The Battle nke Austerlitz na 1805: nkọwa. Onye nyere iwu ka Russian agha na agha nke Austerlitz?

A obere Bavarian obodo Austerlitz a kara aka na-abanye na-akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa, ebe ọ bụ na-esote ya December 2, 1805, e nwere a agha, ọ na-ezi na-atụle soma akwa agha n'oge Napoleonic agha. Ọ 73000th French agha merie ndị ka elu nọmba nke ya mgbochi Napoleonic mmekota. The Battle nke Austerlitz a na-ewere a mmeri nke diplomatic na agha ọgụgụ nke Napoleon.

The esemokwu nke atọ eze ukwu

Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-akpọ "Agha nke atọ eze ukwu na Austerlitz." Na ọ bụ nnọọ eziokwu, n'ihi na gbakwunyere na Napoleon na ubi nke agha na na fateful ụbọchị e gara site abụọ ọzọ august personages - na Russian Emperor Alexander m na Austrian Franz II. Iji ghọta ihe nke ike ha nọrọ a mwụfu ọbara, ọ ga-aga azụ afọ abụọ gara aga mgbe France kwubiri na England na-akpọ Peace nke Amiens.

Atụmatụ maka mmeri nke England

Aka na akwụkwọ, na eziokwu na ọ na nyere oké ọchịchọ French eze ukwu oge iji kwadebe maka mbuso agha nke British n'Àgwàetiti, na ụdi kpọọ nke London. The British ghọtara nke a nke ọma na ezi-ahụ nzọpụta ha naanị na na-eme ka Afrika ọzọ, nke atọ na esepu aka, na mba mmekota megide Napoleon. Ọ na-e kere na adị ruo mgbe ụbọchị ruo mgbe ọ nyawara egbu maka ibu agha nke Austerlitz.

Nke a afọ ji ihe n'ụba nke kasị oké ọchịchọ atụmatụ nke French eze ukwu, ọ na-ezi kpọrọ ekwe n'ebumnobi nke akada London. N'ihi nke a, na Boulogne, nso Paris, anyị na zuru ọgụ readiness nke ndị agha, onye ọrụ ya bụ, agafe English Channel, ịkwaga English isi obodo. Gbochie mmejuputa a zubere French Admiral Pierre-Sharl Vilnov, kpatara nke Napoleon echereghị maka skwodron, bu n'obi na-ebuga agha gafee mkpagide.

mmekota ụlọ

N'oge na-adịghị, na mmekota e kere si na-ekwu mmasị curbing na ike ike atụmatụ nke Napoleon. Ndị so na ya bụ Russia, Austria na England onwe ya. Otú ọ dị, ha ọrụ na-, itinye ya mildly, bụ mkpumkpu. England kpọmkwem òkè hostilities anabataghị, na ẹkekerede a ego nke ndị agha mmefu. Austria na-alụ agha, ma na bụrụkwa agha na agha duru 25 puku ndị agha, mgbe Russian e nwere 60 puku. N'ihi ya, na agha nke Austerlitz ya nile ibu dara na n'ubu nke Russian agha, nke Otú ọ dị, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ugboro ugboro.

The mbụ mmekota atụmatụ

Anyị ga-akwụ ụtụ ndị European atụmatụ. Ha mepụtara a nnọọ oké ọchịchọ plan ịkwụsị Napoleon nakwa na agha Austerlitz bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ nọgidere na na akwụkwọ. Dị ka ha na mmepe, na agha edinam kwesịrị e aka nnọọ ukwuu manpower karịa ka ọ dị n'ezie. Ihe atụ, na n'ebe ugwu nke Europe megide Napoleon si mmekorita - Denmark - e kwesịrị itinye fọrọ nke nta 100,000th Russian-English corpus.

Ọzọ mmekorita nke France - Bavaria - nọ na-awakpo ndị agha nke 85 puku Austrian agha n'okpuru iwu nke ama na oge nke General K. Mack. Iji nyere ya si Russia tinye n'ihu ndị agha M. I. Kutuzova. On top nke Austrian Archduke gwara, na-akụ na-French si n'ebe ugwu Italy, ka na-amalite a na-enwe mmeri Maachi na French ókèala. Ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ike na-aghọta dịkarịa ala, ọkara nke zubere, na ọrịa na-fated 1805 agha Austerlitz ga nnọọ-ebe. Ma eke ga nwere ya pụrụ nke ya onwe ya.

