The ala ọnọdụ nke Israel. The ala nke Israel, ókèala, na ọdịdị ala, ọdịdị nke

Israel bụ mba nke a na-eche na mmetụta nke ọtụtụ omenala na okpukpe, na ike ga-nụrụ na n'okporo ámá nke ọtụtụ asụsụ okwu. Bible n'onwe ya na ike ịgwa banyere ọgaranya akụkọ ihe mere, nke mepụtara ihe karịrị ọtụtụ millennia. Na niile n'ihi na ihe ndị a doo ya akara Israel si ebe. The ịdị ukwuu nke mba a chere mgbe ịga akụkọ ihe mere eme na saịtị na ebe nsọ nile, tinye ke ikuku nke kwekọrọ na ọnọdụ ime mmụọ.

Isiokwu a ga-atụle site na ọnọdụ na ebe nke Israel na ókè-ala na mba ndị ọzọ, geological na hydrographic data, nakwa dị ka peculiarities nke obodo ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

Location na ụwa map

The State of Israel bụ na ụwa, nke a na-akpọ Middle East. Nke a bụ a Omeiwu Republic na South-West Asia, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke Oké Osimiri Mediterenian. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ele ụwa map, kpọmkwem na-achịkọta ndị Israel - 34 ° 45 'ọwụwa anyanwụ lonjituudu na 31 Celsius 30' ugwu ohere.

Ókè na ebe

Israel nade ye ọtụtụ mba. Na ya ugwu ókè - na Lebanon, na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ akụkụ - na Syria, n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-- na Gaza warara na Ijipt nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - na Jọdan na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ókèala Osimiri Jọdan.

Na ogologo nke ala ókè bụ banyere iri na otu narị kilomita. Ihe ezi data, oddly ezu, na-adịghị na-akọwa site na Israel ala. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na nke a ụbọchị, na mba-enweghị ike idozi ukara na ókè na Syria na Lebanon. Ya mere, ha na-Olee ihe enyemaka kewara "atụmatụ reticle ọkụ" na "Blue Line."

Western ala nke Israel site n'Oké Osimiri Mediterenian, akụkụ ebe ndịda - Oké Osimiri Uhie, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ obodo ókè-ala nsọ Osimiri Jọdan, ebe e mere Jizọs baptizim ozugbo. The coastline bụ 273 kilomita. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndekọ nke Oké Osimiri Mediterenian, na a nnọọ obere òkè ekpuchi Red Sea (dị nnọọ iri na abụọ kilomita).

Ngụkọta nke ebe Israel, tinyere ndị Palestian Authority, bụ 27.800 square kilomita. Na 6220 nke ha na-arụ Judea, Samaria na Gaza warara, nke e agbapụtawo dị ka a N'ihi nke agha arụmọrụ ke 1967. Nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na ókèala ndị State of Israel bụ akụkụ nke Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ (ihe dị ka otu puku square kilomita). Ọ na-nnu emechi ọdọ, kacha omimi bụ 378 mita.

ala n'ókèala

Ndika ebe nke ókèala nke Israel nke puku mmadụ iri abụọ square kilomita, nke karịa anọ dara na n'ime obodo miri. Area nke mba erukwa si n'ebe ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu, si Eilat ka Metulla mmezi ka 424 kilomita. Site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ anya kacha dịrị warara bụ 15 kilomita, na ọtụtụ ná esịmde 114 kilomita.

Iji ụbọchị, Israel nwere East Jerusalem 70 sq km, 1.150 square kilomita nke Golan Heights, na 5879 square kilomita nke West Bank. Ndokwa a na-emetụta ndụ nke ala, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ya asụsụ na akwụkwọ ego atụmatụ.

Language Israel

Taa, ukara asụsụ a na mba na-ahụta ka Arabic na Hibru. Ma, ebe a kwa mgbe na-ekwu okwu Russian, English, German, French na Spanish.

Ná mmalite, asụsụ nke ndị Juu na ndị bụ a Hebrew. Ọ na-kweere na ha nwere na Adam na Iv. Na nke a olumba kasị nke Old Testament na Mpịakọta Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ na-dere. All a asụsụ nke Israel agbanweela n'okpuru nduzi nke mba ndị agbata obi. Ya mere ya variants nwere pụtara (e.g., Western European, Yemen, German na Muslim).

