The Ọtụtụ Faces of molybdenum na-eji ebe, Njirimara, ndu ọrụ ahụ mmadụ

Chemistry bụ ntọala nke ndụ anyị. All ihe n'ụlọ na-mejupụtara oge table ọcha njikọ. Na minit ọ bụla n'ime ụmụ mmadụ n'ịnwụ mgbagwoju mgbanwe metụtara ọgwụ. Ke ibuotikọ emi ị ga-amụta banyere a metal dị ka molybdenum ebe ọdabara, ya Njirimara na ọrụ ahụ mmadụ.

Anyị amụ n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme

Mineral na-enwe na ya mejupụtara nke molybdenum, a maara ndị na Gris oge ochie. Ndị eke ogige nwere a Ọdịdị yiri graphite. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ mgbe eji na ya ike a ndú. Molybdenite MoS₂ nwere isi awọ-green tint mgbe ede na akwụkwọ. The e ji mara luster molybdaena aha-ya nyere - "dị ka ụzọ."

Carl Wilhelm Scheele nyochara site nke ọ synthesized trioxide MoO₃, kama n'ihi na enweghị nke kwesịrị ekwesị ọkụ bụ enweghị ike-agbake metal dị ọcha ụdị. Yonsu Jakob Berzelius ịga nke ọma 1817 afọ nweta molybdenum oxide mgbake site na coal na hydrogen. Sịntetik mmewere e jiri nlezianya na-amụ na kọwara na ọrụ nile nke ọkà mmụta sayensị.

nkịtị Njirimara

Gịnị bụ molybdenum? Nke a na ìhè na agba ntụ metal nke ya dị ọcha ụdị bụ eguzogide ọxịdashọn (n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ). Na okpomọkụ na-abawanye ka 400-600 degrees, ikike a na-ebelata na kpụrụ trioxide MoO₃.

Molybdenum kovok ductile na ngwa ngwa dabara ibe ya bụrụ. Metal njupụta 10.2 g / ^cm3, agbaze ebe 2620 ⁰S esi - 4800 ⁰S. Site ndị a na ọnụ ọgụgụ na o doro anya na ọ bụ nnọọ ihe tugoplavok. Ọnụnọ nke carbon, nitrogen ma ọ bụ sọlfọ adịghị emetụta anụ ahụ Njirimara, akpan akpan, ihe na-aghọ-emebi emebi na kenkuwa. Molybdenum bụ paramagnetic. Na-amụba ya okpomọkụ ike na-ukwuu ụba.

Natural molybdenum compound, inweta

Ọ ga-amara na molybdenum adịghị n'ihe dị ọcha ụdị, ọ bụ ugbu a na ọdịdị naanị na ogige na ndị ọzọ ọcha. Kwesịrị Nṅomi metal ọdịnaya jikọrọ ọnụ 3 ∙ 10 ^-4%. E nwere ihe dị 15 minerals, nke kasị nkịtị na-:

• disulfide mos ₂ - molybdenite;
• CaMoO ₄ - powellite;
• PbMoO ₄ - wulfenite.

Main ubi nke ndị a ogige na-anya metụtara na Filiks nke deposition na hydrothermal isi mmalite.

Na ulo oru nzube na-amịpụtara molybdenum disulfide mmewere. Ya ngwa dị ezigbo mkpa maka inweta ọcha metal. Nke a na-eme site inwetara ores site flotation. N'ihi ya nwetara uche, nke a na-ekemende doro calcination.

2MoS ₂ + 7O ₂ = 2MoO ₃ + 4SO ₂

Dịpụrụ adịpụ na ọcha oxide na-ebelata na-akọrọ hydrogen iyi na okpomọkụ nke 700 degrees. The mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa bụ a ntụ ntụ nke molybdenum. N'ọdịnihu ya ike ga-eji dị ọcha n'ụdị ma ọ bụ dị ka a ihe emejupụta ndị Rolling na kpụrụ isiokwu.

Production nke alloy ígwè

Ferrous nkà mmụta banyere ígwè eji molybdenum powder umi. Olee ebe a na ọ na-eji? N'ihi alloying steels na nkedo ịgà. Tụkwasị na nke a mmewere ke alloys n'ụzọ mma ha mma. Mụbara ekwedo, abrasion eguzogide, mmetụta ndị na-eguzogide. The bughi ígwè na-kwukwara banyere 0,5% molybdenum, ezi ọka-aghọ ndị ọzọ edo na site na nke a ha mebere atumatu, belata brittleness ikpeazụ ngwaahịa.

