The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks. Okwu Mmalite nke onyeisi ndị bishọp na Russia

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama ihe ndị mere nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks bụ iwebata onyeisi ndị bishọp na Russia. Ọganihu na mmetụta nke Russian ụka n'ime Christian ụwa kasị doro anya na akara site na njedebe nke XVI narị afọ. Ala kere Ferrara-Florence n'otu, nke kwubiri na XV narị afọ Byzantine ụka na Vatican, mgbe nke ahụ Russian mepere ghọrọ onwe-ahọpụta ya mbụ hierarch. Ọzọkwa, ke 1453, bishọp nke Constantinople na-zuru ezu na nduzi na Turkish sultans. Na nke a ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka ọ ghara ịhụ oké Chineke nduzi: Russia ghọrọ naanị onwe ha Orthodox ala.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iwebata onyeisi ndị bishọp na Russia

The echiche nke ntoputa nke Moscow Patriarchate na-nnọọ jikọrọ ya na ihe oruru nke autocephaly nke Russian Church. Mgbe Moscow archdiocese natara otu nọọrọ onwe ha na ọnọdụ site na ndi-Grik, dum Orthodox ụwa ghọtara ahụkebe uru nke ROC dị ka ike kacha ike ma dị ọtụtụ.

Ọ mere na ọ bụghị nanị na-enweta a na-agba akaebe nke ụkpụrụ ime mmụọ na nke Russia, kamakwa ike okwukwe n'ọdịnihu ọnwụnwa siri ike nke nsogbu. Russian ụka ga-ike otu mmụọ dị ike na ndị mmadụ ike, nke ga-abịa n'ime agha megide mba ọzọ mwakpo na Catholic-awakpo.

Onye ọ bụla ghọtara na a obere oge a ga-akpọ onyeisi ndị bishọp na Moscow. A na njikọ e nwere esemokwu na Patriarchate nke Constantinople, bụ nke iwe site Russia n'ihi na mgbanwe na autocephalous ọnọdụ na-achọghị ka na-ekweta na ya.

Otú ọ dị, na-enweghị nkwenye nke ndị nna ochie nke Eastern Metropolitan onwe kwusara Russian nna ochie ga-a okwu nke na-adịghị anakwere na ihe megidere iwu. Na isi obodo, eze ya mfe yie ndị ziri ezi ike, ma na nguzobe nke onyeisi ndị bishọp, enweghị a mma mkpebi primatial ngalaba bụ emeghieme.

Historical ọnọdụ naanị ọbụna ike mmetụta na ochichi nke onyeisi ndị bishọp na Russia n'oge ọchịchị Fedor Ivanovich (nwa Ioanna Groznogo). Fedor buru eze (niile kasị nke oge ndị o ji ekpere, ya Christian si zụlite achọghị-abịa okwu na aka ike eme nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ, dị ka a N'ihi ya, aha-ya senti), na Boris Godunov (nwanne nwunye eze Fedor Irina Godunov) na-achị.

Boris Godunov

Nnọọ oké ọchịchọ bụ Boris Godunov. N'otu oge ọ bụ a oké statesman, bụ onye kere ihe omume idozigharị Russian ala, bụ nke ga-eme ka ya ike na ùgwù. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ume Godunov nwere a ike ntọala ime mmụọ, mgbe ya iwu e gburu site n'aka adịghị anakwere omume (na ihe nile ọ na ebubo na igbu ọchụ nke Tsarevich Dmitry, ọ bụ ezie na e nweghị kpọmkwem ihe àmà). Ọzọkwa, ndị Russia ukwuu dara ogbenye na ime mmụọ na mmetụta ime omume ọma mgbe oprichnina, ya mere di anya n'ebe niile grandiose atụmatụ nke ya-achị achị.