Otú ọ dị, na narị afọ nke abụọ, ndị Juu kpagburu ndị Rom, na Hibru tụfuru ya ike dị ka a gwara asụsụ. Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke XIX narị afọ na ọ bụ naanị dere poems na okpukpe akụkụ, na mgbe ahụ na ọ na-kenchara. Ma mgbe Hebrew nwayọọ nwayọọ gbakee na ụzọ nke a Zionist onye bi na Russian Alaeze Ukwu.

Israel ego

Taa, na ala si ukara ego na-atụle ga a ọhụrụ Israel shekel. Ọ bụ hà otu narị penny ọ bụla. Mgbe tụnyere ndị ọzọ ego nkeji, ndị NIS - 0,29 US dollar, ma ọ bụ 16,96 nke Russian ruble.

Ego na-eji kemgbe oge ochie gburugburu ụwa. Ma mgbe ahụ, ọ na-adịghị pụtara shekel ekpemekpe nke na mkpụrụ ego, na ibu ibu nke ọlaedo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha, nke na-kpọrọ kasị. Na 1985, a ego ka depreciated ka a puku ugboro. The ẹdude ego na banknotes gbanwere na anya na e ẹkedọhọde akwụkwọ ozi nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Hibru. Na e nwere ndị ọhụrụ shekel na iri. Taa, Israel ego nwere mba koodu na unu kpamkpam kọnvatịbụl n'ime ndị ọzọ ego.

ndutịm nkewa

The State of Israel ekewa ndutịm mpaghara, nke a na-akpọ mehozotami. A ngụkọta nke isii: Central, Jerusalem, Haifa, Tel Aviv, North na South. ndutịm mpaghara na-ekewa n'ime iri na ise sub-distrikti, na-akpọ nafotami n'aka. Ha pụrụ ịdabere na iri ise onwe ha subokrugov.

Large na-eto eto na obodo n'ógbè Jeruselem bụ na Bet-shemesh. N'oge Bible e efehe si Judia ugwu Ierusalima.Tel Aviv bụ a azụmahịa na ulo oru, omenala na azụmahịa nke isi obodo. The kasị ọmarịcha ebe a na-ewere Haifa, bụ nke dị na mkputamkpu ugwu nke dị nsọ ugwu Kamel.

Israel na-n'ụzọ ziri ezi nwere ike-atụle center nke Jerusalem. Na ebe nsọ a, mkpughe isi ihe ndị mere ná ndụ Kraịst. Ọ bụkwa ndị kasị ibu obodo na steeti na mpaghara 126 square kilomita. Na Jerusalem, home ka fọrọ nke nta asatọ na puku ndị mmadụ. Ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ Izrel bụ banyere asatọ ọtụtụ nde.

Israel enyemaka

Nke a na obodo òkè abụọ ugwu, na nke a na-arụpụta atọ kpamkpam dị iche iche site na enyemaka ebe.

1 Rift Valley. Dị ka ọ na-akpọkarị Jordan mgbe osimiri eru ebe a. Ọ bụ a pụrụ iche uji eze, nke na-ezo aka a nnukwu geological kpatara Siria African mpaghara. Ọ na-agụnye na Ndagwurugwu Jọdan, Hula, Jezreel, Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ efere na Wadi al-Arab, nke bụ njikọ na Oké Osimiri Uhie.

2. Mountain mpaghara. Eilat gbatịrị si n'ọnụ mmiri na-agbaso n'ife ofufe n'ugwu. The ebe nwekwara ike kere atọ akụkụ. N'ebe ndịda ya ugwu nke Negeb desert, ke edem edere - Galileo, na n'etiti - na Central Highlands, nke na-agụnye Samaria, Judia na Shfela. Ọ bụrụ na ị ntị ka teren atụmatụ nke Israel a na ubi, anyị pụrụ ịhụ na ọ na-ebili nwayọọ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, akpụ a dum yinye ugwu nta banyere abụọ na narị abụọ na anọ na narị mita elu. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ugwu steeper na nkpoda, ụfọdụ eru ọbụna 1.3 kilomita.

