The ọwa nke temporal ọkpụkpụ. Anatomy: temporal ọkpụkpụ

Onye ọ bụla ọkpụkpụ nke ahụ mmadụ bụ ihe kasị mkpa "cog" na a nnukwu igwe. Head ọkpụkpụ ọcha ịrụ a na-echebe ọrụ. A ọcha gụnyere temporal ọkpụkpụ.

The temporal ọkpụkpụ: a nkọwa nke

Otu akụkụ dị mkpa nke cranium nke temporal ọkpụkpụ, bụ nke dị na abụọ nke okpokoro isi, ya mere a uzuoku bath. Na-ọzọ kpọmkwem, ọ bụ nke otu n'ime mmiri nke na okpokoro isi kpuchie ụbụrụ. Gburugburu ya sphenoid, parietal na occipital ọkpụkpụ.

Nke a ọkpụkpụ mmewere ọnụ na ibughari n'agba Nleta a nkwonkwo. Na tandem na ndị zygomatic ọkpụkpụ ha na-etolite na zygomatic njiko.

Na ɛhe mmewere ya bụ a na-abụghị integral ọkpụkpụ ọ na-anọchite anya a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụkụ nke na-etolite ya.

Emepe emepe temporal ọkpụkpụ osifikeshịọn site isii ndị a. Ná ngwụsị nke 8th izu nke na-amalite amalite na mmepe nke mbụ na-ossify scaly akụkụ. On 3rd ọnwa solidification pụtara na drum. Na mbata nke 5 nke ọnwa nke nwa ebu n'afọ na mmepe na cartilage ebe nke pyramid e nwere ọtụtụ ebe nke osifikeshịọn.

Iji oge tupu a mụọ, temporal ọkpụkpụ ama mejupụtara a scaly akụkụ na drum petrous akụkụ, na n'etiti ndị a n'akụkụ bụ ndokwa crevices na connective anụ ahụ.

Ọdịdị nke ọkpụkpụ

Anatomy nke temporal ọkpụkpụ bụ dị ka ndị. Ọ a dịpụrụ adịpụ pyramid drum akụkụ na akpịrịkpa.

Pyramid na-akpọ nkume akụkụ. Na-enweghị ihe mere, n'ihi nke a mmewere na-emi esịnede a siri ike osseous mmewere. Na ya ụdị nkume akụkụ dị yiri nnọọ a zita pyramid (ya mere aha). The isi nke pyramid na egosiri na mastoid.

Pyramid mejupụtara ndị na-esonụ akụkụ: a n'ọnụ; n'ihu, n'azụ na ala na-ebupụta; apical, n'azụ na ala ala nsọtụ.

The n'ihu elu nke pyramid nwere nghazi kwuru gaa n'ihu we gaba. On n'akụkụ nke pyramid na-aghọ ihe ọtụtụ nke temporal ọkpụkpụ. N'etiti abụọ ndị a na ihe nke temporal ọkpụkpụ bụ nkume-scaly onu. Na ya akụkụ, a n'ihu elu nke pyramid nwere ubé arcuate elu. Na a anya site ndị a elevations n'ụdị flake oghere dị ewepụghị òkè nke-eme dị ka a n'elu ụlọ nke tympanic oghere.

The n'azụ elu nke pyramid n'akụkụ aka center. Fọrọ na etiti nke a n'elu nwere a obere pyramid auditory oghere, nke aga n'ime esịtidem auditory kanaal. Na n'akụkụ nke auditory oghere dị podduzhnaya fossa. Na na ala n'akụkụ nke oghere vestibular akwedokt.

The ala elu nke pyramid n'elu enyemaka atụmatụ siri ike. The ala n'elu aga n'ime mastoid.

The elu onu nke pyramid bụ a ókè akara nke kpọgide n'ihu ma n'azụ na-ebupụta. Dị ka isi nke uzo bụ petrosal imi.

N'azụ pyramid ihu delimits a n'azụ na ala na-ebupụta. Tinyere ya ala elu na-adịgide uzo petrosal imi. Around n'akụkụ nke uzo bụ a dimple n'èzí oghere tubule ejula.

Si n'ime pyramid nsị akụkụ nke na-anụ na itule.

Na esereese gosiri:

