The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian nsoro. Petra Velikogo Fleet

Russia - continental na ala, ma ogologo nke ókè-ala, na-agafe mmiri n'elu bụ 2/3 nke ha ngụkọta ogologo. Ancient Russian ike ije ije na oké osimiri na ihe na-enwe ike na-alụ ọgụ na oké osimiri, ma ezi naval ọdịnala mba anyị, e nwere ihe 300 afọ.

Ka na-arụ ụka banyere otu ihe omume ma ọ bụ ụbọchị, site na nke na-esite na-akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian nsoro. Otu ihe doro anya na onye ọ bụla - ya mere na oge nke Petra Velikogo.

The mbụ nwere

Jiri waterways ịkwaga ndị agha na mba, ebe osimiri ndị bụ isi nkwurịta okwu ụzọ gasị, na Russian malitere ogologo oge gara aga. Kwuo kpara ụzọ "si Vikings ndị Gris" na-aga azụ ọtụtụ narị afọ. Banyere mkpọsa "lodev" Prince Oleg na Constantinople ekewet epics.

Agha Aleksandra Nevskogo na Swedes na German agha ntụte ahụ otu n'ime nzube ndị bụ isi na-akwadebe Russian ógbè nso ọnụ nke Neva, na-enwe ike ka onwe igodo na Baltic Oké Osimiri.

Na Negeb, na-alụ maka Black Sea na Tatars na Turks bụ Zaporozhye na Don Cossacks. Ha kpara "gull" na 1350 ọma wakporo ma weghaara Ochakov.

The mbụ Russian warship "Eagle" e wuru na 1668 na na Oka River n'ime obodo nke Dedinovo site ka nke Emperor Alexei Mikhailovich. Ma ya n'ezie ọmụmụ nke Russian agha mmiri na iwu ji ya nrọ na uche nwa-ya - Peter Ukwu ahụ.

nrọ Home

Na mbụ na-eto eto na eze ya dị nnọọ mmasị ụgbọ na a obere ụgbọ mmiri dị n'ebe a na a n'ọba n'ime obodo nke Izmailovo. Nke a 6-mita ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nyere nna-ya, na-now echekwara na Naval Museum of St. Petersburg.

N'ọdịnihu eze ukwu si gasiri, na site na ya na-esite na-Russian Imperial Navy, na-akpọ ya "Nna nna nke Russian Fleet". Pita n'onwe ya nyeghachi ya site na isoro nke nna ukwu nke German mmezi, n'ihi na nna ya ukwu shipbuilders na Moscow na-abụghị.

Mgbe n'ọdịnihu akwa edidem ke isua 17, aghọwo a ezigbo onye na-achị, ọ malitere ịghọta n'ezie na Russia ike ịzụlite na-enweghị akụ na ụba, na nkà mmụta sayensị na omenala agbatị na Europe, na nke kacha mma n'aka nkwurịta okwu na-mmiri.

Ume ma na-enwe ọchịchọ ịmata onye, Peter chọrọ iji nweta ihe ọmụma na nkà dị iche iche ebe. Ya kasị ukwuu ahuhu bụ ozizi na omume nke shipbuilding, nke ọ mụtara na Dutch, German na English nwe. Ọ anya delved n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke cartography, m mụtara iji igodo ngwaọrụ.

The mbụ nkà ọ malitere itinye ego na ihe e kere eke nke "na-atọ ọchị flotilla" Pleshcheyevo ọdọ ke Pereslavl nso Yaroslavl. Na June 1689 n'ebe ahụ shipyards-achịkọta bot "Fortune", 2 obere frigates na a ụgbọ mmiri.

Ụzọ ọpụpụ na oké osimiri

Nnukwu ala ibu, bụ onye nke isii nke Ụwa ala uka, Russia mbubreyo na Asaa na narị afọ na-erughị ná mba ndị ọzọ nwere ike ekwu na a Maritime ike. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian nsoro - ọ bụ na-a akụkọ nke na-alụ maka ohere ka ụwa osimiri. E nwere ụzọ abụọ n'oké osimiri ohere - abụọ "bottleneck": na Gulf nke Finland na Baltic Oké Osimiri, nke kwadoro a ike Sweden, na gafee Black Sea, site dị warara Straits nke Dardanelles, nke bụ n'okpuru akara nke Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu.

