The agha isi "Kamran", Vietnam

N'oge na Vietnam War, na isi "Kamran" emi odude ke n'ebe ndịda nke mba na-eje ozi dị ka a isi n'azụ maka US naval agha. American injinia wuru a adaba ọdụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka nkenye ọnọdụ nke warships. The airfield bụ ebe obibi nke 12th kenkwucha Agha nku na 483rd US Air Force kenkwucha iga nku. N'adịghị ka ụfọdụ ndị agha ọkachamara, na B-52 atụ bọmbụ na-agaghị biri.

N'afọ 1972, US gafere isi "Kamran" na ojiji nke Vietnamese agha. Nke atọ April 1975 obodo ahụ ji site North Vietnamese agha. Nke a mere n'oge opupu na-akpasu iwe.

History nke Russian agha isi na "cam Ranh"

Ebe ọ bụ na ufọt ufọt 60s nke narị afọ gara aga, ndị Soviet Navy malitere inyocha oké osimiri, na arụ ọrụ agha n'ebe ahụ. Ụgbọ mmiri na submarines, ugbo elu Soviet Air Force nọrọ na ịdị obosara nke oké osimiri iji nọgide nche na mpaghara.

Amụba nọmba ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ na oké osimiri, na ojiji e ji ihe ụgbọelu agha eji mkpa logistic support. Enweghị bases ná mba ọzọ, ndị Main Staff nke Navy ulo oru ime ihe na nke ọhụrụ ihe n'ihi na n'ụlọ Soviet ụgbọ mmiri na ugbo elu nke dị n'ókèala friendly Soviet Union na mba e kwuru.

Gịnị mere ka mmasị na "cam Ranh?"

Base "Kamran", nke mbụ na-eji na US agha, aghọwo mara mma maka njikere agha nke Soviet Union, ya emeri na ebe na mma maka ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri na ugbo elu.

The adaba obodo ọnọdụ nke ebe mere ka o kwe ịchịkwa Malay na Singapore Straits, na-eme na-arụ ọrụ na ubi nke radio nyoputa onyeiro, direction Inweta nke Peasia Gulf na ugwu Indian Ocean, South China Sea, Philippine Sea na East China Sea.

Ọ na-etinye na mba ASEAN Bloc, nke bụ pụta ụwa na accelerated ijeụkwụ nkà na ụzụ. Ha nwere nnukwu mee mmanụ offshore, na nnukwu mpịakọta nke ị nweta nke otutu ngwaahịa na ngwaọrụ maka ngwá agha.

Olee na-egosipụta a agha owuwu "Kamran" foto? Base Binba n'ọnụ mmiri na nke ọ na-na, n'eziokwu, bụ ndokwa n'ime dịịrị banye na mmiri. The omimi na size nke n'ọnụ mmiri eme ka o kwe idabere na dị iche iche ọmụmụ nke ụgbọ mmiri.

Ke adianade do, cam Ranh dịịrị banye na mmiri nwere nnukwu uru nke eke agwa, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na a pụrụ isi chọta nke isi. E nwere, e nwere nnukwu ego nke ọhụrụ mmiri, nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka ojiji.

Ke adianade do, ndị fọdụrụ quays, okporo ụzọ, na ụlọ wuru America, ọ bụ adaba iji.

The bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke mgbazinye nkwekọrịta

Ke mbubreyo 1978, Vietnam, letara ya mbon nke nnọchiteanya ahụ si Soviet Union. Ọ bụ onye kasị elu iwu nke Navy si Pacific nsoro management. The iri nke December kwetara na isi ihe nke nkwekọrịta, na mgbe ahụ na aka a protocol, nke ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka mkparita uka na e kere eke nke E & P na ya nkekọrịta na Vietnam.

The abụọ na May 1979 e banyere a bilateral nkwekọrịta aka site na ndị ndú nke Soviet Union na Vietnam. The nkwekọrịta na-atụ anya ugwo-free ndabere nke 25 afọ.

Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị naval mmiri nwere ike dabeere?

Dị na nkwekọrịta, na Vietnamese agha isi "Kamran" nwere ikike ịnọ: Iri Soviet mmiri ụgbọ freeboard, asatọ submarines na-ese n'elu mmiri na isi, na isii naval arịa ọzọ na nzube.

Na ọdụ ya e kwere ka guzo iri na isi ugbo elu, agha na-ebu, itoolu nyoputa onyeiro ụgbọelu na atọ ikuku iga arịa.

Dabere na agha-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọnọdụ na-na ndabere nke ihe nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị Ministry of Defense nke USSR na Vietnam INR, ọ na-ekwe ka ịmụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụgbọ mmiri na ugbo elu.

