The ala ọnọdụ nke Caucasus, ókèala, eke ọnọdụ

The ala ọnọdụ nke Caucasus ka a okwu nke esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Mgbe niile, ọ bụ ókè-ala n'etiti Europe na Asia. Ma ebe kpọmkwem ụgha cordon? Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ewere ya na ndịda foothills, kasị elu mgbe na Europe bụ Mount Elbrus. Ma ọ bụrụ na ókè-ala-agba tinyere Main Kọkeshịan riiji, na Mont Blanc. Nke a ugwu ugwu na-nnọọ akp. N'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Caucasus mepụtara ya idụhe. Ebe ndị a dị iche na ọdịdị ala na ọdịdị. N'isiokwu a anyị na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu banyere ọtụtụ ihu nke Caucasus ugwu usoro.

Location na map nke ụwa

Bụ obodo dị na Eurasia n'agbata Oké Osimiri Ojii na Azov Sea na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Caspian Sea nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Iji n'ebe ugwu nke Caucasus erukwa saa mbara East European Plain. Nke a buru ibu, ugwu ugwu nwere ya iche eke ala. The ala ọnọdụ nke Caucasus n'etiti abụọ n'oké osimiri nke Atlantic Ocean na ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa ọnụ ọdọ Caspian Sea kwuru na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ókè nke ugwu usoro bụ doro anya na anya. Na ihe banyere ugwu na karịsịa n'ebe ndịda, ọ bụghị otú mfe. Kuma-Manych ịda mbà n'obi dị na ókèala si Caspian Sea na Azov na Kerch Strait. Ọ na-atụle edere edere ókè nke Caucasus. N'ebe ndịda nke usoro ihe a na-aga were were na ugwu nke Turkey na Iran. Ókè-ala nwere ike kere ịnọgide na bụbu Soviet steeti cordon dị n'ógbè ahụ. Ugbu a, ọ bụ site na Georgia, Armenia na Azerbaijan. N'ebe ndịda na-agba tinyere mgbawa ugwu Armenian ala dị larịị, bụ osimiri Araks ma na-abịa Talysh Ugwu.

Geotectonics na map

The ala ọnọdụ nke Caucasus na-ekwu okwu na-agbasi nke eziokwu na nke a ugwu bụ akụkụ nke Alpine-Himalaya belt. A ka nwere na-aga n'ihu tectonic ọrụ, ọ bụ ezie na e nweghị agbọpụta ọkụ. Dị ka ndị na-ewu geomorphological Caucasus na-kewara n'ime anọ orographic mpaghara. Ka anyị lee ha na a Strand.

Dị n'ebe ugwu bụ Ciscaucasian larịị, nke na-erukwa obosara warara nke Azov na Caspian Sea. Ọzọkwa n'ebe ndịda, ugwu nye ụzọ ala ugwu nta nile. On the Big Kọkeshịan riiji odude isi usoro ọnụ ọnụ - Elbrus na Kazbek. Nke a buru ibu mba na-nwere ya nke e ji mara. South nke ọ bụ Transcaucasian ịda mbà n'obi. Ọ mejupụtara nke Kura-Araks di ala ala na Colchis. Ha na-ọzọ Transcaucasian Highlands. Ọ, n'aka nke ya, na-kewara abụọ n'akụkụ. Nke a ugwu nke Lesser Caucasus na Javakheti-Armenian Highland.

Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị map nke ụwa

South nke Main Caucasus iche na-onwe ha na Ọkaakaa ala nke Georgia, Armenia na Azerbaijan. North ugwu ji nke Russian Federation. E nwekwara a onwe-kwusara mba nke Caucasus: South Osisha, Abkhazia na Nagorno-Karabakh. Ha ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, dị ka usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ, bụ nnọọ na-edochaghị anya. The Russian Federation dị n'ógbè nke ọtụtụ territorial entities. Iji n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ bụ Stavropol na Krasnodar n'ókèala. Ha na-ghọtara eme n'ógbè Russia. Na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ihe dị otú kwurula Kọkeshịan mba n'ime Russian Federation dị ka Adygea, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Bosnia, Chechnya, North Osisha na Karachay-Cherkessia. National mejupụtara nke ndị bi na mba ndị a bụ nnọọ yi. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka oge maka a dịgasị iche iche nke ofu-agbụrụ esemokwu. Hot tụrụ nke Caucasus ndị Bosnia, Chechnya, South Osisha, Dagestan, Ingushetia. Nagorno-Karabakh bụ ka a rụrụ ụka n'ókèala n'etiti Armenia na Azerbaijan.