The mgbalị mbụ kwụsị raids nke Crimea Tatars na Turks na ndịda ókè-ala-, na dina ntọala maka ọdịnihu itunanya na Black Sea e mere site Peter na 1695. Ebe e wusiri ike nke Azov, emi odude ke ọnụ nke Don, ka guzogidere ọgụ site Russian agha njem, na n'ihi Ịhazi nnọchibido bụ ike zuru ezu, ọ bụghị ego na-ezuru bee ọkọnọ nke mgbọ na Turks gbara gburugburu mmiri. Ya mere, iji kwadebe maka ọzọ mkpọsa, ọ e kpebiri-ewu a nsoro.

Azov nsoro

Peter na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ike malitere na-ewu ụgbọ mmiri. More karịa 25,000 ọrụ ugbo a chụpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ na shipyards na nnwogha na na osimiri Voronezh. Dị ka samples me si mba ọzọ, n'okpuru nlekọta nke ndị mba ọzọ nwe e chepụtara 23 akwọ ụgbọ ịkwọ ụgbọ epeepe (ọrụ ahụhụ), 2 nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri (otu onye n'ime ha - 36-egbe "Apostol Potr"), ihe karịrị 1,300 obere arịa - barges, arụpụta ọgụ na dị ka. d. Ọ bụ mgbalị mbụ ike ihe a na-akpọ a "mgbe Russian Imperial Navy." Ọ n'ụzọ zuru okè mezuru ya ọrụ nke ịnapụta agha ka mgbidi nke ebe e wusiri ike na gbara gburugburu igbochi nke Azov na mmiri. Mgbe a isii izu nọchibidoro July 19, 1696 agha nyefere.

"Lutche m agha na oké osimiri ..."

Mkpọsa a gosiri na ọ dị mkpa nke na mmekọrịta nke ala na oké osimiri agha. Ọ bụ oké mkpa iji mkpebi nke Boyar Duma na n'ihu na-ewu ụgbọ mmiri. "Ụgbọ mmiri nwere!" - eze nyere iwu na oke nke ego maka ọhụrụ arịa e mma October 20, 1696. Ebe ọ bụ na ụbọchị, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian nsoro, na-ekwusi ya ngụda.

nnukwu ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo

War maka ndịda ohere oké osimiri kpọọ nke Azov ka malitere, na Peter gara Europe na-achọ nkwado megide Turkey na ya jikọrọ aka. Eze na-eji ya diplomatic tour nke were otu na ọkara afọ ka mma ha ihe ọmụma na shipbuilding na ndị metụtara agha.

N'okpuru aha Petra Mihaylova, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ndị shipyards nke Netherlands. O nwetara ahụmahụ na Ọtụtụ Russian ọkà n'osisi. Na ọnwa atọ kemgbe ha na-ekere òkè e wuru frigeeti "Pita na Pọl", bụ ndị gara mgbe ahụ ka Java n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ nke East India Company.

Na England, eze na-arụ ọrụ na shipyards na n'ibu noo. English King kpọmkwem maka Peter ndokwa naval eduzi. Ịhụ ihe ndị na mmekọrịta 12 na nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri, Peter ego n'anya ụtọ ma na-ekwu na ọ chọrọ ịbụ onye na-English Admiral, karịa ndị Russian Tsar. Site na oge na nrọ nwere a dị ike Russian Imperial Navy emeela ka ya obi kpamkpam.

eto eto Russia

Marine azụmahịa amalite. Na 1700, Petr Veliky akọwaputa ensign nke Russian Navy ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ kpọ aha-ya mgbe mbụ Russian Order - St Andreya Pervozvannogo. 300 afọ na Russian nsoro, na fọrọ nke nta niile na oge ekpuchi Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri oblique-acha anụnụ anụnụ cross nke St. Andrew si ọkọlọtọ.

A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na Moscow mbụ naval akwụkwọ - ụlọ akwụkwọ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na nchọgharị sayensị. Guzosie Ike na Navy nyere iwu na-edu alaka ọhụrụ. Nabatara Naval Charter banyere naval n'ohu.

Ma, ọtụtụ ihe - na Admiralty, na-elekọta na-ano - ọhụrụ mmiri na-na-ewu n'ebe ahụ.

Peter m atụmatụ maka inwekwu mmeri ná ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Black Sea na isi e shipyards gbochie a ọzọ egwu onye iro ka ndị North. Denmark na Sweden gara agha n'elu ụka isuo, na Peter sonyeere ya na Danish n'akụkụ, na ebumnuche na-inwere site na "window na Europe" - ohere na Baltic Oké Osimiri.