The ambitions nke Russian Emperor

N'ọtụtụ ụzọ ya na-eje ozi na-akpata ihe na mmeri nke oké mpako nke ahụ na-eto eto na-anụ ọkụ n'obi ambulances agha Lavrov Aleksandra I. Chief nke ụsụụ ndị agha MI Kutuzov bụ megide ọgụ. The Battle nke Austerlitz, n'echiche nke ya, ọ bụghị nanị na nnwụchu, ma ọdachi ndị jikọrọ aka. Ọ tụrụ aro ka a kpachaara anya nkpu anya, nke ga-enwe ike gbatịa dị ukwuu dị ka o kwere omume agha bụ ndị iro na-uru nke mbata nke reinforcements, ime ka ha na-agbawa obi na-efega na flanks.

The atụmatụ, a ezi uche, ma ọ bụghị ekwe ngwa ngwa na-ghar mmeri, a jụrụ na onye eze ukwu. Historians onye kpuchie ihe ndị a gasịrị, otu olu na-na-uche na, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ na agha nke Austerlitz Russian agha nyere n'iwu site Kutuzov n'ezie mkpebi e site Alexander. Ná mmalite agha na ume ha na-arụkọ - na Austrians, dị ka Vienna bụ na oge weghaara French, na ha na-agbalịsi na ya n'oge tọhapụ.

Kenkwucha atụmatụ nke Napoleon

Mgbe sitere agha agha ahu na akaghi aka, adịghị njikere na Ya mere na-ebibi nke Austerlitz na 1805, mgbe ahụ, maka Napoleon ọ bụ nanị nri kenkwucha mkpebi na-agbasokarị ọnọdụ n'oge ahụ. Zuru okè adabere na ọnọdụ, ọ malitere iji gbochie iro ichighaazu, ma si otú tightening nke agha ahụ. The French Emperor maara na òtù na-echere obibia nke ịrịba reinforcements si Prussia, njikere iso mgbochi Napoleonic mmekota.

Zuru ezu na-amụ Napoleon omume iji na-ọbọ nke a mgbaru ọsọ, anyị nwere ike na--tụrụ na otú aghụghọ ọ na-esetịpụrụ ya net. Miri eche eche na omume, o nwere ike ka o doo ndị Allied isi na ha adịghị ike, ekpebi, na ebumnuche ịdọrọ. Ọzọkwa, ọ ọbụna kpasue ha ka ha buru agha n'elu kpomkwem ndị ọnọdụ ndị na-aba uru ya.

Udo obodo Slovaks

The ala nke e agha Austerlitz na 1805, taa ekesịpde site na Czech Republic, na ebe ọ dị mgbe a Bavarian n'obodo nta, na nke nyere aha ya otu nke kasị ukwuu agha na akụkọ ihe mere eme, bi ugbu a a udo ndụ obere obodo dị na Slovakia. Njem, ozugbo e, ọ bụ ike iche na 210 afọ gara aga, ndị a na green ubi na ugwu nta bịara ọnụ atọ ike agha na Europe.

Enweghị na-aga n'ime nkọwa nke Agha nke Austerlitz na 1805, nke mmasị naanị agha, anyị na-arịba ama na isi nkebi nke agha. Ha bụ ndị mfe naghachi site ọtụtụ mmadụ hụrụ na sonyere na ihe ndị a. The ọzọ na agha ruo ọtụtụ afọ kemgbe isiokwu nke ọtụtụ isiokwu na-eme nnyocha.

The Battle nke Austerlitz: mkpirikpi banyere ya isi ihe

Ya mere, December 2, 1805. Ọ malitere ama agha Austerlitz igbu kpataara site allies n'aka nri ka iyi tojubigara ókè nke onye iro, ebe ndị agha nyere n'iwu site Marshal Davoust. Ịgbaso plan, mepụtara n'onwe ya site Napoleon, mgbe a nkenke eguzogide, ọ malitere agbahapụ, na-eme nke ha na-arụkọ ka mkpagbu na Anam Udeme ha n'ime apịtị larịị. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị French jisiri ukwu imeda etiti nke Allied agha.

Dị ka m kwuru na mbụ, na Agha nke Austerlitz Russian agha nyere n'iwu site Kutuzov, ma aka nke Alexander m, ọ bụ kpam kpam nke na-enweghị ụzọ. An nwetara ọchịagha maara na onye iro na-akwadebe a ọnyà, ma na-erubere eze ukwu ahụ, a manyere-ahụ wee counterattack na alaghachi azụ Marshal. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a omume Central ọnọdụ nke sitere agha dị mfe na-eri anụ ka onye iro.

