The obodo envelopu nke mbara ala Earth

Natural ike n'ezi ihe na mgbagwoju owuwu esịnede interconnected na interpenetrating onye ọ bụla ọzọ mpụga terrestrial shells nke obodo sayensị e nyere aha "obodo cover." Ya mmiri bụ * Tụkwasị na n'ígwé nke na-achịkwaghị ike, esịnede nke ala n'ígwé nke ikuku, na elu n'ígwé nke lithosphere, hydrosphere, na Biosphere ha nile di iche iche. Nanị tinye, obodo shei - ọ bụ n'ụlọ mmadụ, Ụwa ikuku, nke anyị na-niile na-adị.

Ịdị n'otu na omume shei akụrụngwa

The mmiri nke ụwa shei bikọta mgbe niile emekọ ọ bụla ọzọ. Penetrating n'ime oké nkume nke lithosphere, mmiri na ikuku na-aka na usoro nke weathering nke Ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ ma na-agbanwe ya na onwe gị. The ahụ nke oké nkume na-akpọlite n'ime ikuku ahụ ka oké ifufe n'oge mgbawa ugwu eruptions. Ọdịdị nke ahụ anụ ahụ nke ndụ na-agụnye minerals na mmiri, a otutu salts etisasịwo ke hydrosphere. Na usoro nke nkụ nke ndu eme ntule ala shei nwetaghachi ụwa guzobere.

Ike na shei ókè

Shei gburugburu ụwa nwere dịghị doro anya ókè. Mgbe e jiri ya tụnyere size nke mbara ala ala shei bụ a mkpa film nke a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 55 km (nkezi shei).

Njirimara nke ụwa shei

The na mmekọrịta nke mmiri ya mejupụtara, ala shei nwere ọtụtụ Njirimara na ndị pụrụ iche na ya. Umi nime ya na-egosi na atọ dị iche iche na-ekwu: siri ike, mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ gaseous. Ọ dị mkpa nke ukwuu n'ihi na niile Filiks na-eme na ụwa, na karịsịa maka ntoputa nke ndụ. Naanị ala shei O kere ihe niile ọnọdụ maka ịdị adị na mmepe nke ọha mmadụ. Ọ nwere ikuku na mmiri, anyanwụ na-okpomọkụ na ìhè, na nkume na mineral, ala, osisi, anụmanụ na nje ụwa.

Akakabarede nke okwu na ume na obodo envelopu

Na integrally ejikọrọ mmiri ala shei krugovoratami okwu na ume, nke a rụrụ site na nọgide na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha. Ya nile ebe, e nwere metabolic Filiks: na ikuku - ikuku uka na hydrosphere - mmiri, na Biosphere - ndu ma ịnweta ihe onwunwe. Ọbụna na-adịgide adịgide mgbanwe ime na Earth jikọrọ ọnụ: magmatic nkume na-weathered igneous na sedimentary ụdị, nke, n'aka, converted n'ime metamorphic nkume. N'okpuru ikpeazụ gbazee na magma nke Earth-emetụta esịtidem ike nke na-Monster na crystallizing, enye ịrị elu ọhụrụ strata nke igneous nkume. Chief n'etiti circulations nke ikuku na-akpụ akpụ na troposphere, nke a rụrụ na kwụ na vetikal ntụziaka. Movement nke ikuku uka na-adọta ndị zuru ụwa ọnụ mgbanwe usoro hydrosphere. Ndu okirikiri bụ guzobe nke ịnweta ihe, mmiri na ikuku organics ndụ ntule migrating mgbe ọnwụ na decomposition nke a ịnweta umi. Cycles adịghị etolite a mechiri emechi gburugburu, onye ọ bụla ọzọ abụghị ka gara aga otu, na n'ihi na ndị a ugboro ugboro cycles na a na agbanwe agbanwe usoro nke metabolism na ume, na obodo envelopu nke Earth bụ mgbe niile evolving na niile nke ya constituent ebe.