The mkpụrụ vaịn na-arịa ọrịa? Ebù: ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa, na-akpata na mgbochi

Kasị vine ọrịa ike na-ebibi a akuku ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ belata quality e ji mara nke tomato. N'ihi nke a, na-agha megide ha dị oké mkpa. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrịa a kasị ebù nke mkpụrụ vaịn. Ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa a na-rụrụ dị na usoro nke na-agha megide fungal-efe efe nke osisi.

Osisi ọrịa - a n'ihi ihe nke ibute ọrịa. Ihe mere maka mmepe nke pathogenic germs nwere ike ịbụ ngafe (ọrịa) ike osisi microorganisms si ndidi. Dị ka mmepe nke ọrịa na-emetụta ndị na ihu igwe, ala e ji mara na ndị ọzọ ọnọdụ uto nke kụrụ. Microorganisms, pests nwere ike ịzụlite na ala ahụ mebiri emebi ebe nke osisi ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ọjọọ ọnọdụ ihu igwe. The kasị dị ize ndụ ndị ezinụlọ Vinogradov bụ parasitic fungal ntule. Fungal osisi ọrịa mere site na-emerụ nje ndị ọzọ.

Na-echebe mkpụrụ vaịn: ọrịa na ọgwụgwọ nke epupụta ábụbà ebù

Special ize ndụ nke fungal na ọrịa bụ ngwangwa mgbasa nke ọrịa. Ha na-enwe ike ime ka ọkpụrụkpụ ojoo osisi ruo ọtụtụ izu ma na akọrọ vine maka 1-2 a kara aka. Ọnụego nke mgbasa nke ọrịa na-adabere na ụdị ọrịa na ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Ka ihe atụ, ebù (a ero nke epupụta ábụbà ebù) na-na-ekesa na udu mmiri, na na mgbe oidium (ero untsinuly mkpụrụ vaịn) n'oge development kpamkpam akwụsị na mmiri ozuzo.

Jikoro megide ọrịa ga-gaa na akaụntụ ahụ njupụta nke ọrịa na-eto eto na mpaghara. N'etiti na ndịda nke Russia na-arịa ọrịa grape ebù. Ọgwụgwọ nke fungal-efe efe bụ dị ka ndị:

• mgbochi - spraying nke mgbochi fungal ọgwụ ọjọọ, kwachaa-enweghị isi Ome, garter vine mwepụ nke ọrịa akwụkwọ na alaka, mwepụ nke ata, etc.;.
• ịnọgide na-enwe na ime ugbo ndabere;
• na-egbochi mgbasa nke ọrịa osisi na mkpụrụ osisi - kwarantaini.

Ebù - kasị dị ize ndụ fungal ọrịa

Ebù - ebù, nke nje bụ a ero plazmopara vitikolya. Nke a na ụdị ọrịa bụ kasị dị ize ndụ European grape iche. Parasitic organism emetụta ọ bụla akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ vine: deciduous cover, vegetative akụkụ, buds na mkpụrụ osisi.

Ọkụkụ buds na tomato, ero kpamkpam ebibi ihe ubi. Deciduous vine ekpuchi n'okpuru nduzi nke ero takọọ ahụ, e nwere ya subsidence. The nkọ iju ke ebe nke akwukwo elu disrupts kwesịrị ekwesị chaa nke mkpụrụ. Berry bushes ọrịa ida ha ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ uru na ato uto mere wine si ha a utoojoo uto. Ndidi vine chara n'onwe merụsịrị, ọ dị njọ na-emetụta ndị na-eguzogide ohia oyi oyi.

Ero, na-emetụta ndị na osisi, karịsịa ngwa ngwa na-emepe emepe na-eto eto inflorescences na iche iche peduncles ma ọ bụ ridges. Ọrịa ebe-atụgharị aja aja, ihe nile nke ovary na inflorescences na-n'okpuru anwụ. N'okpuru nduzi nke mmiri ozuzo ero ifịk ifịk na-agbasa ma na-ebibi osisi.

