The isi nhazi ọkwa nke steels na ya umu

alloy nke ígwè na carbon na a ọdịnaya nke karịa 2,14% na-akpọ ígwè. Root ígwè àgwà: ike, ductility, ike, ekwedo, anwụ ngwa ngwa, na ndị ọzọ. The isi nhazi ọkwa nke ígwè na-ekpebisi ike site na:

• Chemical mejupụtara.
• Structural mejupụtara.
• Quality nchara ma ọ bụ alloy (dabere na ego nke na-emerụ adịghị na a na usoro nke mmepụta).
• Ogo deoxidation.
• Oge akara aka.

chemical mejupụtara

Dabere na ego nke carbon na alloy mejupụtara iche carbon na alloy steels. The carbon ọdịnaya ma ụdị nwere nakwa ekpebi ha ihe ịrịba ama na-akanye na GOST. Nhazi ọkwa nke carbon ígwè ekewa:

• Nwayọọ (ọdịnaya nke C (carbon) bụ ihe na-erughị 0.3%).
• Sredneuglerodistoj (ọdịnaya C - si 0.3 ka 0,7%).
• High-carbon (ọdịnaya C - elu karịa 0,7%).

Iji mma nkà na ụzụ e ji mara nke alloy, ígwè alloyed. The alloy na ẹkenam ọzọ karịa isi mmiri na nwekwara, pụrụ iche chemical ọcha (nickel, chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, boron, vanadium, thallium, wdg) na-enye ihe integrated doping. N'aka nke ya, ndị nhazi ọkwa nke alloy steels ẹkenemede:

• Low alloy (nwere ihe na-erughị 2.5% nke mmiri nke alloy nchara).
• Srednelegirovannye (nwere si 2.5 ka 10% nke mmiri nke alloying nchara).
• High-alloy (nwere n'elu 10% nke mmiri nke alloy nchara).

Nhazi ọkwa nke steels maka bughi mejupụtara

Steel, gafere doping usoro ekewa ọmụmụ dị ka bughi mejupụtara. Ọdịdị nke ahụ alloy na-adabere na carbon ọdịnaya, alloying ọcha na obi jụrụ ọnụego mgbe kpo oku ka 900 ⁰S. E nwere ise ụdị bughi mejupụtara:

• A pearlitic alloy.
• Martensitic alloy.
• Austenitic alloy.
• Ferritic Alloy.
• Carbide alloy.

Nhazi ọkwa nke steels Quality

Dị ka mmepụta ọnọdụ (agbaze usoro, adịghị ọcha ọdịnaya) nke steels na alloys nwere ike ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ ige:

• Nkịtị quality (ọdịnaya nke S (sọlfọ)> 0,06%, P (site) <0,07%).
• Quality (ọdịnaya nke S (sọlfọ)> 0,04%, P (site) <0,35%).
• Elu àgwà (ọdịnaya nke S (sọlfọ)> 0.025%, P (site) <0,025%).
• Karịsịa elu mma (ọdịnaya nke S (sọlfọ)> 0.015%, P (site) <0,025%).

N'ihi na nkịtị quality steels gụnyere carbon, na-eri na nkà na ụzụ e ji mara nke ndị budata usụhọde steels klas ndị ọzọ.

Na chemical mejupụtara na qualitative umu nwere ike dị ka alloyed na carbon steels. Na mmepụta nke elu àgwà steels nzute ọzọ tiri n'ichepụta chọrọ.

Carbon ụdị nkịtị quality steels na àgwà na-ekpebisi ike site ogo deoxidation na agwa nke solidification ka a jụụ, ọkara gburu na mmiri ịgbọ agbọ.

Elu-edu na-elu-edu steels nwere nnukwu processability, mma ogo ihicha nke contaminants.

Nhazi ọkwa nke ígwè maka ya bipụta ya, nzube

Site nzube ígwè na nkewa n'ime:

• Instrumental.
• Structural.
• Steel pụrụ iche Njirimara.