Malite nke mmepe nke ókèala

Naval isi "Kamran 'photos na-ọkọnọ n'okpuru, malitere inyocha na May 1979. The mbụ gara Soviet warships. N'otu afọ na okpomọkụ na Vietnamese port ịdabere nuclear okpuru mmiri K-45. N'oge na-adịghị na isi, "Kamran" aerodrome biri ụgbọ elu nke Pacific Fleet.

N'oge oyi nke 1979 dị ka ihe dị mkpa isiokwu dị ka cam Ranh isi, rutere-Chief Fleet nke Soviet Union Admiral Gorshkov. Maruuru agha owuwu bụ isiokwu nke a ụbọchị.

The akụkụ mbụ nke Pacific Fleet agha rutere isi ke April 1980 afọ. Ọ gụnyere 54 ndị mmadụ. Mgbe ìgwè ahụ abawanye na signalmen nke 24 ndị mmadụ. Personnel na-chọpụtara na ochie Vietnamese ụlọ na-ikwū.

Site 1983 na 1991, cam Ranh rapolagaût 17 skwodron arụmọrụ ojiji, na site na August 1991 na December 1991 - 8 OPESK.

Gịnị bụ ebumnobi chua site naval agha nke Soviet Union?

On a usoro ihe, dị ka a Russian isi ke cam Ranh Bay, iwu nke Navy na Soviet ọchịchị enịm a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke aga-eme.

ndị na-esonụ na ebumnobi na-mata:

• enye ọkụ eletrik niile arịa kwụsịrị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke "Kamran", nakwa dị ka-enye ụgbọelu na ihe oriri na mmiri;
• ịnọgide na-enwe otu larịị nke MTS ngwaahịa, nke na-anapụta na-agafe ụgbọ mmiri na onyeisi ụgbọ oru nkwado;
• ebu backhaul mmiri Pacific mpaghara na Indian Ocean;
• eji "Kamran" isi ọdụ maka nkesa nke-emegide ugbo elu na nyoputa onyeiro ugbo elu;
• ịnọgide na-enwe ha onwe ha akụrụngwa;
• ịzụlite na ịnọgide na-enwe Russian-Vietnamese enyi na imekọ ihe ọnụ.

Ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-facilitated site n'iji isi?

The eji nke a usoro akpan owo, dị ka a isi, "Kamran" maka Soviet Navy mere ọ dịrị ya mfe na-agwa okwu okwu ndị huu mkpa mee nke ụgbọ mmiri na ugbo elu, onye ọrụ bụ ihe ngwọta nke nsogbu ná mgbanwe nke degrees nke mgbagwoju.

"Kamran" bụ nanị agha isi nke Soviet Russia, nke dị na a anya nke 2,500 kilomita site n'ebe ndị Soviet n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

"Kamran" dị ka ihe ibé nke udo

Base "Kamran" bụ ndị kasị ibu agha isi na ndị USSR ná mba ọzọ. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ mere ka a counterweight ka American naval isi 'Subic Bay' na Philippines. Nke a mere ka o kwe ka udo dịgide na nkwụsi ike na Southeast Asia.

Soviet Air Force bases

Dị ka data maka afọ 1986, na ọdụ isi "Kamran" nwere a iche iche mbuaha ụgbọelu ndi agha OSAP, gụnyere nke pụtara karịa anọ Tu-95, ụgbọelu anọ Tu-142 arịa, ka orú ugbo elu Tu-16, banyere iri na ise oge nkeji -25, abụọ iga ugbo elu AN-24 na atọ Mi-8 helikopta. Ke adianade elu nke ndi agha e kenyere ya na isi mgbochi okpuru mmiri na agha ngwá agha.

Construction nke agha na residential Njirimara na Vietnam

Gịnị nkwekọrịta e banyere banyere ndị dị otú ahụ a putara ighe mkpa ihe dị ka isi "Kamran" (Vietnam)? 1984 akara a ọhụrụ agreement. The nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị Soviet Union na Vietnam aka on 20 April, na-agụnye ndị na-ewu agha na ndị ọzọ na akụrụngwa na-efu nke ihe onwunwe aka Vietnam si Soviet Union.

Na oge site na 1985 ka 1987, ewu nzukọ nke Soviet Union "Zagrantehstroy", nke rukvodil Njedebe Bobrenev, wuru 28 dị iche iche ihe. A wuru na ebe obibi.

The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị agha n'oge ahụ banyere 6,000 ndị mmadụ, ewepu ndị mmadụ n'ọrụ na-ewu. Agreement 20 April 1984 nyere maka nyefe nke Vietnamese n'akụkụ ke uncompensated were.

The mbụ ogbe nke ihe e wuru December 1987, mgbe nke ha nyere site Soviet ọkachamara na ndabere nke a gratuitous mgbazinye.

