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The mbụ na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin na Moscow
Mere Moscow a na-akpọ nkume ọcha? Azịza nke ajụjụ a, ka mmasị ndị njem, maara, ikekwe otu n'ime bi na ya, n'ezie hụrụ ya obodo na mpako nke ya ebube mere eme. Aha a isi obodo nyere ọcha-nkume Kremlin na Moscow na 1367 ewu. N'oge ogologo ọtụtụ narị afọ nke ya adị, ọ e wughachiri ọtụtụ ugboro na aghọwo a ezi ihe nnọchianya nke obodo, ya obi na otu n'ime ndị isi na-adọrọ mmasị.
Taa, Kremlin bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị mara mma ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensembles na ụwa, na ebe dị ihe dị 27 na ọkara acres. Anyị na-amụta ihe banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a magburu Ọdịdị.
Ndị mbụ biri na saịtị nke Kremlin. Moscow isi
The mbụ oge ochie niile na Kremlin itie bilie a nnọọ ogologo oge. Dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site na mgbe ochie gwupụtara, banyere ise puku afọ gara aga. Na ama ke VI na narị afọ AD e nwere pụtara mbụ Slavic ebo.
The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mbụ Kremlin
Kremlin akụkọ amalite a obere ka e mesịrị - afọ itoolu ka e mesịrị, mgbe Dolgoruky kpebie ewusi obodo site elu mgbidi. Ọ bụ a pine picket nsu, akwado site na a oke ụrọ aro ka ukwuu pụrụ ịdabere. Site n'ụzọ, ebe bụ maka ndị na-ewu a họọrọ site ohere. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na e wusiri ike na-nsogbu na a elu, gbara ya gburugburu na Moscow River na Neglinnaya. Nke a kwere oge ịhụ ndị iro na-enye ya. Ke adianade do, n'ugwu meghere nnọọ ọmarịcha anya nke gbara ya gburugburu ebe. Na-akpali mmasị, mbụ Kremlin ebe di hectare, na site ugbu a ya n'ókèala amụbawo fọrọ nke nta ugboro asatọ!
Otú ọ dị, a ịrịba drawback nke ebe e wusiri ike bụ na ọ e wuru na nke osisi, na otú ọ pụrụ ịdị mfe ọkụ n'oge na mberede ọkụ ma ọ bụ oku ogbugba. N'oge ọzọ ndị Kremlin e wughachiri na mmalite nke XIV narị afọ, mgbe Moscow Ivan Kalita iwu. Ọ nyekwara a otutu ego, oge na mgbalị na-ewusi ike na beautifying obodo. N'ihi na nke a ma nye iwu ka kwem ọhụrụ mgbidi. Ihe mgbochi ka anyị nnọọ ike rụrụ ha ike kacha ike na siri ike akpu orù. A ọhụrụ na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin na Moscow, e wuru na Dmitry Donskoy ọbụna mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ.
Moscow n'oge Dmitriya Donskogo
The esote onye na-achị nke Moscow bụ Prince Dmitry Donskoy. Ọ bụ nwa nwa Ivana Kality. Ọ maara na Dmitry Donskoy chua ifịk mba ọzọ amụma, ịgbasa na-ewusi ike ókèala Moscow. Ke adianade do, ọ e kwuru eme ihe ike raids nke Tatar-Mongol ìgwè. Ihe a niile na a ọhụrụ, ike nchebe.
Ke adianade do, dị ka ekwuola, ochie Kremlin e wuru nke osisi. Ya mere, ọ bụ ike zuru ezu iji nagide iro mbuso agha, ka nọgidere na-enweghị ka ọkụ. Na ọkụ nke mere na 1365, bibie obodo ahụ dum n'ala (na akụkọ kpọ aha-ya All Saints, dị ka malitere na Church of All Saints). O ebibi oak mgbidi Kremlin. Mgbe ahụ, na-echebe obodo, Dmitry Donskoy iwu na-ewu a na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin na Moscow. Year nke malitere na-ewu - 1367. Nke a na-e kwuru na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị nke oge a.