Na mgbakwunye na nke ọzọ bekee na-enye ohere iji nweta pụrụ iche ikwọ na-n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche ọrụ. Alloys, nke na-agụnye cobalt na nickel (50-60%) na chromium (ihe dị ka 20-28%) na-doped site na-agbakwụnye molybdenum. Ebe dị otú ahụ na ihe onwunwe na-eji? Azịza ya dabeere na ya pụrụ iche Njirimara - elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide. Ọ na-eji na imewe nke ugbo elu akụkụ na agha casing.

Jiri nke alloys na molybdenum

Site na-agbakwụnye molybdenum na niobium, titanium na ndị ọzọ na ọla enwekwu ultra okpomọkụ na-eguzogide alloy. Nke a mejupụtara ike ga-eji ike akụkụ nke gas turbines na combustion ime-rọketi.

Na alloys na a nnukwu ego nke molybdenum (17-28%) ụba corrosion eguzogide. Ha na-eme na-adịghị ọbụna ụjọ mmekọrịta ọ bụla acid (ma e wezụga HF).

The refractory Njirimara nke molybdenum na ya iji na-eke pụrụ iche ọkpọkọ ndị dị oké mkpa na nuklia ike ụlọ ọrụ. Otú ahụ na ngwaahịa pụrụ iguzogide wụrụ awụ lithium. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke coolant na uranium ngwa agha. E wezụga, na molybdenum na a knife-99 isotope hụrụ ngwa dị ka ihe na-egosi na nuclear ụlọ ọrụ.

N'ihi infusibility molybdenum-ya nime ya ike Ebu maka mgbatị akụkụ mere nke ọla kọpa, aluminum na zinc. The elu ike metal enyere Filiks n'okpuru elu nsogbu.

Iku na punching, ngwa

Site blanks nwetara site-agbaze na ntụ ntụ, na-akpọrepu na ngwaahịa - mkpara na waya. Ha iso nke a dị ọcha metal molybdenum isiokwu. Ebe dị otú ahụ na ngwaahịa na-eji? Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-eji ke imewe nke thermocouples nke na-eji atụ okpomọkụ n'elu 2000 ⁰C. Nko na cores maka asọfe tungsten filament na incandescent bọlbụ na-mere nke molybdenum waya. Ntinye nke cathodes na-elekwasị anya electrodes na X-ray akpa na ha na akpa ga-pụrụ ịdabere na-izute chọrọ nke elu refractory metal. N'ihi na ndị a na nzube, n'ụzọ zuru okè ruru eru molybdenum mgbazinye.

N'iwu ma efere na-eji na ebe nke electrodes na elu-agbaze ite-ọku uku. Ha ga-enịm ke a pụrụ iche na-ajụ esịnede argon, hydrogen, ma ọ bụ agụụ. N'ihi na eziokwu na molybdenum anaghị tinye iko na chemical Jeremaya mere, ọ na-etinyere maka n'ichepụta akụkụ melter.

Ngwa na ndị ọzọ ọrụ

Molybdenum hụrụ ngwa ke mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ. E ọ na-eji dị ka a mkpali ike ọcha na ngwaahịa si sọlfọ adịghị. Aluminum dabeere lubricants arụpụtara disulfide. Ha akawanye ọrụ dị iche iche ngwaọrụ ma na-echebe elu megide n'ibu mmebi na elu okpomọkụ. Ọ nwere dị otú ahụ a mmanu na anticorrosive Njirimara.

Ke imewe nke akọwa, ebe ọ na-etinyere na molybdenum oxides, enwetara pigments persistent odo-epe shades. Njikọ nke wuru emep uta eri na-aga na-enweghị isi. Iji dịkwuo nitrogen ọdịnaya nke ala-eji microfertilizer, nke na-agụnye molybdenum.

The ọrụ nke molybdenum ke idem

Molybdenum e nyere ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ahụ mmadụ. Ọ na-agụnye njikọ nke haemoglobin, nitrogen na purine metabolism. Bụ maka na absorption nke ígwè na vitamin C, a dị ike antioxidant. Microelement nwere onkoprotektornyh, rejuvenating mmetụta.

Foods ọgaranya molybdenum - bụ legumes na ọka, leafy akwụkwọ nri. The chọrọ ego nke Chọpụta mmewere abatakwa ahu na kwa ụbọchị, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eri nri. Ya enweghị nwere ike jupụtara eji ịnweta okụre.