The ọbara usoro nke azụ

The ọbara usoro bụrụ naanị ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ụdị ọ bụla, nakwa dị ka cartilaginous azụ, nwere otu Ọdịdị. Ke idem, ha na-ewetara naanị otu mgbasa. Schematically, na ngalaba nke ọbara usoro nke azụ na-eso yinye consecutive akụkụ: obi, abdominal aorta, na akwara na gills, dorsal aorta, akwara, capillaries na veins.

Heart azụ nwere nanị abụọ ụlọ na a na-na-emegharị, dị ka ihe ndị ọzọ, na-eje ozi dị ka kewara ọbara, oxygen-mma ọbara na-adịghị oxygenated. Structurally obi mejupụtara anọ ime-ulo ndokwa otu n'azụ nke ọzọ. All ndị a, ụlọ ndị jupụtara a pụrụ iche venous ọbara, na onye ọ bụla nke akụkụ nke obi nwere ya aha - venous imi infundibulum, atrium na ventricle. Heart ngalaba na-kewapụrụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ site na a valvụ, na-eme ka ọbara mgbe mbenata obi muscle nwere ike kpaliri naanị na one direction - ntụziaka si imi venosus na infundibulum. The ọbara usoro nke azụ bụ ndokwa dị otú ahụ n'ụzọ na oruru ọbara a rụrụ nanị nke a na ọ bụghị ụzọ ọzọ.

The ọrụ nke ọwa nke nkesa aka ahu nke azụ nri na oxygen na-arụ ọrụ na-akwara na akwara. Akwara ebu ọbara iga ọrụ nke obi na veins - n'obi. The akwara nwere oxygenated (oxygenated) ọbara na veins na - obere oxygen-ọgaranya ọbara (deoxygenated).

Venous ọbara aga n'ime a pụrụ iche venous imi, mgbe nke ugbu a na-anapụta ndị atrium na ventricle nke abdominal aorta. Abdominal aorta tinyere gills anọ na abụọ nke efferent akwara. Ndị a akwara gbasaa n'ime a plurality nke capillaries na mesho filaments. Ọ bụ na mesho capillaries na e gas mgbanwe usoro, mgbe nke ahụ capillaries jikota n'ime efferent branchial akwara. Efferent akwara nke dorsal aorta.

Nso ka isi alaka nke dorsal aorta rue n'ime carotid akwara. Ọbara usoro na-agụnye nkerisi azụ nke ọ bụla na-carotid akwara abụọ ọwa - esịtidem na mpụga. The esịtidem carotid akwara bụ maka na inweta ọbara ụbụrụ, mgbe ná mpụta na-eje ozi dị ka a inweta ọbara ndị visceral akụkụ nke okpokoro isi.

N'ebe azụ nke azụ ahụ aortic mgbọrọgwụ jikota n'ime otu dorsal aorta. Sequentially si ya ramify unpaired na paired akwara ndị gara na ọbara usoro nke azụ na akụkụ a nke na-enye ọbara ahụ somatic ngalaba na mkpa esịtidem akụkụ. Agwụ dorsal aorta caudal akwara. All akwara alaka ụlọ ọrụ n'ime ọtụtụ capillaries, nke na-ewe ebe usoro nke na-agbanwe agbanwe ihe ndị mejupụtara ọbara. Na capillaries n'ime venous ọbara na-aghọ.

Ọcha nke ọbara na ya n'ihu ugbu a rụrụ dị ka ndị a. Na isi ọbara na-lekwasị ke ebe nke n'ihu isi veins, na ala nke isi ngalaba na-aga na jugular veins. Inyịme si isi na ọdụ nke Vienna, ndị nọ n'azụ na-kewara abụọ n'akụkụ - ekpe na nri gbasara akụrụ portal akwara. Ọzọkwa, ekpe ámá Vienna alaka akpụ capillary usoro, nke na-etolite a portal gbasara akụrụ usoro na ekpe. Kasị bụrụ naanị ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ azu umu nke ọbara usoro e mere na nri akụrụ Portal usoro a na-emekarị belata.

Site ọbara usoro nke azụ akụrụ ese ọbara n'ime uji eze nke posterior kadinal akwara. Front, n'azụ, na kadinal veins n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla nke ozu jikọrọ ọnụ na-akpọ Cuvier ducts. Cuvier ducts n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla na-jikọọ na venous imi. N'ihi ya, ọbara Nkea si esịtidem akụkụ ugbu aga n'ime hepatic portal akwara. Na imeju ụzọ usoro a branched n'ime a plurality nke capillaries. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị na capillaries jikọrọ ọnụ ọnụ ọzọ na-etolite na hepatic akwara, nke na jikọọ na venous imi.