Construction nke na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin
N'ihi ya, ndị na-ewu na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin na Moscow malitere. N'oge oyi ya ụgbọala ihe na-ewu ebe ewusiri ike. White nkume gwuru maka owuwu na Moscow region, iri atọ kilomita site n'obodo. Ọ dịwo eji na Russia na bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu ihe. The nkume ọcha bụ a inogide na mara mma, ma ya mmepụta bụ ike, na nke nna ukwu nke ikpe ole na ole. Ya mere, ọ na-adịghị ọtụtụ mee.
White Stone Kremlin na Moscow, bụ ndị mbụ dị otú ahụ ụlọ ke Suzdal. Ya na-ewu malitere mgbe niile ihe ndị dị njikere, na spring 1367. N'okpuru mgbidi nke ọhụrụ e wusiri ike tọgbọrọ a ntọala siri ike, nke obi ụtọ na-ka na-anọchi taa.
owuwu nke na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin na Moscow (- 1368 ẹkụre) e rụrụ ngwa ngwa. Nke a ngwa ngwa bụ kpamkpam ziri ezi. N'ezie, ntakịrị oge mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke na-ewu na Moscow a wakporo ndị agha nke Lithuanian Grand Duke Algirdas. Ọ we guzo n'ihi na ụbọchị atọ n'okpuru mgbidi Kremlin, ma na-ebe e wusiri ike na enweghi ike. Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara, Algirdas ọzọ wakporo obodo, ma o nweghị isi.
Na 1382 na ebe me wusiri ike na brutally wakpoo Tokhtamysh, nke mere ka ya oké mmebi, ma mgbe ọ na-e kpamkpam weghachiri eweghachi. Ya mere, na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin ụlọ, na-enweghị a doro anya, ihe ndị pụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme omume ahụ na-enwe mmetụta ndị n'ihu mmepe nke obodo ahụ na guzobere dị ka a center nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks na obibi nke Grand isi.
Ọ na-eyi dị ka a nkume ọcha Kremlin?
N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ bụghị ime akwụkwọ ozi ka ụbọchị na otú anya mbụ na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin na Moscow. Onyeikpe nke na naanị ike ịbụ n'ihi na ndị na-akọ si emere n'ubọchi na ihe osise A. M. Vasnetsova.
Ọ maara na nkume mgbidi na elu na-wuru na a dịtụ anya site ochie ụlọ. Ya mere, Kremlin n'ókèala amụbawo nke ukwu. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke mgbidi site atụmatụ ụfọdụ ruru abụọ - atọ mita. The ọrụ nke na-azara ọnụ ngwá ịrụ a dum ekpe mmiri juru, site na nke na-ejikọta ndị ọdịiche.
Mgbidi na-arụnyere loopholes na ha nọ na-emechi ike osisi mbadamba. Six elu e wuru a ngafe-uzọ-ama. N'ime Neglinnaya River e ẹsịn mbụ nkume akwa na Moscow. Mgbe a ọkara narị afọ na ya ebe anyị na-wuru a Atọ n'Ime Otu, nke ka na-anọchi taa.
Mgbe ẹkụre-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin ghọrọ onye kasị ike ebe siri ike na Europe. Site n'ụzọ, ebe n'oge fọrọ nke nta ka ruru taa.
Otú iwu a ọhụrụ Kremlin?
Banyere 150 afọ guzo na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin na Moscow. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ na e nọchibidoro ma nagide di ọku agha. Ma ha na-akpatara onwe oké njọ mmebi na mbibi, Otú ọ dị, dị ka ugboro ugboro oku. The ebe e wusiri ike mgbidi n'ọtụtụ ebe, eyi ma agaghịkwa enwe ike ịrụ ya na-echebe ọrụ.