N'ógbè nke Caucasus ugwu

The nnukwu ogologo nke riiji dugara eziokwu na nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ya ala atụmatụ. N'ihi ya, ugwu ugwu nwere ike kere bụghị naanị na ebe ugwu, Central na n'ebe ndịda, kamakwa Eastern na Western Caucasus. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle isi riiji, mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ omume na-anọrọ na akụkụ nke na-amalite na Absheron dịịrị banye na mmiri na adahade Kazbek. Nke a East Caucasus. The Central nkebi nke n'usoro e-ike-abịakọrọ, Ikegasị iche (isi) na mpụta kewaa ugwu nakwa n'ebe ndịda nke mba. A Western Caucasus amalite na Taman dịịrị banye na mmiri na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ adahade Elbrus (5642 m n'elu oké osimiri larịị). Na a obere akụkụ, n'etiti abụọ kasị elu n'ebe ah u nke ugwu nso, lekwasị ndị ọzọ niile na ise puku mita: Dykhtau, Mijirghi, Jangi-Tau, Pushkin, Koshtantau, Shkhara. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a n'elu Mont Blanc na Alps (4807 m).

Lesser Caucasus

South nke Main (n'ikewa) iche erukwa site n'oké osimiri ruo n'oké osimiri, a nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi enyemaka. Ebe a na-ekenyela n'ógbè nke Caucasus, dị ka mmiri Colchis larịị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-akọrọ Alazan na Kura-Araz larịị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ma n'ebe ndịda nke deflections ọzọ ịrị ugwu ahụ. Naanị submeridional Likhaị iche ejikọ Ukwuu Caucasus na Obere. The aha ndị nke ikpeazụ ga ghara iduhie onye ọ bụla. N'ezie, top nke Lesser Caucasus usụhọde Kazbek na Elbrus. Ma, ebe a bụ Ugwu Ararat (5165 m). Ọ bụ kasị elu mgbe ndị Asia Minor. E na mpaghara a a ọtụtụ ọnụ ọnụ n'elu Alpine Mont Blanc. Lesser Caucasus gbagọrọ 600 kilometa aak. A otutu ya ridges nwere a elu nke 2-3 kilomita. Ha na-iche site miri intermountain efere. N'ebe ndịda nke ugwu agbatị sara Javakheti-Armenian Highland. Ọ mejupụtara mgbawa ugwu ridges na elu ugwu dị larịị bee site miri omimi. The kasị elu mgbe a region - Aragats (4090 m).

ugwu usoro n'ebe ndịda ebe ọ na-agwụ

The ala ọnọdụ nke Caucasus bụ ndị dị otú ahụ na ọ bụ ike ikpebi na ókè-ala. N'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ridges na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akpụ akpụ na Talysh Mountains, agwụcha Lenkoran larịị nso Caspian Sea (28 m n'okpuru oké osimiri larịị). N'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-Lesser Caucasus aga na Alborz ugwu. Agbụ ígwè a dị n'ebe ugwu Iran bụ akụkụ nke Pontic ugwu na Asia Minor. N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwu na ókè ebe ndịda nke ugwu bụ Lankaran di ala ala na Talish ugwu Alborz ugwu.

Kọkeshịan iche iche

Nke a mpaghara a bi banyere iri ise agbụrụ. Ma onye ọ bụla nke ha kere ya ọdịbendị ha pụrụ iche. Karịsịa heterogeneous na agbụrụ mejupụtara bụ North Caucasus (Russia). Nke a mpaghara a mmadụ bi Kabardian, Adygei, Cherkess, Shapsugs, Chechens, Ingush, Batsbi, Tsakhurs, Tabasaran, Rutuls, Lezgins, Laks, Dargin, Aguls, Avars. E nwekwara ndị na-ekwu okwu ire okwu nke Altai asụsụ ezinụlọ. Ọ Nogai, truhmeny, Kumyks Karachai, Balkars, Meskhetian Turks. Transcaucasia na-bi Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis. Ma agbụrụ mejupụtara nke ndị a mba oke heterogeneous. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-anọchite anya nke titular mba nke mba ndị a na e nwere Abkhazians, Ossetians, tats, Talysh, Mountain Juu, Yezidis, Kurds, Asiria. Na mesịrị ndị biri na ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ugwu a na onu. Nke a Russian, Ukrainians, Gris, ndị Juu, Tatars na ndị ọzọ. The isi okpukpe Islam (dị ka Shia na Sunni) na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks.

seismic ọnọdụ

Caucasus n'ókèala ina kpamkpam na Alpine-Himalaya belt. Nke a ebe dị mobile. Ya mere, Ugboro ala ọma jijiji Caucasus. Mụbara seismic ọrụ na mpaghara na-eduga ná eziokwu na ugwu ruru ka convergence nke tectonic efere na-eto eto ka ọkara a sentimita a afọ. N'otu oge ahụ dị larịị ịda ọbụna ọzọ. Usoro a bụ bụghị dị ka ngwa ngwa - abụọ isii millimeters kwa afọ. Ndị kasị Ugboro ala ọma jijiji na Caucasus, kpọmkwem na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Armenian ugwu. Ikpeazụ dị otú ahụ a ọdachi, nke na-ekwu ọtụtụ puku mmadụ, mere na 1988. Mountain Caucasus ruru ya elu seismic ọrụ bụ isiokwu Ugboro snow, Mmiri na mudflows. Obere ala ọma jijiji ime ka rockfalls na mbuze. Soft sediments saa iyi na ndị ọzọ ozize Filiks. N'ihi ya kpụrụ abaitiat. Ha na-karịsịa ọtụtụ na ugwu nke Greater Caucasus. Ịpụta ihe ọ na-echeta ihe Vorontsov ọgba usoro, New Athos, Snow Nsogbu (ya omimi - 1370 m), Lago-Naki ala dị larịị.

