The iwu nke thermodynamics

Thermodynamics - alaka nke physics nke na-amụrụ ibe mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ n'ime ije na Anglịkan. N'ịbụ a pụtara ọtụtụ ngalaba, nke akụkụ a nke Applied Physics ekewa iche iche subsections, nke na-agụnye:

1. Basic iwu nke thermodynamics.
2. Adọ ikwu n'ụzọ na thermodynamic Filiks.
3. Thermodynamic cycles na ndị ọzọ.

N'ezie, iwu nke thermodynamics - bụghị naanị na sub, ma postulates ndabere akpata na-amụ alaka nke physics. Na ngụkọta e nwere atọ thermodynamic mmalite.

Ka anyị tụlee ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

1. The mbụ iwu ma ọ bụ iwu nke thermodynamics. Mbụ, cheta na ume mgbe niile enyefere otu ụdị ọzọ. Gbanwee, dabere na ọnọdụ nke kinetic ka ikike na azụ, na ike nke usoro adịghị pụọ. Otú ọ dị, a dị mfe atụ nke pendulum, nke na-enye osooso, nkedo doro anya na nke a ozizi. Mgbe na-efegharị, nke pendulum nwere a kinetic ume, na oké njupụta ihe - nwere. Theoretically, dị otú a aga ga-enweghị ọgwụgwụ n'ime anya, ya bụ, na-enweghi ngwụcha. Na omume, anyị na-ahụ na ije na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-adakpọ, na pendulum akwụsị ya N'ezie. Na nke a emee n'ihi na ikuku na-eguzogide, nke na-akpata na esemokwu ike na ije. Dị ka a N'ihi nke ike nke na a gaara nyere pendulum osooso, na-eji merie ikuku mgbochi. N'ihi ya, okpomọkụ eme. Dị ka nwere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nkwusioru na ihere okpomọkụ adahade ruru ka jupụtara ngagharị nke pendulum molekụla umi na ikuku.

N'ezie, mbụ iwu nke thermodynamics na-mma mara dị ka iwu nke umu ihe nche nke ike. Ya mkpa bụ na ike na usoro adịghị akwụsị, ma naanị tọghatara si otu ụdị ọzọ, na mgbanwe site na otu ụdị ọzọ.

N'ihi na oge mbụ a yiri nke ahụ a kọwara ke ufọt ufọt iri na itoolu na narị afọ. K. Moore. O kwuru na ike nwere ike na-aga n'ime ọzọ na-ekwu: okpomọkụ, ọkụ eletrik, ngagharị, ndọta, wdg Ma, iwu e chepụtara naanị na 1847, Helmholtz, na abụọ na narị afọ ... ya ebubo na usoro E = mc2 e kenyere, bụ nke na-gụnyere Einstein nkwubi okwu.

2. The abụọ iwu nke thermodynamics, ma ọ bụ. Kpụrụ ke 1850, ọkà mmụta sayensị R. Clausius, ọ bụ ndị na-esonụ ama: esịtidem ike nkesa n'ime a mechiri emechi usoro dịgasị enweghị usoro nke mere na ọ bara uru ume na-ebelata, si otú amụba entropy.

3. Third Iwu ma ọ bụ Iwu nke Thermodynamics. N'iburu n'uche echiche na okpomọkụ bụ a jupụtara na random ije nke ụmụ irighiri, o nwere ike kwubiri na jụrụ usoro gụnyere a gụnyere ya ná ha emega ahụ. Entropy bụ efu n'ihe ebe ọ bụla random ije nke ụmụ irighiri na-kpam kpam kwụsịrị.

The zuru uru nke entropy nke umi nwere ike gbakọọ maara okpomọkụ ya na zuru efu. W. Nernst site ogologo na ọtụtụ nnyocha a chọpụtara na ihe niile crystalline ihe nwere otu okpomọkụ ikike: na zuru efu na hà efu. Nke a ọgwụgwụ bụ nke atọ iwu nke thermodynamics. Ịmara eziokwu a, ọ bụ omume na-tụnyere ndị entropy nke a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe na mgbanwe okpomọkụ.

E nwekwara a na-akpọ efu iwu nke thermodynamics, ọ aklyuchaetsya nke na-esonụ: okpomọkụ si kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ òkè nke dịpụrụ adịpụ usoro-emekọ niile ọcha. N'ihi ya, ihe karịrị oge, okpomọkụ na-kwekọọ na otu usoro.

The iwu nke thermodynamics - na nke ahụ bụ ihe ndị bụ isi mejupụtara ya nke sayensị nke na-arụzi ụgbọala. N'ihi na Nchoputa mere n'oge dị iche iche, n'oge a na sayensị na ọha mmadụ na-mma site mepụtara, ọtụtụ ígwè ọrụ.

The iwu nke thermodynamics bụ eluigwe na ala niile alaka nke na-arụzi ụgbọala.