Ya mere, na nkera nke abụọ nke XV narị afọ, n'oge ọchịchị nke Ivan atọ, malitere a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ nhazigharị nke Kremlin. N'ihi na nke a maara nke ọma Italian nwe a kpọrọ Moscow. The ebe e wusiri ike e wughachiri nwayọọ nwayọọ, na saịtị nke ochie na-acha ọcha mgbidi e wuru ọhụrụ, red brick ụlọ. Ke ofụri ofụri, Kremlin nwughari were afọ iri. Ọzọkwa wughachi ụlọ nsọ, na Cathedrals. N'ihi ya, e guzobere oge a na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọdịdị nke Kremlin.
Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ na-reconstructed ọtụtụ ugboro. The mbụ E mere mgbanwe ndị n'oge ọchịchị Boris Godunov, mgbe ahụ, n'okpuru Peter I. Great mbibi emewo ka Kremlin Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke 1812. Ke enye ama mere ọtụtụ mweghachi-arụ ọrụ. N'okpuru Soviet na-achị, ndị Kremlin ugboro ugboro wughachi, na ụlọ elu mma na kpakpando, na na oghere na awụnyebeghị Tsar egbe ala na Tsar Bell.
Moscow nkume ọcha
White Stone Kremlin na Moscow guzo fọrọ nke nta ka ọkara narị afọ. Ọ tachiri obi ihe karịrị otu ihe ike agha na onye iro nnọchibido, reliably ichebe obodo si iro. Ọ bụ ekele nke a wusiri ike Moscow ka enwetara aha "nkume ọcha". Site n'ụzọ, ọ bụ ya ugbu a. Ma ole na ole maara na ndị Kremlin nọgidere "na-acha ọcha nkume" narị afọ anọ mgbe ọ e wuru ọhụrụ mgbidi red brick.
Nke a pụrụ iche na eziokwu nwere a dị mfe nkọwa. The mgbidi nke ebe e wusiri ike n'ụzọ pụrụ iche whitened ruo XIX narị afọ. Na otu aka, nke a bụ n'ihi nchegbu maka nchekwa nke brick, ndị ọzọ na - na ọ bụ a ụdị ụtụ mbụ nkume Kremlin n'okpuru Dmitry Donskoy wuru. Ihe atụ, o ẹwụtde ke ọchapụ kwaaji P. P. Vereschagina, kere 1879.
Kremlin taa
Ụbọchị ndị a na Kremlin bụ obibi nke president. Na 1997, a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu mweghachi e rụrụ n'ime ya. Na N'ezie nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụlọ na owuwu nke Kremlin e weghachiri. Ugbu a na isi Orthodox ememe e nwere ukwu ọrụ, na na ókèala nke ebe e wusiri ike na ngosi ihe mgbe ochie eduzi njegharị.
Na ma eleghị anya taa abụghị niile na-echeta na-acha ọcha-nkume Kremlin na Moscow, e wuru na Dmitry Donskoy, ma amaala bi nke isi obodo mara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ha na ndị mpako nke ya.
na-akpali eziokwu
- The ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble nke Red Square na Kremlin bụ na ndepụta nke World Cultural Heritage site UNESCO.
- Ọ bụrụ na a ole na ole narị afọ gara aga, ebe ewusiri ike mgbidi e tere nzụ, ma ugbu a ha mgbe ụfọdụ ntụpọ na-acha uhie uhie na agba.
- The Kremlin bụ Europe kasị ukwuu ẹnịm ebe e wusiri ike bụ ka a pụrụ isi kwuo.
- Na 1941, mgbidi na-ese windo. E mere nke a iji na-mkpu na ebe e wusiri ike residential ewu.
White Stone Kremlin na Moscow maka ndụ ya enwetela ọtụtụ mgbanwe, ma ọ ka a nnọchianya nke Moscow na a ezi mkpuru nke obodo ije.
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