Mbenata ọnụnọ nke Soviet agha na ndabere nke "Kamran"

The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị agha Soviet na isi malitere iju site na njedebe nke afọ 1980. Dị ka e kwuru n'isiokwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ "Pravda" dere January 19, 1990, Mbelata nke ọnụnọ nke Soviet agha ke Kamrani ẹkenịmde ke kpuchie nke jikoro iji belata size nke njikere agha nke USSR na East Asia na-arụ nke a kpere nzere postcho nke Pacific.

Ná ngwụsị nke 1989, e, a kpọgara mig-23 na Tu-16. Site na mmalite nke 1990, e nwere nanị otu detachment dabeere agbanwe mejupụtara esịnede iri ugbo elu.

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke 1992 na 1993 na "Kamrani" e odude 119 Brigade, nke na-agụnye ya otu iche iche ụgbọ mmiri na ugbo elu. Ebe ọ bụ na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1993, otu egwuregwu nwekwara e kagburu. The fọdụrụ akụkụ nke batara edonụ 922 E & P.

Ná mmalite 90s ọtụtụ mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ụlọ ọrụ e zigara na Vietnamese n'akụkụ onwunwe ebighi-ebi.

Naval isi "Kamran" kere ruo 2002.

Nke gụnyere akụrụngwa?

Gịnị akụrụngwa na-ekesịpde site na Soviet na Russian agha ọkachamara?

Na 90-ies na ikpochapụ ndị E & P na cam Ranh (April 2002), Soviet, wee Russian ọkachamara ji a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe. Naval isi "Kamran" (Vietnam) nwere:

• a agha agha, nke na-agụnye isi ụlọ ọrụ na ogige ndị agha maka pesonel;
• ụlọ iri maka 250 ndị mmadụ;
• na-eme bred;
• bath na-asa ákwà osisi;
• club ụlọ;
• ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị;
• iri na asatọ ụlọ residential nzube;
• materiel nkwakọba;
• nsoro na pụrụ iche oru ngwá.

pie mpaghara mejupụtara:

• Tank ugbo maka nchekwa nke lubricants na fuels.
• Abụọ friji nke 279 tọn maka nchekwa nke nri na ngwaahịa.
• Iri na abụọ nchekwa maka metal materiel.
• Abụọ oriri ngwaọrụ esịnede isii olulu-ezitekwara mmiri ka agha. Otu n'ime ha na-ejikwara naanị maka ọkọnọ nke ụgbọ mmiri na ugbo elu.
• Central dizel ike osisi, nke ike bụ 24,000 kW. Ọ e mere na-enye ọkụ eletrik niile agha ụlọ, na ya ekweghị na SPV "Kamrani."

Ebe ọ bụ na 1995, ndị agha isi na Vietnam "Kamran" foto na na-dị n'isiokwu a na-gụnyere ya otu ndị na-esonụ nkewa:

• E & P management;
• ego na ọrụ;
• nkwurịta okwu unit;
• ụgbọelu commandant;
• uwe ọrụ;
• nchekwa maka na ịchekwa mmanụ ụgbọala;
• nri ọrụ;
• na-asa ákwà;
• ọchịagha;
• Department of Marine Engineering Services;
• onwe nche ụlọ ọrụ;
• Sanitary ogige;
• mgbanyụ ọkụ;
• ubi itieutom;
• Naval Hospital;
• akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.

Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ bi na agha?

Site na 1995 ruo 2002 na agha biri banyere 600-700 ndị mmadụ. Nke ahụ bụ kacha nta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọkachamara, na ebumnuche nke na-arụ ọrụ nke bụ iji hụ na nkịtị ndụ nke agha. Ha rụrụ isi E & P usoro ebumnobi.

Mberede ọjọọ na ndabere nke "Kamran"

"Kamran" (naval isi) ghọrọ saịtị nke ọdachi na 1995. December iri na abụọ mgbe ọdịda na ọdụ isi jiri atọ Su-27 fighter bụ ndị skwodron "Russian Knights". Ha laghachiri n'ụlọ na ikuku show, nke e nwere na Malaysia.

Mmekọahụ n'etiti Russia na Vietnam karịrị afọ nke isi

All omume nke ndị dị otú ahụ ihe dị mkpa ihe dị ka a agha isi na cam Ranh Bay, weere ọnọdụ na ihe ikuku nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na Vietnamese ọkachamara. Anyị agha na-arụ ọrụ aka na aka na ndị IDB-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri bụ ndị ọrụ dị nso, na dịịrị banye na mmiri.

Ke adianade collaborative edozi nsogbu usoro agha na nzube, ọ na-kwuru na mmekọrịta na nọ nke na omenala na egwuregwu. Na mmeri nke Vietnam n'egosi mba ememe. All a so mee ka ndị e kere eke nke a enyi na enyi ikuku.