The idụhe nke Caucasus

Nke a ugwu ugwu dabeere na ala nke subtropical na ọnọdụ eke zones. I nwere ike ịsị na: a mgbidi dị elu, nke bụ Caucasus ya onwe ya bụ na ihu igwe na-akpụ ihe na-akpata. Ọnụ ọnụ na ise puku mita n'enweghị bụkwanụ n'ebe ndịda mkpọda oyi ifufe. N'otu oge ahụ dị n'ebe ugwu di ala ala Kọkeshịan eburu niile shot ala okpomọkụ. Karịsịa egbu ihe dị iche na ihu igwe e ji mara hụrụ oyi. Mgbe na Russian akụkụ nke bụ ugwu ugwu na-arọ snowfalls na Caucasus mba na-achị achị anya, ala akọrọ na-ekpo ọkụ ihu igwe. N'ezie, ndị dị otú ahụ nnukwu ugwu hụrụ elu-elu mpaghara. Na ọnụ ọnụ afọ-gburugburu snow. N'okpuru ebe mpaghara lichens na mosses dochie Alpine ahịhịa, coniferous na deciduous n'ọhịa. Na ndị nọ na ndagwurugwu ọ na-amasị anya na lush Evergreen subtropical ahịhịa.

Caucasus osimiri

Water region akwara nwere a ugwu agwa nke eruba, ya mere ekere òkè dị mkpa na ume oru. Ọ ga-kwuru na ugwu mkpọda nke Caucasus ewepụghị, elongated, mgbe ndịda - nkpoda na precipitous. Ndị dị otú ahụ enyemaka mmetụta na osimiri. Na n'ebe ugwu nke ugwu mba, ha na-aghọ ewepụghị okike. Dị ka ihe atụ, Don. Kuban - kasị osimiri nke North Caucasus. Ma, e nwere na mpaghara a ugwu ugwu ngwa ngwa na n'ọgba aghara iyi. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi ihe Kura na Terek. Caucasus osimiri nke efere nke atọ na oké osimiri, nke ya gburugburu n'ugwu. Terek, Aras, Kura, Kuma na Sulak igba n'ime Caspian Sea. Bụ nke Black Sea efere waterways dị ka Bzyb, Kodori, Inguri, Rioni. Azov zụọ Don, Kuban. The kasị ibu ọdọ ke n'ógbè bụ Sevan.

Nature Caucasus

Ugwu ugwu ijuanya dịgasị iche iche nke Okirikiri. E nwere subtropical di ala ala swamps, na ok fir ọhịa, boxwood osisi, n'elu ugwu na ala ahịhịa juru. Na a bukwanu elu nke karịa atọ puku mita na-adịkwaghị lichens na mosses. Permafrost amalite mgbe 3,500 mita n'elu oké osimiri. The n'ebe ugwu di ala ala nke Caucasus oyi. Vetikal zonation na ndị a mkpọda e ji ihe mberede mgbanwe nke zones. snow ókè-ala na North Caucasus ụgha ala karịa n'ebe ndịda - na gburugburu 2800 mita n'elu oké osimiri. Mountain fauna nke region kwesịrị ka a na-echebe. Lynx na Kọkeshịan agụ owuru bụ na verge nke ikpochapu. A na nwa afọ ụdị Bison, munsu na tiger okụrede kpam kpam. Ma nnọọ, na-hụrụ n'ugwu aṅụju nke anụ ọhịa bea, ọhịa boar, anịgọ, na anụ ebulu. Dị ka osisi, ndị Caucasus a maara dị ka ebe omumu nke ibu hogweed. Na 1890, ọ na-e ka Europe dị ka ihe ornamental osisi. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-ewere nnọọ ize ndụ na ike ike neophyte.

Ntụrụndụ ohere Caucasus

The mpaghara dị n'etiti atọ n'ebe ndịda oké osimiri nile. E guzobere nwayọọ idụhe, mgbanwe site ọnọdụ na subtropical. Ugwu ndị dị elu ike a dị iche iche nke Okirikiri. Fast etoola osimiri amasị agwa gị ka ị rafting. All a na-eme Caucasus n'ime a ntụrụndụ ebe. Ma, ebe a ị nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị na zuru ike ma na-agwọ. Nke a na-eme ka a nnukwu ego nke ịnweta mmiri nke na-guzobere na nkume di elu. The ụwa dum maara ika "Borjomi", nke na-ebupụ Georgia. Ma ọ dịghị ụkọ ntụrụndụ ego na North Caucasus. Kislovodsk, Mineralnye Vody, Georgievsk, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Lermontov - niile ndị a ga-eme obodo dị na Stavropol mpaghara. Zolsky District (Kabardino-Balkaria) bụ ma ama Narzanov Tambukan na curative apịtị ọdọ.