The kasị conductive metal na ụwa

Uru ọla ozugbo kpebisiri ike site ha chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ Njirimara. N'ihe banyere ndị dị otú ahụ a ókè, dị ka eletriki conductivity, mmekọrịta bụghị otú n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ. Kasị conductive metal, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị na-egosi tụrụ na ụlọ okpomọkụ (+20 ° C), - silver. Ma elu na-eri egbochi ndị ojiji nke silver akụkụ eletriki na microelectronics. Silver ọcha na otú ahụ na ngwaọrụ metụtara nanị na ikpe nke aku na uba na chọrọ ozugbo.

The anụ ahụ pụtara nke conductivity

The ojiji nke dara eduzi nwere a ogologo guzo ihe mere eme. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị injinia na-arụ ọrụ ubi nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, na iji electric ike ruo ogologo oge iji chọpụta ihe maka wires, ọnụ, kọntaktị, biri ebi sekit mbadamba , na na. D. Chọpụta ndị kasị conductive metal na ụwa na-enyere ndị ahụ buru ibu na-akpọ electric conductivity.

Echiche azụ conduction eletriki eguzogide. Quantitative okwu conductivity metụtara na-eguzogide unit, na nke mba usoro nke nkeji (SI) tụrụ na ohms. Unit nke electric conductivity na SI - Siemens. Russian designation nke a unit - Lee, mba - S. Electric conductivity nke 1 cm òkè nwere electric netwọk na a na-eguzogide nke 1 ohms.

conductivity

Ọ jikoro ikike nke a umi kụziere eletrik akpọ conductivity. The kasị elu na nke a na-egosi nwere ihe ndị kasị conductive metal. Nke a mara ike kpebisie ike maka ihe ọ bụla umi ma ọ bụ na-ajụ instrumentally na nwere a ọnụọgụ okwu. Conductivity cylindrical eduzi unit ogologo na a unit cross-sectional ebe a na-metụtara resistivity nke onye na-eduzi.

System unit conductivity bụ Siemens kwa mita - S / m. Iji chọpụta nke nke ọla kasị conductive metal na ụwa, iji tụnyere ha conductivity, kpebisiri ike experimentally. Otu nwere ike ikpebi resistivity site a pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ - microohmmeter. Àgwà ndị a na-inverse.

conductivity nke ọla

The nnọọ echiche nke eletrik dị ka a gwara eruba n'ime ebubo ahụ yie ihe na adabako bekee dabeere na crystal lattices pụta ụwa ọla. N'Aka ebu mgbe ihe eletrik na ọla bụ free electrons na ion na-adịghị, dị ka ọ na-eme na mmiri mmiri media. E guzobere ya experimentally na mgbe a ugbu a apụtaghị na ọla particulate umi nyefe n'etiti eduzi.

Dara bekee si dị iche na ndị ọzọ ihe free nkekọ na atọm larịị. The n'ime metal ngwaọrụ e ji ọnụnọ nke ukwuu nke "kpọrọ" electrons. nke, mgbe ọ gụrụ nwetụrụ ụdị akpa agha eduzi eruba. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na ọla dị mma na-eduzi nke eletrik, na ndị dị otú ahụ molekụla interactions iche kasị conductive metal. Na atụmatụ nke crystal lattice Ọdịdị nke ọzọ metal ha dabere kpọmkwem Njirimara - elu okpomọkụ conductivity.

Elu nke kacha mma na-eduzi - ọla

4 metal enwe bara uru maka iji dị ka ọkụ na-eduzi na-ekesa na ndị na-esonụ iji nke ịdị ukwuu na-akwanyere ndị conductivity, tụrụ na cm / m:

1. Silver - 62,5 nde.
2. Ọla kọpa - 59,5 nde.
3. Gold - 45,5 nde.
4. Aluminum - 38 nde.

Ọ ga-hụrụ na ihe ndị kasị conductive metal - silver. Ma dị ka ọlaedo, ọ na-eji guzosie eletriki network naanị na pụrụ iche ikpe, kpọmkwem. Ihe kpatara - elu na-eri.

Ma ọla kọpa na aluminum - bụ ihe kasị nkịtị nhọrọ maka eletriki na cable ngwaahịa ruru ha ala iguzogide eletrik na affordability. Ọzọ ọla eji dị ka na-eduzi obere.

Ihe na-akpali ndị conductivity nke ọla

Ọbụna conductive metal ebelata ya conductivity mgbe e nwere ugbu ọzọ nwekwara na adịghị. Na alloys ọzọ karịa "dị ọcha" metal lattice Ọdịdị. Ọ dị iche mebiri nke symmetry, cracks na ndị ọzọ na ntụpọ. The conductivity na-ebelata mgbe ihere okpomọkụ na-abawanye.

Mụbara eguzogide pụta ụwa alloys na-eji na kpo oku ọcha. Ọ bụ ya mere maka imewe nke electric ọrụ ọcha, nichrome heaters na-eji, fechral na ndị ọzọ na alloys.

Kasị conductive metal - a dị oké ọnụ ahịa silver agaghịkwa eji site jewelers, coinage wdg Otú ọ dị, na Usoro na ngwá nke ya kpọmkwem chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ Njirimara na-n'ọtụtụ ebe na ... Dị ka ihe atụ, e wezụga iji ọnụ na aggregates na ala-eguzogide silver mkpuchi egbochi kọntaktị otu si ọxịdashọn. The pụrụ iche Njirimara nke ọla-ọcha na ya alloys mgbe ka ojiji nke ya ziri ezi, n'agbanyeghị na elu na-eri.