Battle Gangut

Sweden edu a-eto eto na cocky Charles XII bụ isi agha na oge. Enweghị uche na-Russian Imperial Navy chere gbakee. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1714 na Russian skwodron nke ịkwọ ụgbọ epeepe edu ochiagha Fedorom Apraksinym zutere ike Swedish rụnyere n'ụgbọ mmiri na Cape Hanko. Na ikwe ka onye iro ogbunigwe, na ochiagha agaghị anwa anwa na-eduzi see kọọrọ Peter ọnọdụ.

The eze mere a feint: nyere iwu ka ndokwa a flooring maka ugbo mmiri n'ala akọrọ, na-egosi na ebumnuche na-abịa gafee ala ahụ dị warara n'azụ nke onye iro nsoro. Iji gbochie nke a, ndị Swedes-akọrọ nsoro, eziga a detachment nke 10 arịa gafere dịịrị banye na mmiri ebe Perevoloka. N'oge a na oké osimiri e guzobere zuru jụụ, nke na-efunahụ Swedes ekwe omume nke ọ bụla kpaa kụrụ ọnụ. Oke mmiri agbakọta anyịnya aak ka n'ihu agha, na mmiri nke Russian nsoro - ngwa ngwa akwọ ụgbọ ịkwọ ụgbọ epeepe - bilitere n'ụsọ oké osimiri na wakpoo a ìgwè nke 10 arịa, trapping ya na n'ọnụ mmiri. Frigeeti flagship "Elephant" e weere on board ụgbọ mmiri, Pita onwe aka na a melee agha, na-eru ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na ihe nlereanya.

Russian naval mmeri bụ zuru ezu. About a iri na abuo mmiri e jidere, ihe karịrị otu puku Swedes weghaara na ihe karịrị 350 - e gburu. Enweghị adịkwa otu ụgbọ mmiri, Russian furu efu 120 ikom gburu na 350 - merụrụ ahụ.

First Victoria Sea - na Gangut na, mgbe e mesịrị, na Grengam na ala Poltava mmeri - niile a bụ isi ihe na-aka n'ime Treaty nke Nystad Sweden (1721), n'okpuru nke Russia malitere-adị n'ime Baltic Oké Osimiri. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ - ohere ka West European ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri - a na-enweta.

Hapụrụ Petra Velikogo

Ihe ndabere maka ihe e kere eke nke Baltic Fleet e tọrọ ntọala site Peter iri afọ tupu agha Gangutskaya mgbe agbapụtawo si n'ọnụ Neva Swedes e tọrọ ntọala St. Petersburg, ọhụrụ isi obodo nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Yana agha isi dị nso - Kronstadt - ha ghọrọ ọnụ ụzọ ámá-emechi ka ndị iro na dum na-emeghe maka trading.

N'ihi na a nkeji iri na ise na narị afọ, Russia were ụzọ na were ọtụtụ narị afọ, ndị na-eduga Maritime ike - si obere ụgbọ mmiri na maka ala gbara osimiri okirikiri igodo nnukwu arịa ike nke na-esi merie zuru ụwa ọnụ mbara igwe. Flag nke Russian Navy mara na-akwanyere ùgwù na niile oké osimiri nke ụwa.

History of mmeri na mmeri e meriri

Pita mgbanwe na ya mmasị nwa - mbụ Russian nsoro - eche a siri ike akara aka. Ọ bụghị ihe niile ụdi-achị ndị mba na-akọrọ echiche nke Petra Velikogo, ma ọ bụ ike ya nke agwa.

N'elu ọzọ afọ 300 na Russian nsoro nwere ohere iji merie oké mmeri ugboro Ushakov na Nakhimov na-ata ahụhụ nke ukwu mmebi ke Sevastopol na Tsushima. Mgbe kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ karịsịa raids Russia e napụ ọnọdụ nke oké osimiri ike. N'oge Renaissance, mgbe zuru ezu ida maara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian Navy na narị afọ gara aga, na n'oge a.

Taa nsoro bụ inweta ike mgbe a na-agbawa obi ọnọdụ na-achọghị, na ọ dị mkpa icheta na ya malitere ya ike na uche Peter m, bụ onye kweere na Maritime ịdị ukwuu nke obodo ha.