The oru ugbo mgbanwe nke 1861. Akpata na ya pụta

Ebighị Ebi n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia, Alexander II ga-anọgide na dị ka onye mgbapụta nke ndị serfs. The mgbanwe nke Alexander II mgbe ochichi onye kwuo uche na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ. Echefula na gradual mgbanwe - nzuzo nke ọbubu-eze nke a eru edidem. Na nke abụọ, Alexander maara ihe nzuzo nke kwekọrọ nnọọ.

Alexander nke abụọ nke ebe na-eto eto nwere oru ugbo mgbanwe. Otú ọ dị, na-amalite ya, o nwere ike naanị otu ugboro-ewe n'ocheeze. Gịnị bụ ihe ndị mere ihe dị otú ahụ na-atụsi nke eze ntọhapụ nke serfs?

1) Alexander nke abụọ, dị ka a maara na eru onye na-achị, ọ ghọtara na serfdom ala brek. Site na ojiji nke ọ bụla nke ohu mmewere nke European ụwa ogologo jụrụ. Russia nọgidekwa na-ala azụ, n'ihi egwu ndi-mmeghachi omume na-ebu mgbanwe. Dị ka Alexander II, na nwoke onye oru ugbo mgbanwe bụ igbu ndị na-akpatara niile Russia anaghị agasi na ike ụwa.

2) Alexander miri emi, kwenyesiri ike na ịdị adị nke serfdom na mba ahụ bụ ihe ọjọọ n'ihi na Russia na-agbachitere ikike. Serfdom na Russia mere ka a ọnụ ke ogo n'etiti European ike. Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ European eze lere ya ya na ya akarịala na-ebu na na Russian omume. Dị nnọọ amasị na oge ochie Russia, ebe Vladimir enweghị ike imeri n'aka nke adaeze nke Constantinople naanị n'ihi na ọ bụ onye Jentaịl.

3) Echefula na ọhụrụ eze a zụlitere na mmụọ nke mmepeanya na ochichi onye kwuo uche. Creative intelligentsia ka ogologo kwalitere maka ekpochapụ serfdom. Ozizi nke Alexander II ya-eto eto ọ na Vasily Zhukovsky, onye bụ onye ndú nke okike intelligentsia nke XIX narị afọ. Ọ na-atụle ga a nkụzi Zhukovsky Pushkin. Dị ka Alexander II, oru ugbo mgbanwe kwesịrị nwere a na mmetụta dị mma na ime mmụọ akụrụngwa nke Russian ọha mmadụ.

Malite maka mgbanwe e butere na 1857, mgbe eze kere a na nzuzo na kọmitii. Secret ọrụ ya bụ ịzụlite a plan, nke-ekpochapụ serfdom bụ na-kasị ire ụtọ na inconspicuous.

Isi nsogbu maka edidem na-anọchi anya na-ebute ọdịmma nke mmegide nke serfs na ama. Ma ama na-ezi obi na-kwenyesiri ike na-ekpochapụ serfdom, mba adịghị mma. Ha achọghị kpọwaa ala ha na ya nkịtị.

The ebe e wusiri ike, na Kama nke ahụ, ha kwere na oru ugbo mgbanwe ga weghachi nnwere onwe ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu, e wezụga na-eme ka na ala nke na-agba ọsọ aku na uba. Ime na otú ahụ, na ndị ọzọ-agaghị ekwe omume.

1861 February 19 , e nwere a ịrịba omume maka dum nke Russia - serfdom kagburu. Uhie na mba, na chọọchị ama na-agụ iwu nke Alexander II. Dị ka a iwu, si, niile serfs natara nnwere onwe na-adabereghị na ha na mbụ landlords. Onye ọ bụla nwoke onye oru ugbo natara ala maka ojiji nkeonwe. Otú ọ dị, ala ka na-ewere a-onwunwe nke onye nwe ulo. Farmers na-chọrọ ịzụta ala-ha si, nweekwa ala, na-achọ inwere onwe ha nwere.

N'ihi ya, na-ekpochapụ serfdom na 1861 ruo mgbe ebighị ebi gbanwere Russia. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghịkwa ihe na nwe ala ma ọ bụ ndị nkịtị na-adịghị ka afọ ju. Nwe ala chere na ha na-ezu, na-anapụ ezi n'ala. The nkịtị kwenyesiri ike na mbụ serfdom nyere ụzọ a ọhụrụ onye na-bịara mara dị ka oge ọgbụgba. N'ihi ya, Alexander II katọrọ nta niile ndi nke ọha mmadụ. Afọ 20 gasịrị, Alexander ga-atụfu ịtụkwasị obi n'etiti ìgwè mmadụ. Na 1881, a ga-egbu ndi-nkekọta n'etiti ndiife klọb, onye natara a pụrụ iche nkesa na Russia na mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19.

N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nke abụọ, Alexander banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia ka a oké ọnụ ọgụgụ, inimitable mgbanwe, ọhụụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụ ekele na-arụsi ọrụ ike mgbanwe mgbalị nke Russia Alexander II nwere a oge a anya.