerba chọrọ ịgbanwe nzukọ nke ozizi, ewu ya ka larịị nke ọhụrụ rụzuru nke sayensị. Lev anọgide otụhọde-eme na emezu iwu na ozizi na-eme, na mgbe na imebi ha ideals. Dị ka ihe atụ, na 1913, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm si St. Petersburg Teachers 'Institute, dị ka ọ na ugbu a bụ n'ihi na onye nkụzi ahụ agaghị a ozi nke ihe ọmụma, na ogbugbu nke n'usoro iwu iwu nke dochie anya ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ma gbochie amu amu ụmụ akwụkwọ.

1920

Na 1920 ya kasị mkpa nweta bụ mmepe nke phonetic usoro nke na-ezi-asụ asụsụ ọzọ, nakwa dị ka ndọtị nke usoro a. Akpan akpan anya na-akwụ ụgwọ Szczerba correctness na-adị ọcha nke pronunciation. Na nke a, ihe niile na-phonetic phenomena nwere na nkà mmụta sayensị asụsụ mkpuchi na webatara ụmụ akwụkwọ consciously. Otu ihe dị mkpa ebe ke izi ihe na-ewe Scherba ntị ndia na mba ọzọ akụkụ. All ọzụzụ, kwesịrị, a ga-dabere na usoro a na-ewere Szczerba. Ọ ga bulie efere na a ụfọdụ usoro. Ọ bụghị site ohere Lev ukwuu-elekwasị anya na olu nke asụsụ. O kweere na a nghọta zuru ezu nke okwu a asụsụ mba ọzọ na-akpachi anya na-ezi mmeputakwa nke ụda ụdị, ala ndebeolu. Nke a echiche - nke general asụsụ echiche Scherba, bụ onye kweere na ọnụ na ụdị asụsụ bụ kasị dị ịrịba ama maka ya dị ka a n'aka nkwurịta okwu.

Lev na 1924 a họpụtara na Soviet Academy nke Sciences dị ka ya mmekorita so. Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na okwu nke ọrụ ahụ. Ya ozi bụ n'akwụkwọ nke a dictionary nke Russian asụsụ, nke ewerewo mgbalị ike ọzọ A. A. Shahmatov. Lev Vladimirovich a N'ihi nke a na ọrụ bụ ya echiche nke onwe na ubi nke lexicography. Na-arụ ọrụ na-ebu a dictionary, o gosipụtara na nkera nke abụọ nke 1920, na-achọ itinye usoro iwu chepụtara na omume.

French asụsụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka

Lev Scherba na 1930 malitere ibu Russian-French dictionary. O kere ozizi esi lexicography, nke a kọwara ná mkpirikpi okwu mmalite nke 2nd mbipụta nke akwụkwọ, nke bụ n'ihi Scherba na-arụ ọrụ ruo afọ iri. Ọ bụghị nanị otu nke kasị mma uru nke French asụsụ nke Soviet Union. The usoro na ụkpụrụ nke akwụkwọ a bụ ihe ndabere maka ọrụ dị otú ahụ Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu.

Otú ọ dị, Lev akwụsịghị. Ke ufọt ufọt 1930s, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ọzọ ntuziaka na French asụsụ - "fonetiikisi nke French asụsụ." Nke a bụ n'ihi nke iri afọ abụọ nke ozizi ya na nnyocha na-arụ ọrụ na-akpọ okwu. The akwụkwọ dabeere na a tụnyere na-Russian pronunciation nke French.

Reorganization nke na-ezi-asụ asụsụ ọzọ

Lev na 1937 gawa mahadum-n'obosara ngalaba nke ndị mba ọzọ na-asụ asụsụ. Szczerba hazigharịrị ozizi ha site na mmejuputa ya ederede ịgụ na ịghọta ụkpụrụ na n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ. Iji mezuo nke a, Szczerba ekenịmde pụrụ iche nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe ndị nkụzi, na-egosi ha ihe na Latin usoro. Broshuọ, nke gosipụtara echiche ya, na-akpọ "Olee otú m ga-amụ asụsụ mba ọzọ." Lev 2 afọ The management nke ngalaba budata kpọlite ndị larịị nke ihe-onwunwe ụmụ akwụkwọ.

Scherba nwekwara nwere mmasi Russian edemede asụsụ. Lev abuana ke n'ọtụtụ ebe eketịbe mgbe mgbalị iji dozie na imaatu na mkpoputa na asụsụ nke Russian asụsụ. Ọ ghọrọ onye òtù nke osisi, bụ ndị na-edekwa akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Barkhudarova.

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Lev na October 1941 e kpọpụrụ na Kirov mpaghara, na Molotovsk. Ọ kwagara Moscow n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1943, nke laghachi kwesịrị ndụ site na ịga na isi mbụ n'ime ozizi, nnyocha na management-eme. Ebe ọ bụ na August 1944 Szczerba bụ oké ọrịa, na December 26, 1944 Szczerba nwụrụ Lev.

Onyinye Russian asụsụ nwoke a buru ibu, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa ruo ugbu a. Ha na-ewere ochie. Russian mmụta asụsụ, phonology, lexicography, psycholinguistics ka na dabeere na ọrụ ya.