3. The ala gbara osimiri okirikiri na mbara ọzara. Ọ na-amalite a warara na-agbaso n'ife ofufe ókè-ala na-esetị aka Egypt site Negeb desert. N'aka nke ya, nke a na mpaghara nwere ike kere atọ zones. On ugwu n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ọ Zapadnogalileyskoe Zebulun Valley. N'ebe ndịda akụkụ nke Maritime mpaghara na-anọchi anya Mediterranean n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nke na-agụnye ndị Juu na ndị larịị Negeb. Na etiti ewekarị Kamel Valley n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Sharon (Sharon).

N'ihi na warara aja beach ụgha warara nke ala, nke na-emeso site na obodo. Ọ bụ ya mere ebe a na-lekwasị ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na nke Israel. Na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri dị larịị na-isi n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mmezi nke Tel Aviv, Ashdod, Haifa na a isi set nke ugbo na ulo oru nwere nke ala.

geological feature

The mba tumadi mejupụtara nkume nke Mesozoic, metụtara ndị tertiary na quaternary usoro. The kasị nile Upper Cretaceous ego, nke na-anọchi anya ya dolomite, na nkume nzu na marl. Zoolity na sandstones-erukwa na dị larịị Gileleya na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe. Na n'ebe ugwu na e nwere nke ukwu ego nke nzu, nke kpụrụ n'ọgba nke Rosh Hanikra. Ma ọdịdị ala nke Israel na ndagwurugwu Jọdan bụ dị iche iche ụyọkọ nke dị ike alluvial formations.

The nkume nzu n'ígwé mfe sachapụ a otutu nke obodo miri. N'ihi nke a, na ebe ndị a ukwuu mepụtara karst Filiks. Abaitiat, kpụrụ site na mmiri-soluble umu, ọtụtụ na Israel. Otú ọ dị, ileta na-emeghe otu - Avshalom. Ọzọkwa e nwere ọtụtụ obere ọgba kpụrụ ndammana, nke mbụk e ji mee ka a nkwakọba, zoro na-ahụ ndị na.

ala nke Israel

The pụrụ iche obodo ọnọdụ nke Israel mmetụta dị ukwuu di iche iche nke ala nkume. The n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba ahụ, esịnede n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ugwu mkpọda, ọgaranya aja aja Ona, nke bụ ihe e ji mara maka akọrọ subtropical mpaghara. Na ókèala nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti ebe nke na-elekwasị anya ugwu isi awọ-agba aja aja n'ụwa. N'ebe ndịda, e nwere iche iche nke subtropical desert Ona.

N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ugwu Negeb kpụrụ ìhè edo edo tụụrụ loess. Na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri humus ọdịnaya àmà site 0,75% na 2.4% na a omimi n'elu, karị. Ground ndịda Negeb emi esịnede konkiri na sandstone, na ala cover of Galilee - si na nkume nzu. The ala cover anọghị naanị na ụfọdụ desert na ugwu ebe.

hydrography

Ọ bụrụ na anyị anya na ebe Israel bụ, i nwere ike ịhụ na ọ rụrụ ụka hydrographic ọnọdụ. Ọhụrụ mmiri mee na-eme atụmatụ na 1,8 ijeri cubic mita kwa afọ. N'ime ndị a, 1100 si obere isi mmalite na osimiri, 320 - Israel n'ógbè Jọdan, na 200 - uzo na Yarkon River.

Ọzọkwa, ọhụrụ mmiri na-emepụta site ọcha nsị na nhazi nke mmiri nke oké osimiri. Isi esite maka mba bụ Oké Osimiri Galili. Si ya mgbe Rosh ha-Ayin na Yarkon-Negeb mmiri bụ ngụkọta ogologo banyere 250 kilomita.

Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke osimiri ahụ nke mba bụ ndị nke Mediterranean Basin. E nwere ọtụtụ, na ọtụtụ n'ime ha nanị dries na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge. Eastern ala nke Israel na-undrained. The kasị mgbe nile osimiri nke mba na-atụle ga Jọdan. N'ihi na haịdrọlik ngwá ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta na-agbanweghi agbanwe ebuka. The naanị wezụga bụ obere idei mmiri. Of oké mmasị bụ Oké Osimiri Galili. Ọ bụ obere nnu, ma ka kwesịrị ekwesị maka, ma ọgaranya azụ.

ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe

Israel - nnọọ a obere mba, ma ọ bụ ike izute kasị itoolu dị iche iche ihu igwe zones, nke ịdị iche iche dị ka region ebe. Mountain ebe na-ji a pụtara na-ekpo ọkụ summers na oyi na-atụ winters. Ebe nke n'ụsọ oké osimiri e ji nwayọọ winters ma na iru mmiri summers. Na Ndagwurugwu Jọdan dị nwayọọ na obi ụtọ winters, ma ukwu-ekpo ọkụ ma na akọrọ n'oge okpomọkụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ di iche iche a na-kọwara site siri teren na desert ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mpaghara na mbọhọ nke oké osimiri n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

The ala ọnọdụ nke Israel na-emetụta ihu igwe. Ihu ọma, na mba nwere a subtropical idụhe. Winter bụ ezi mma na udu. Air na January na-emekarị ụtọ ruo 9-22 degrees. Ụba nke mmiri ozuzo dara na December - February, snow dara adịkarịghị, na mgbe naanị na n'ugwu.

Summer na Israel ekwupụtakwa na April ka November. Ọ bụ tumadi akọrọ na-ekpo ọkụ. The ikuku ụtọ ruo 30-38 degrees. Ma n'ihi ndị dị nnọọ iche iru mmiri na dị iche iche n'ógbè nke okpomọkụ ya na-aghọta dị iche iche. A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke afọ nke Israel pores ibu sultry akpọnwụ ifufe. The mmiri Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ na-emekarị ọkụ ruo 30 degrees na August, na 25 - na February.

Flora

Israel Nature bụ nnọọ iche iche. Ebe i nwere ike izute ndị nnọchiteanya nke Sahara na Arabian, Iranian-Turan na n'ógbè Mediterenian. Osisi nke mba adade ke 2600 umu, 150 nke nwere ike nanị Israel na-enweghị ebe ọzọ n'ụwa.

Nile oak, pomegranate, fig, olive, fir, laurel, sịkamọ, myrtle na carob. Obodo n'anya na-akụ eucalyptus, acacia na Alpine pine na ọhịa mpaghara. Maka Osisi Dịkwuo nke mepere emepe ebe eji casuarina, pistachio, ficus, oleander na tamarisk. Dị ka ọnọdụ nke ndị a na osisi, i nwere ike ikpebi ebe njedebe nke Israel na ókè-ala.

fauna

Israel si fauna na-anọchi anya 100 ụdị mammals, 500 ụdị nnụnụ na 100 ụdị akpụ akpụ. Na mbụ fauna bụ na ano. Si ebe ndị a okụrede ọdụm, Siria bear, Nile agụ iyi, oryx, Berber atụrụ, onager, fallow mgbada na ikwiikwii. Ma ka e na-hụrụ dromedary, barbary atụrụ, Nubian ewu, nne mgbada, ele, ọhịa boar na Oryx.

Ọzọkwa, ụmụ anụmanụ na ọdịdị nke Israel na-anọchi anya Wetland o tinyere n'oru na ala turtles. Alexander nanị n'osimiri Naịl pụrụ ịchọta myagkokozhie umu. Ọzọkwa bụ n'ụlọ ka Palestian ajụala, EFA, Boa, mmiri agwọ, nwa agwọ na ntupọ psevdovipera. Total nwere ike ịgụ 30 umu nke agwọ, 8 nke nwere nsi.

The ikwu nkụ nke ihu igwe na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na umu nke amphibians. Ha na-ebe a ọkọnọ Fire Salamander, kee ya agbụ newt, ogwumagala, nkịtị osisi frog, Siria spadefoot awo na green.

Na nkenke, ala ọnọdụ nke Israel awade ọtụtụ ohere maka mba a. Karịsịa ebe a hụrụ n'anya na-eme njem a njem n'ihi na ntụrụndụ nke Mediterranean, Nwụrụ Anwụ na Red n'oké osimiri.