The nkesa okwu nke ebù

Fungal ọrịa overwinters ka spores na adawo grape epupụta na ala. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, mgbe n'ala na-aghọ nnọọ mmiri na okpomọkụ na-nọ na maka 7-8 ụbọchị na 10 degrees, e nwere ọzịza na Germination nke fungal spores.

Mgbe ha nọ a iru mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ mmiri ozuzo puddles, ha na-amalite ifịk ifịk na-eto eto. Na usoro ha na-etolite a dị ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke e guzobere zoospores (zoosporangia). Mgbe zoospores ii, ha na-ebu site na ifufe na bushes, na ero amalite nje ibunye grape-epupụta ábụbà ebù. Ọgwụgwọ, nkọwa nke ọrịa na ya mgbochi ga-atụlekwu.

Description ebù

Anya, mmepe nke ọrịa na-amalite na obere patches nke odo, ka oge na-ekpuchi ebe ahụ nile nke mpempe akwụkwọ. Ihe na-egosi mgbasa nke ọrịa bụ ọdịdị nke na-acha ọcha na egbe na ala akụkụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ kpụrụ mgbe mmiri ozuzo. Nje epupụta atụgharị odo na ịnwụ kpamkpam. Ghọta ebù na vine nwere ike ịbụ na tụrụ dị ka obere ntụpọ brownish hue.

Ihe kasị dị ize ndụ na-anọchite anya microorganism na-eto eto inflorescences, dị ka a kpụrụ na ha n'elu sporulation nke ero. Young buds n'okpuru nduzi nke epupụta ábụbà ebù na-egbu - na tomato bụ nwa, iwe na crumble. Mgbasa nke ọrịa a na-kwụsịrị na a akọrọ ọkụ ihu igwe, ikuku okpomọkụ n'elu 30 degrees.

General iwu ịchịkwa ọrịa

Ọ bụrụ na ebù oria mkpụrụ vaịn, na usoro ọgwụgwọ rụrụ site spraying ọgwụ ahụhụ, na-ebibi ihe bụ isi foci nke ibute ọrịa. Tupu grape amalite oge ntoju, bushes sprayed na-emegide fungal ogige. The ọzọ ogbo nke spraying amalite ozugbo mmalite nke okooko na ọdịdị nke obere tomato (na size of a egwuregwu isi). Tụlee ụzọ nke na-emeso ndị ọrịa ọzọ.

Ụzọ nke counteracting ebù

The isi ogbo nke nzukọ nke na-alụ bụ iji hụ ọnọdụ ndị na-egbochi mmepe nke ọrịa. Ofufe Ọrịa, na-akwalite mmepe nke ebù, bi na keguru mmiri ebe ndị dị larịị, nke ogologo e-egbu oge mmiri ozuzo puddles, igirigi ma foogu. The mgbagwoju agronomic ọrụ na-eme ka a mma aeration nke osisi na-egbochi ìgwè oké mmiri nso vine.

Dị ka e kwuru, ebù spores overwinter na adawo grape epupụta. Na mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe owuwe ihe ubi, doo ga-akpọ.

Spraying vine nsị, na-egbu dịkwa ka usoro ha, - kasị dị irè ụzọ iji chebe owuwe ihe ubi. Dị ka a na-achị, ha na-ji 1% ngwọta nke mmiri mmiri Bordeaux. Iji tinye mbụ spraying a ngwọta nke 0,5%, ụdi nhazi a rụrụ na-amụba ịta nke si 0,75% na 2%. The ala ọdịnaya nke nọ n'ọrụ umi adịghị enye a ngwọta nke antifungal apa ọkụ epupụta na Ome na-na-oria na grape-epupụta ábụbà ebù. Ọgwụgwọ (foto n'okpuru egosi usoro) na-agụnye spraying vine tank ngwakọta iji mgbochi ọrịa.

