The osimiri nke Arctic Ocean: na Northern Dvina, Pechora, Ob

All osimiri nke Arctic Ocean na-eru site na ókèala Eurasia na North America. Dị ka ihe atụ, a isi American osimiri Mackenzie. Isiokwu a ga-atụle ụfọdụ n'ime osimiri nke Arctic Ocean na Russia, n'etiti ha bụ ndị kasị ukwuu mmiri akwara nke mbara ala. Ke adianade do, banyere iri isii na ise percent nke mmiri aga nke mba anyị bụ efere nke Arctic Ocean. N'etiti ha, ndị kasị ibu onyinye-abịa site osimiri dị ka Pechora, Northern Dvina, Ob, Khatanga, Yenisey, Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Atụmatụ nke osimiri nke Arctic Ocean

Ndị a iyi igba nso oké osimiri gafee na mbara ọzara na larịị. N'ihi na ala esịmde nke ha jụụ, na ụzọ e nweghị akpan akpan mgbochi. Basin nke Arctic Ocean maka a nnọọ ogologo oge na-kpuchie na ice. Nri tumadi snow na mmiri ozuzo. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, e nwere a mmiri larịị ịrị elu nke 10-15 mita. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na osimiri nke Arctic Ocean aga tumadi n'ebe ugwu na ice na-agbaze downstream mgbe e mesịrị ka elu. Ya mere na-emepụta jams na ice dams.

Northern Dvina

Northern Dvina River eburu mmiri ya site na ala nke abụọ na-achị nke Russian Federation - Arkhangelsk na Vologda mpaghara. The dike osimiri na-aga n'ime White Sea, nke ga-emepe n'ime mmiri nke Arctic Ocean. Ya "dị ọcha" ogologo 0,7 puku kilomita, tinyere Sukhona - .. 1.3 puku km, na ọ bụrụ na-ewere ọnụ na Vychegda -. Mgbe ahụ 1.8 puku km.

River Delta enyene a nnukwu ebe, setịrị na ókèala a n'ogologo 37 na a obosara nke 45 kilomita. Ebe osimiri gbawara n'ime ọtụtụ ọwa na aka uwe (narị na iri ise). River mmiri n'ọnụ bụ atọ na ọkara puku cubic mita kwa nke abụọ.

Water ọchịchị nke Northern Dvina

The kpagburuibe ụdị nri dị snow. Northern Dvina River na-kpuchie site ice okpu na oge site na mbubreyo October ka n'oge November, na-ahapụ ya n'oge oge site n'oge April ka n'oge May. Na oghere nke osimiri na mmiri na-abụkarị ndị mgbochi okporo ụzọ, ice nwayọọ nnọọ ngwa ngwa.

Egwu mmiri Northern Dvina River bụ nnukwu, ọ bụ 360 puku. ^Km2. Ya isi tributaries bụ Arctic Ocean efere: Pinega, Vychegda, Elitsa, Vaga na ndị ọzọ. E nwere ihe karịrị 27 azu umu.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme uru

-Akpali mmasị, Northern Dvina bụ navigable fọrọ nke nta niile, tinyere (ogologo nke navigable waterways na ọtụtụ tributaries ise na ọkara puku kilomita). Ebe ọ bụ na 1989 na River na-arụ ọrụ mgbe nile njem ọrụ. N'ihi ya, anya na ya mmiri mirror na-agba ndị kasị ochie na Russian ship "Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol", sitere na nke shipyards azụ na 1911.

Northern Dvina River egwuri a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro. Ihe atụ, n'oge na 1812 World War II ihe, ọ bụ, dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme mma, fọrọ nke nta ka nanị njikọ Russia na Europe. Nakwa n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na osimiri ẹkenịmde a ịrịba òkè nke ọkọnọ "ibinye-mgbazinye" (agha technology, na ngwá na ihe ọnọ si Europe na United States na-alụ agha na Soviet Union). Ọzọkwa, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ osimiri "Gateway na Arctic", n'ihi na osimiri na Arctic region malitere karịa abụọ na narị abụọ research njem ndị mmadụ merela.

Pechora

The osimiri na-aga site na abụọ na-achị nke Russian Federation - Nenets Autonomous Okrug na Komi Republic. Ọ na-amalite na Western Urals atọ malite. Dị ka dị iche iche atụmatụ, ogologo nke osimiri si 1.7 na 1.9 puku kilomita. Site na ọdịdị nke ihe ya N'ezie, kere atọ akụkụ: elu, n'etiti ala.

Upper, Middle na Lower Pechora

The Upper Pechora ogologo nke 400 kilomita bụghị bi na obere mụọ. Na nke a akụkụ nke osimiri ka a pụrụ iche agwa nke ugwu nke na-kwupụtara ngwa eruba, meandering ọwa, elu nkume mben obere osimiri ndagwurugwu kpuchie coniferous osisi. The obosara nke Upper Pechora àmà site 10 ruo 120 mita. The osimiri abụghị miri, na-eru abụọ na ọkara mita.