Na ihe ugbu a?

Na February 2014 na Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu e kwuru na Russia na-ezube mụbaa ya agha n'iru na ụwa. Na nke a, e nwere ndị nọ n'ọrụ mkparita uka na nkenye ọnọdụ nke ndị agha ụlọ ọrụ dị na Vietnam.

Shoigu kwuru na nke a agha isi ga gbanye mmanu Russian agha ugbo elu, mere maka ogologo osisi flights.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2014 na ọdụ isi "Kamran" malitere ga-eji na ịrụzi Russian Il-78, nke nyere mmanụ ụgbọala na-elu refueling agha agha na-ebu Tu-95 MS.

Ma iji nye Russia full Vietnam "Kamran"? The agha isi bụ na-emeghe n'ihi na ntinye nke Russian warships. A nke e-atụle n'oge nleta nke Secretary General nke Communist Party. Ọ na-e kwetara na Vietnam ukara nkwekọrịta ga-aka na n'ọdịnihu dị nso.

Dị ka Russian Ministry of Defense, anyị ụgbọ mmiri na arịa na-eje ozi na Pacific Ocean kwesịrị naanị agwa ndị Vietnamese ọchịchị nke ha banye a agha n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke cam Ranh. Ọ bụ isi ihe omume, dị ka Vietnam aghọwo nke abụọ obodo mgbe Syria, nke kwere ka ẹkedori agha mmiri nke Russian Navy n'ókèala ha. Ọtụtụ agha ọkachamara kwuru na ọrụ dị mkpa na-egwu na eziokwu na Vietnam dịwo-atụle ga-Russia bụ nwunye na agha-oru okirikiri.

Na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ contracts e banyere na a ngụkọta uru nke $ 4.5 ijeri. Na 2014, Russia exported na Vietnam isii dizel submarines klas 06.361 "Warszawianka", onwem na atu atu mgbagwoju Club-S. mobile ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mgbagwoju "Bastion" a kpọlitere, nakwa dị ka GIS "Horizon" usoro maka PBRK. Vietnam ka iwu agha ụgbọ mmiri pịnye "Lightning", frigates patrol ebe 11661 "Gepard-39", nakwa dị ka fighter ụgbọ elu Su-30 MK2.

Na uche echi?

Ọ ka ga-eze nyere Russian isi "Kamran"? Vietnam na a na akaụntụ nwere ambiguous ọnọdụ. Dị nnọọ a ọnwa ole na ole gara aga, na steeti a na nloghachi nke Russian agha ka isi, ọ bụrụhaala na mmekorita ga-abụ a agha iyi egwu na-atọ mba.

mba abụọ 'mmekọahụ kwesịrị nanị udo. N'ọnọdụ a nọ na kwupụtara 17 May, nnochite anya nke Vietnam na mba anyị, Nguyen Than Shon. O kwuru na Vietnamese iwu dabeere na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ dịghị ná njikọ agha ọ bụla ala, dị ka megide ọzọ.

The diplomaati kwuru na, na a na-ekwu, ndokwa nke mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Kamrani bụ a mkpa. The nzube nke imekọ ihe ọnụ dị n'etiti mba abụọ ga-ndokwa nke mmiri ọrụ maka di ike nke arịa na mmepe nke na ngwá agha maka ichebe udo na nkwụsi ike na Pacific mpaghara.

Nguyen Thanh Sean e kwuru na Hanoi ezube-anọgide na imekọ ihe ọnụ na Russia na nọ nke na-azara ọnụ. Ọzọkwa e kwuru na Vietnam mgbe aghọta Russia ka a enyi na enyi ibe.

The Defense Ministry kọrọ na Russian agha bases na-guzo ke Cuba na Vietnam. The kpọmkwem okwu nke a pụrụ isi chọta na e kpọmkwem. E kwuru na negotiated nke a.

Dmitry Peskov kọwara ekwe omume nke n'ime na mba ndị a, mba ọdịmma nke mba anyị. Peskov nwekwara kwuru na ọnọdụ na mba arena aghọwo nnọọ tensi na afọ abụọ gara aga, na ịrịba mmegharị e mere ka ndị nche iwu nke Russia.

Ma mgbe ahụ na-atụghị anya ya mere. A ụbọchị ole na ole gara aga, e nwere ihe ọmụma banyere ihe na-apụghị ime nke na-achọta Russia na ndị dị otú ahụ a owuwu dị ka isi "Kamran". Vietnam mere a iwu mara ọkwa. A mara ọkwa na a pịa okwu nkowa na Hanoi, Foreign Minister nke Vietnam Le Hai Binh. Dị ka ya, Vietnam jụ ikweta na ya n'ókèala ndị agha bases nke mba ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Russia.