Antifungal ịgba ngwakọta mkpụrụ vaịn

E nwere dị iche omenala ụzọ na ọgwụ ọjọọ mbuso-epupụta ábụbà ebù nke mkpụrụ vaịn. Ọgwụgwọ ndiife ịgba akwụkwọ dị irè ka mgbochi. Irè usoro ọgwụgwọ - ịgba ngwọta nwere ifịk chemical mmiri. Antifungal ngwọta nwere zinc na ọla kọpa sulfate. The kasị ngwa ngwa na irè gị n'ụlọnga bụ Bordeaux ọmụmụ ịgba-aba n'anya.

Mixtures nwere dị iche iche na mmiri maka spraying osisi, a na-akpọ tankị. Tank mixes maka ọgwụgwọ nke epupụta ábụbà ebù nke mkpụrụ vaịn nwere n'ọrụ umi - ọla kọpa sulphate. Bordeaux ngwakọta nkwusioru ọmụmụ mejupụtara slaked wayo na lime mmiri na ọla kọpa sulfate.

Njirimara nke nọ n'ọrụ akụrụngwa Bordeaux ngwakọta

Ọ ga-eti na ngwọta bụ na a ịta nke karịa 3% nke ọla kọpa sulfate bụ ike ọkụ n'elu grape epupụta. Main ugbu a akụrụngwa Bordeaux ọmụmụ e ji mara ngwangwa mgbasa na mmiri, otú ahụ ka mmiri ozuzo na obere okwu ọgwụgwọ ngwakọta E wepụrụ na-ebupụta nke vine.

Iji ọla kọpa sulfate ngwọta dị ka ogologo dị ka o kwere jide n'elu nke osisi, ọ ga-bụghị-agwakọta ya na mmiri na mmiri ara ehi nke wayo. Wayo neutralizes acidic ọla kọpa sulfate mmiri mmiri na-aghọ viscous na nnyapade. Ịnọgide na-agbaso vine epupụta, a umi ẹkenịmde maka ogologo n'elu n'okpuru nduzi nke mmiri ozuzo.

Iji ihe n'ụzọ dị irè mbuso ebù nke mkpụrụ vaịn, na ọgwụgwọ ga-rụrụ n'aka, nke ka nke na nkà na ụzụ na ụkpụrụ. Uru nwere qualitative e ji mara niile mmiri.

Ịbịaru anya ka Isi nọ n'ọrụ akụrụngwa - ọla kọpa sulfate, ị kwesịrị ị na-ahụ na ntụ ntụ anaghị nwere adịghị atọ ndị ọzọ, na ya na agba bụ na-egbuke egbuke-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Wayo maka ihe ngwọta maka ma hydrated na quicklime. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mma na-arụ quenching na usoro nke na ngwọta nkwadebe. Ọ svezhegashenoy lime enye mma adhesion nke ọgwụ na n'elu nke grape epupụta.

Otosịrị iru Bordeaux ngwakọta ngwọta

All preparations maka ọgwụgwọ nke epupụta ábụbà ebù na mkpụrụ vaịn nwere a gaghị agara mma ịta nke nọ n'ọrụ akụrụngwa. Ịta nke ọla kọpa sulfate na ngwọta Bordeaux ngwakọta nwere ike mbio 0,5% na 3%, a elu ọdịnaya nke nọ n'ọrụ umi apa ọkụ epupụta. Iji kwadebe 10 lita a nkwadebe na a ịta nke 1% n'ọrụ mgwa ga-100 g nke quicklime , na otu ọla kọpa sulfate. Ịgwakọta a rụrụ na a akpa, nke ihe onwunwe bụ eguzogide chemical Jeremaya mere na anaghị eme na mmiri nke na ngwọta. The kasị mma nhọrọ - iko ma ọ bụ seramiiki akpa adịghị anakwere iji galvanized ma ọ bụ metal containers.

Iji kwadebe ngwakọta E jiriwo otu liter nke ọla kọpa sulphate na mmiri ọkụ. Ozugbo ntụ ntụ na-etisasịwo, na-wụsara n'ime arịa ka ọzọ 5 lita mmiri oyi. Iche iche, 100 g nke emenyụ mee njikere lime, mgbe nke fọdụrụ mmiri na-agbakwunyere na olu nke ngwa agha 5 lita. The nkwadebe nke lime iyo. Ihe mmiri ara ehi nke wayo na-kwukwara nwayọọ nwayọọ a ngwọta nke ọla kọpa sulfate. The usoro nke jikọta mmiri na-esonyere mgbe nile akpali akpali.