Setting nke ekpe ka iyi tojubigara ókè nke Allied

Napoleon alaghị azụ ọgụ ndị ebelatawo ngalaba nke iku agha nke ọzọ nke ya a ma ama ọchịagha - Marshal Soult. Gịnị mere bụ na ụwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agha ndị a na-ukwuu mgbe kpọkwasịwo meriri nke ụsụụ ndị agha. Allied agha na bee site ọkara, ma onye ọ bụla nke akụkụ dị ka a n'ihi nke àmụmà-ngwa-ngwa eduzi nke onye iro gbara ya gburugburu na ebipụ na o kwere omume reinforcements.

Ma ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama mere eketịbede na a oge ala ekpe nku allies. Ịga n'ihu ndị iwe megide ndị agha n'okpuru iwu nke Marshal Davoust, ha nwetara n'ime a n'ezie akpa na nwụrụ n'okpuru arọ ọkụ nke French. Si ngụkọta mbibi wee nnapụta na oge na-azọpụta ha na Horse-eche ha nche, n'okpuru iwu nke General Ni Depreradovicha. Ha were iro ọkụ, na price nke ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahụ tara e nyere ohere pụọ ọkụ gburugburu akụkụ.

Agbahapụ, zọpụta ndị agha

Zere ọdachi egwu dị otú ahụ ikpe bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi iru ala na jisiri wepụ otu n'ime ndị kasị nwee ahụmahụ Russian ọchịagha D. S. Dohturova. Ọ bụ ike na-aghọta site na gburugburu ebe obibi na-ama kama thinning n'ohu ndị agha na-ahazi a ichighaazu, iji chebe ndị agha na-ọgụ readiness. Ma, Allied weere ndị buru ibu. Historians-eme atụmatụ na na na ụbọchị na n'ọgbọ agha na-ekpe emi anade 27,000 ndị mmadụ, na 21.000 n'ime ha bụ Russian.

Otú ọ dị, na-amụ ihe-nkọwa nke Agha nke Austerlitz na 1805, akụkọ ihe mere eme kweere na ọbụna karị weere pụrụ izere site n'ụzọ ziri ezi họọrọ direction na-apụ apụ. Na ekpe nku nke sitere agha bụ a dum na netwọk nke ponds, a na-akpọ Sychanske. Ha abụghị ndị miri emi, ma ọ bụ site na ha zigara alaghachi azụ agha, General Dokhturov. Mgbe ha na-arụkọ dechara ịgafe, ọ ghọrọ enweghị ike nke French-uta, onye kpebiri na ya agaghị na-achụso onye iro site mmiri mgbochi.

Ọgwụgwụ nke Third Coalition

French Agha nke Austerlitz eri 12,000 ndụ, ma agha ịga nke ọma na nke a agha ahu ha n'akụkụ, ha wee si na ya na-enwe mmeri. The bibie nke òtù ke ọtụtụ ụzọ gbanwere itule nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agha Europe. Site ugbu a, Napoleon Bonapart tụziri uche ya na-achị ndị isi ike. Enweghị ike iji naghachi n'aka na mmeri nke Austria nke agha site na ịbanye na nnọọ ọjọọ udo nkwekorita. The atọ mgbochi Napoleonic mmekota osụhọ ignominiously.

Mgbe ozi ọma nke mmeri ruru Russia, ọ na akpata oyi wụrụ dum na-aga n'ihu obodo. N'ime 100 afọ na agafeela kemgbe ọdachi nke Narva, ebe Peter m mara ilu nke meriri, ndị agha Russia e weere anwụ anwụ. Ebube Victorian oge nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizabeth na Catherine II mma ndị Russia na-kwere na invincibility nke ndị agha ya. Otú ọ dị, dị ka dịkọrọ ndụ lee ihe mwute ozi ọma emeghị tichapụnụ ịhụ mba n'anya spirit ma ọ bụ agha, ma ọ bụ ndị mmadụ.

Chịkọta a agha, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-agbalị iji zaa ajụjụ ahụ: ihe n'ikpeazụ merie na furu 1805, Napoleon? The Battle nke Austerlitz, na-ghọtara na mmeri nke ndị agha ya amamihe, o kweghị ka ya iji nweta isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ - mbibi zuru ezu nke ndị agha nke a ọjọọ mmekota. N'ihi na otu oge nke Napoleon ghọrọ akaike nke Europe, ma o ụbọchị ọ bụla apụghị izere ezere na-eweta ya nso Waterloo, ebe, na 1815, a kara ruo mgbe ebighị ebi tụgharịa kpakpando nke amamiihe Corsican.