Nkezi Pechora - a ogologo ngalaba 1200 kilomita, si n'ọnụ ọnụ Volosyanitsy Tsilma. Malite na Yashkinsky pie, bụ osimiri na-aghọ navigable. Pechory obosara n'etiti òkè àmà site 0.4 4 kilomita. Na ala mmiri na osimiri kpụrụ shoals na gbochie igodo.

The ala akụkụ nke osimiri ahụ ruo ogologo na narị anọ kilomita. Up na ọnụ nke osimiri Shapkina nri n'usọ osimiri bụ magburu, na ekpe - ọjọọ agwa. Ekemende, abụọ mmiri na mbara ọzara na a predominance nke tundra ahịhịa. Wiski si obodo-amalite Delta. E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke alluvial, ala agwaetiti (kasị - 29). isuo ogologo bụ 30 kilomita. Mgbe confluence nke egbugbere ọnụ 20 ekewa a osimiri aka uwe.

bara uru iji

Pechora oghe maka 120-170 ụbọchị, ọtụtụ na-eji maka mbupu okporo ụzọ. E nwere 80 tributaries. The efere bụ banyere 19.500 square kilomita. Pechora-mepụtara azu, salmon azu a rụrụ, Pike, azụ asa, whitefish, ọcha salmon na ndị ọzọ na umu.

Ob

Dị ka ekwuola, ọdọ mmiri nke kasị nta oké osimiri nke Earth enyene 65% ma ọ bụ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke Russian Federation. Rivers metụtara ndị Arctic Ocean, ezi nnukwu na na-eru. Ma, ọ bụghị otu n'ime ha nwere ike ghara tụnyere Ob. Nke a bụ ndị kasị ibu na Siberia osimiri. Ọ na-eduga ná n'etiti niile mmiri aga ke Eurasia. Ọ ajụ ha osimiri mmiri metụtara Arctic Ocean, dị ka Tom na Irtysh, Biya, Katun.

Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nnyocha, bụ osimiri aha na-ewepụtara okwu "ma" n'ihi na ọ na-hiwere site confluence nke abụọ ezi nnukwu osimiri - Biya na Katun. The ogologo ya si mmakọ ana 3,65 puku km, na ọ bụrụ na ị na-agụnye Irtysh -. 5,41 puku. Km. Nke a osimiri na-atụle ga ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ na Russia. Ọ na-aga n'ebe ugwu na ndị Kara Sea, akpụ The ogologo nke Gulf nke Ob (ogologo Bay - banyere 800 kilomita).

Economic mkpa nke Ob

The osimiri bed agabiga ise Russian na mpaghara, gụnyere Altai Territory, Tomsk Region, na Novosibirsk Region, na Yamalo-Nenets na Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District. The osimiri bụ navigable. Ịgachi mbupu okporo ụzọ na ọ ike, ebe ọ bụ na 1844. Na 1895, bụ osimiri mechaa gburugburu 120 ụgbọ mmiri.

Ob - bụ a paradise egbu azu enthusiasts. Ebe a, na a ukwuu nke na mbụ azụ dị ka Pike, grayling, burbot, azu kaapu, rudd, Sturgeon, lamprey, Sturgeon, na ọtụtụ, ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. E nwere ihe dị iri ise umu, iri-na-ise nke nke bụ isiokwu kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ azu (perch, ide, Pike, eel, dace, bream, crucian azu kaapu, roach, perch na ndị ọzọ).

Water ọchịchị, tributaries

The osimiri - n'ihi na ọtụtụ snow, isi eruba pụtara na n'oge ụla mmiri. Ob na-kpuchie site ice okpu maka 180-220 ụbọchị otu afọ. Pool bụ banyere 2,99 nde km ^2, na nke a na-egosi River họọrọ akpa ke Russia. Ùgwù atọ ebe a na-arụ na ya na okwu nke mmiri ọdịnaya, na tupu ya e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ osimiri eru n'ime Arctic Ocean, dị ka Yenisei na Lena.

Na ndịda nke Ob bụ ama ama Novosibirsk esite ma ọ bụ dị ka ọ na ndị ọzọ ọtụtụ ndị na-akpọ, na Ob Sea, nke bụ a mmasị ebe puku ndị njem na obodo. The ọwa n'etiti Ob na Yenisei, wuru na mbubreyo iri na itoolu na narị afọ, a na-adịghị ugbu a na-eji na hapụrụ.

Obi nwere 30 isi tributaries na ọtụtụ nta n'anya. The kasị ibu nke ndị a bụ Irtysh, onye ogologo bụ 4250 km, nke dị elu karịa ya ogologo nke osimiri. Nke a mwubata eweta na Ob nkezi nke puku atọ cubic mita mmiri kwa abụọ.