Ahụrụ anya sociology na Russia

Narị afọ nke 20, Western sociology akara a ịrịba evolushọn, otú ahụ ugbu a bụ a mgbagwoju usoro nke echiche, echiche, ụzọ na chepụtara. Ahụrụ anya sociology na-ezo aka dị mkpa echiche nke sociology narị afọ nke 20, na ozizi nke na-elekọta mmadụ esemokwu, bughi na ọtọ analysis, sociometry, ozizi atụ interactionism, echiche nke na-elekọta mmadụ mgbanwe na phenomenological sociology.

Ahụrụ anya sociology na-agụnye isi ihe abụọ ebe:

- Turu ahụrụ anya ọmụmụ na sociology, ọrụ ha bụ na-ebu research iji na idozi ihe bara uru, mma-kọwaa ihe aga-eme.

- Ọmụmụ ahụrụ anya ọmụmụ na sociology, ọrụ ha bụ guzobere ihe ọmụma sayensị banyere usoro nke na-elekọta ndụ ihe na kpọmkwem ebe a ga-eji dị ka methodological ndabere nke sociological nnyocha.

Ahụrụ anya sociology si nkera nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20 na-emepe emepe bụghị naanị na US kamakwa Western Europe. Representatives nke ahụrụ anya ụlọ akwụkwọ na-emetụta nnọọ a iche iche nke metụtara, ma isi nsogbu na-solvable n'ọnụ na methodological ndabere nke nnyocha, nakwa dị ka mmekọrita na nkwurịta okwu na mpịakọta nke etinyere na agụmakwụkwọ ebe.

Ahụrụ anya sociology na Russia mepụtara dị ka tupu mgbanwe (P.Petrazhitsky, M.Kovalevsky et al.) Ndien ke akpa afọ iri mgbe (A.Gastev, S.Strumilin, A.Todorsky, N.Antsiferov, A.Chayanov, I.Bobrovnikov, A.Boltunov, M.Kornev, M.Lebedinsky, V.Olshansky et al.). Ahụrụ anya Sociology na Russia na 20 afọ na-amụ nsogbu ọrụ nzukọ, na-amụba guzobe omenala, ụzọ ndụ na mmepụta, ọzụzụ nke etozu. Ná mmalite 30-ies eduzi ndị dị otú ahụ ọmụmụ kwụsịrị ma maliteghachi naanị na 70s (YuLevada, A.Zdravomyslov, I.Kon, G.Osipov, V.Rozhin ,, V.Shubkin, A.Harchev, V.Yadov et al.).

Taa mgbanwe visualizations ụkpụrụ nke ihe ọmụma. Dị ka ihe atụ, VA nsị mara Russian sociologist na-atụ aro ndị na-esonụ azum nke ahụrụ anya nnyocha dị iche iche n'ọnụ na-eru nso. Ọ obụp iwu na ndị dị otú a Nwa nke usoro iwu paradigms: na paradigm na sociology - bụ a sara mbara nghọta nke interrelationships nke dị iche iche chepụtara, gụnyere:

a) doo nke a nkịtị nkà ihe ọmụma azịza nke ajụjụ bụ "ihe bụ na-elekọta mmadụ";

b) doo nke a ụfọdụ ngụkọta nso nke nsogbu na-nyochaworo n'ime a akpan akpan paradigm;

c) ude nke ụfọdụ nkịtị ibiere ndaba na ntụkwasị obi nke na ụkpụrụ nke ihe ọmụma na mmekọrita na-elekọta mmadụ Filiks na phenomena.

Mmepe nke Russia na yskoy sociology enyocha atọ nkebi:

1st ogbo (60- 80s. Iri na itoolu na narị afọ.). E nwere a sociology na West na Russia, na, na. Ọ na-ahuta ka a sayensị, nke na-eji nkà mmụta ndị ọzọ dị ka a "nkwakọba" nke eziokwu dị mkpa maka mmepe nke ya iwu nke na-elekọta Ọnọdụ na statics. N'oge a, ma sociology mepụtara ka a obodo akwụkwọ, organicism, akparamaagwa: na socio-psychism na nke onye akwụkwọ.

Nke onye sociology kpụrụ ya kwuru tupu onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Ebumnobi bụ ọchịchọ na-arụ ụka echiche nke Russian populism na socialism.

psychological direction echiche enyoba oké mkpa ọrụ nke omenala ihe na-akpali akpali nke àgwà ụmụ mmadụ.

2nd ogbo (80 -. 90th 19 na.). N'oge a kpụrụ antipositivist echichi na Marxism. N'oge a M.M.Kovalevsky wepụtara ya na-arụ ọrụ "Sociology". Ọ ghọtara sociology dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị evolushọn na nzukọ nke ọha mmadụ. Ọ pụta ìhè na na sociology siri nwere njikọ chiri anya akụ na ụba, psychological, obodo ihe, ma ọ dịghị nke ha, n'otu oge, ọ dịghị bụrụkwa.

3rd ogbo (ruo 20-ies narị afọ nke 20). Eduga ụlọ akwụkwọ - neo. N'otu oge ahụ kpụrụ a "Christian sociology".

4th nzọụkwụ (C '80s nke narị afọ nke 20 ruo mgbe N.V.). A ọhụrụ ogbo, akara mgbanwe ná sociology, nke a ghọtara site otu nọọrọ onwe ha na sayensị.