Ọ ga-ekele na lime slurry na kwukwara a ngwọta nke ọla kọpa sulfate, ọ bụghị Anglịkan. Na unreduced sequencing dapụtara nkwusioru ga na-adịghị ike na Iguzogide ebù, ifịk ifịk mmiri ga-adaba sedimenti.

Njirimara kwesịrị ekwesị kwadebere Nwa

Bordeaux ọmụmụ ihe ngwọta nke na-akwadebe dị na nkà na ụzụ nwere a-acha anụnụ anụnụ na agba na ndị mucosa Ọdịdị, agbaso mkpịsị aka. Agba nwere ike egosi ịta nke nọ n'ọrụ umi. Ka ihe atụ, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-egosi na ọla kọpa sulphate na-kwukwara na ngafe, na site spraying mmiri mmiri ọkụ grape epupụta.

Vaịn epupụta ábụbà ebù na-arịa ọrịa? Ọgwụgwọ: otú mepụta nhazi Bordeaux ngwakọta?

Ọ ga-eti na ọ bụ nanị adabara maka ọgwụgwọ nke a freshly kwadebere ngwọta nke mkpụrụ vaịn. Bordeaux ngwakọta mgbe nchekwa na-efunari bara uru Njirimara na-aghọ na-anọpụ iche na fungal nje ndị ọzọ.

Ọ bụrụ na visual nnyocha gosiri na enwe grape-epupụta ábụbà ebù, ọgwụgwọ nke Bordeaux ngwakọta ngwọta bụ ezigbo ngwọta. Iji hụ na nchekwa nke esie pụtara na ọ na nkenke tinye metal ntu. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ewepụ ntu, na ọ na-agaghị kpuchie a aka, ihe ngwọta dị mma maka osisi. Ọdịdị nke ezi mkpụrụ n'elu nke ntu-ekwu banyere ndị ogbenye mma nke mmiri mmiri Bordeaux na elu ọdịnaya nke nọ n'ọrụ mgwa. Na nke a, ọ ga-n'ihu jiriwo lime ngwa agha.

Otú ọ dị, ibutere mkpụrụ vaịn nwekwara ike Bordeaux ngwakọta kwadebere dị na nkà na ụzụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị spraying a rụrụ na a na-ekpo ọkụ ụbọchị nke soro ozuzo. Iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke Burns na osisi, na nhazi a na-eme na ala ma ọ bụ mgbe anyanwụ dara.

Prevention of malitere ịrịa na fungal ọrịa nke mkpụrụ vaịn

The kacha mmetụta e nyere na-eme iji gbochie fungal na malitere ịrịa ọrịa na. Mgbochi mmezi a rụrụ na a oge nke atọ kara aka: mmiri, okpomọkụ ma n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ. N'oge a, growers mmiri bushes, bee vine ma welie ala ọmụmụ, fertilizing ala.

Tupu spraying mkpụrụ vaịn mkpa iji wepụ mebiri emebi epupụta, ubi mmezi Ome, na tie mkpara. Mkpofu n'ụdị nje epupụta na Ome nke ọrịa bụchaghị ọkụ iji gbochie ibute ọrịa development.

Ilekọta mkpụrụ vaịn tupu owuwe ihe ubi

Ọ dị oké mkpa iji na-eso ọgwụgwọ nke epupụta ábụbà ebù na mkpụrụ vaịn na July. N'oge okpomọkụ, tupu owuwe ihe ubi, growers ịrụ isi spraying bushes. Eserese nhazi ngwọta Bordeaux ngwakọta - bụla 3 izu, malite site na mmalite nke July. Spraying mkpụrụ vaịn antifungal ọgwụ ọjọọ agwụ na akpa urua August na-adịghị mụụrụ tupu trimming vine.