Otú o sina Godunov chọrọ ịhụ Russia dị ka a oké ike ma nwee ike iji mee ka okwu nke ihu ọma nke onyeisi ndị bishọp ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ.

mbido

Akụkụ nke mbụ nke ọzụzụ malitere na a nleta Moscow na 1586, onyeisi ndị bishọp nke Antioch nke Jehoyakim. Nke a ifịk ifịk elekọta "Godunov" na-ekwuchitere mba. Ma, tupu ọ gara n'èzí nke Western Russia na hụrụ onslaught nke Catholic Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, nke fọrọ nke nta n'iyi ndụ nke Church nke Kyiv obodo ukwu (na Iv nke Union of Brest). The regal Moscow, ọ hụrụ ezi ịdị ukwuu na ebube nke atọ Rome. Onyeisi Joachim zutere oké nsọpụrụ na nkwanye ùgwù, ọ na-bịara maka ebere, dị ka ya ngalaba nwere a ụgwọ nke puku mmadụ asatọ na gold. Godunov wee uru nke oge a na malitere iji mejuputa ya plan - iwebata onyeisi ndị bishọp na Russia.

Moscow Metropolitan Daịọnisiọs

N'elu mbata nke Jehoyakim enyeghị onwe ha mara Moscow Metropolitan Daịọnisiọs. Dịcha, ọ nọ na cahoots na Godunov na-egwuri dịruru ná njọ. Onyeisi zigara mwere Cathedral nke Moscow Kremlin. E n'ihu ya niile ya n'ịma mma ya na dara oké ọnụ uwe mwụda pụtara na ofufe Metropolitan Daịọnisiọs, bụ onye mbụ ngọzi nke onyeisi ndị bishọp nke Antioch, ma ọ na mberede were iwe. Ebere-achọ a gosiri onye ata Primate nke oké Church.

Ebe a na-abịa n'ime play Godunov, nke na-amalite na-akpa àgwà na nzuzo mkparita uka na Joachim, isiokwu bụ isi nke nke - iwebata onyeisi ndị bishọp na Russia. Ụbọchị nke a oké ihe omume ama nnọọ nso. Joachim dịghị njikere mkparịta ụka a, ma kwere nkwa ịkpọ na Eastern nna ochie. Moscow na a ogbo kemgbe afọ ojuju.

agha

The ikpeazụ okwu bụ maka Constantinople (Istanbul). E mepụtara ihe ndị mere tupu. Otu mgbe ọzọ overthrows ndị nna ochie, ụlọ arụsị na-ransacked site Turks, niile ego embezzled. Ego na akwụkwọ ozi nke Moscow Ọkaakaa ebe efu.

Onyeisi Konstantinopolskiy Ieremiya malite iweghachi ọhụrụ nna ochie, ma ego maka ya ka o mere. Na o kpebiri ime ihe dị ka Joachim na lara Moscow na ọ gbatịrị agbatị aka. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-amaghị banyere mbụ okwu banyere ihe e kere eke nke Moscow bishọp. Na ihe niile malitere ugboro ugboro: otu dịruru ná njọ na-egwuri, nakwa dị ka na nke bu ya ụzọ. Jeremiah fọrọ a afọ mkpọrọ n'ụlọ na a dara oké ọnụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na nkume ọcha.

nna ochie bụ Job

Ke ofụri ofụri, a nzute bụ fateful maka Russian chọọchị. Ọnọdụ nke ndị Patriarchate nke Constantinople na-egwuri a mma ka iwebata nke Patriarchate na Russia.

Na Moscow, n'oge a, dị ka nke ọma dị ka na Istanbul, e nwere mgbanwe ụfọdụ. Godunov wepụ Metropolitan Daịọnisiọs na 1587 na njikọ na boyar izu ọjọọ, nnupụisi choro a ịgba alụkwaghịm Tsar Fedor ya na nwunye ya Irinoy Godunovoy n'ihi infertility.

Daịọnisiọs wee ebe Rostov Akwa Bishop Job, na ọgwụgwụ January 23 (February 2), 1589, ọ ga-aghọ ndị mbụ onyeisi ndị bishọp nke All Russia. Ọbụna na oge anyị, na 1989, aha ya ga-senti.

Na 1721 Peter m kagburu bishọp: ọ ga-weghachiri eweghachi na na 1917 na Obodo Council na nna ochie hoputara of St. Tikhon. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-esi ike maka Russian Church Bolshevik oge. Mgbe ọnwụ nke Tikhon ozugbo katidral e rụrụ. Naanị na 1943 ọ ghọrọ kwere omume, na Primate nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia ghọrọ Sergius (Starogorodskiy). Onyeisi Kirill ghọrọ nke 16 nna ochie na esepu Russia.

N'ihi ya, ukara iwebata onyeisi ndị bishọp na Russia (n'afọ 1589) ẹkenịmde ke narị afọ nke 16.