1. Scaly akụkụ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ. Nke a ọkpụkpụ so nwere a convex n'èzí udi nke a efere, na elu onu nke bụ chamfered. Aha ya - na akpịrịkpa - akụkụ a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ overlaps na kwekọrọ ekwekọ (scaled) ụzọ n'akụkụ njedebe nke parietal ọkpụkpụ na sphenoid nku. Na ala onu ya merges na pyramid na mastoid òkè nke drum. The elu n'akụkụ na-enwe a eji ire ụtọ Ọdịdị Nleta a temporal fossa. Site akpịrịkpa, si n'aka zygomatic usoro isiokwu na ntụziaka nke temporal usoro nke zygomatic ọkpụkpụ na attaches ya ya serrated onu etolite zygomatic njiko. Ndị na-esonụ na-egosi na scaly n'ọnụ ya.
2. Zygomatic usoro. Nke a na mmewere na-eje ozi dị ka a na njikọ òkè na zygomatic ọkpụkpụ. The usoro dabeere na abụọ nke na mgbọrọgwụ ya: n'ihu ma n'azụ, na n'etiti ha na-etinye fossa maka agwakọta ala agha.
3. Articular tubercle. Ọ na-emi odude na ala onu nke n'ihu nke mgbọrọgwụ nke zygomatic usoro. Ya ọrụ dị mkpa nke ukwuu n'ihi na mandibular nkewa - egbochi ala n'agba ọkpụkpụ isi na-atụ Ndahie na oge nke na-emeghe ọnụ.
4. Mandibular fossa. Ọ na-kewapụrụ mpụga auditory meatus mkpa efere mere nke ọkpụkpụ ihe onwunwe. Nke a dị iche mmetụta dị mma usoro nke na-akpụ akpụ-enweghị nchịkwa na usoro auricle na nkwonkwo òkè na ndị na-abụghị direction.
5. The mpụga auditory ezumike. Oghere a na-emi odude na n'akụkụ nke n'èzí nke temporal ọkpụkpụ. Ọ na-topped na akpịrịkpa na azụ nke mastoid, na n'ihu na ala ala - tympanic akụkụ nke temporal ọkpụkpụ.
6. Glazerova oghere, ma mara dị ka nkume-drum. Nke a warara oghere delimiting tympanic òkè nke temporal ọkpụkpụ na protruding onu òkè nke ụlọ nke tympanum;
7. The drum akụkụ. Nke a ọkpụkpụ efere abụghị nnukwu na size na curved udi. Ọ bụ mmasị na n'akụkụ akụkụ ụfọdụ nke temporal ọkpụkpụ. Drum akụkụ-echebe mpụga auditory mmeghe, kpuchiri ya n'akụkụ atọ ọnụ na akpịrịkpa na mastoid. Atọ ndị a ngalaba nke temporal ọkpụkpụ na-gwakọtara ya na ihu njedebe, n'azụ na ala ala. Ebe ha accretion akpọ mastoid-ukwu oghere, ọ na-emi odude n'azụ oghere ntị. Auditory oghere na-aga n'ime auditory kanaal, nke bụ njedebe mgbe nke tympanic oghere. Malite n'ihu nke njikọ ụgha drum-scaly fissure.
8. Mastoid. Nke a n'azụ ibe akwụkwọ nke temporal ọkpụkpụ, bụ nke dị n'azụ oghere ntị. Site scaly akụkụ ọ na-delimited parietal notch. Si n'èzí na mastoid usoro na-mmasị uru isi, ha na-ọma nọ na-ekele ya convex na ike ike n'elu.
9. Styloid usoro. O nwere ihe compound òkè nke muscle anụ ahụ na akwara njikọ. Styloid usoro - a ibe akwụkwọ nke temporal ọkpụkpụ, nke site na ọdịdị nke ya guzobere nwere mesho okike. Ọ bụ a mmapụta mmewere nke hyoid njiko.

ọrụ

The temporal ọkpụkpụ nwere atọ ọrụ:

1. Echebe. Na ɛhe ọkpụkpụ na njikọ na ndị ọzọ nke ọkpụkpụ nke okpokoro isi na-echebe ndị ụbụrụ ụdị nile nke mebiri.
2. Reference. Cranial ọkpụkpụ temporal n'ọnụ ọnụ akwado ụbụrụ, dị ka ya ide.
3. Na ɛhe ọkpụkpụ - gwara ebe isi uru.

Ke adianade do, nke a okpukpu nwere akụkụ na ọwa nke ndị ntị enyemaka, itule, na e dinara iche iche ducts na ọbara arịa.

Ọrụ na-kpam kpam dabere na Mmebe nke temporal ọkpụkpụ. Ke adianade do, ebe ndị dị nso na ọkpukpu-emetụta arụmọrụ.

The ọwa nke temporal ọkpụkpụ

The temporal ọkpụkpụ na-kpamkpam striated dị iche iche zoro ezo, cavities na ọwa mmiri. The ọwa na cavities nke temporal ọkpụkpụ na-eji arịa, akwara alaka, akwara. Channels na-anọchi anya a oghere tubular strands ji ekpuchi akụkụ nke temporal ọkpụkpụ.

The table n'okpuru na-egosi temporal ọkpụkpụ ọwa.

Channel ọdịdị ihu akwara

Tụlee ọdịdị ihu Ọwa mmiri nke temporal ọkpụkpụ. Ọ na-amalite na ala nke ndị ntị enyemaka, bụ nke dị n'ime ntị. Ya na-elekwasị anya na-kwupụtara mpụta - ibugharịa a nkume crevice ọwa nke akwara eriri. Na mpaghara a, ọ Nleta a gburugburu, nke a na-akpọ ọdịdị ihu kolentsa ọwa. Ọ na-aga n'ihu ya ụzọ n'ihu ọwa si temporal ọkpụkpụ caper kwupụta n'akụkụ na azụ, tinyere a trajectory yiri axis nke nri n'akuku nke pyramid. Ahụ na-aghọ vetikal direction na-agwụ ndị mastoid oghere n'azụ mgbidi nke tympanum.

carotid kanaal

Carotid kanaal temporal ọkpụkpụ amalite ya ụzọ na ala n'akụkụ nke pyramid n'ụdị oghere (aperture). Ya direction - ziri ezi na elu, ma ọ bụ nso elu nke pyramid. Channel eme ka ekwe na n'akuku nke 90 na bụ mpụga oghere onu ire nke pyramid. Site na ọwa-agba ndị carotid akwara.

Musculo-ọwa tube

Musculo-tube ọwa temporal ọkpụkpụ - a ibe akwụkwọ nke auditory tube nke dị n'ime ntị ngwa. Channel amalite mgbe n'elu nke pyramid, ya bụ dị n'etiti ya n'ihu ihu na akpịrịkpa nke temporal ọkpụkpụ.

Tubule tympani

Nke a tubule amalite si ọwa nke ọdịdị ihu akwara, ma ya si na-emi odude ubé n'elu oghere si stylomastoid na-agwụ na nkume-drum ọdịiche. Ọdịnaya nke a ọwa na temporal ọkpụkpụ okpokoro enyocha ke ihe zuru ezu.

mastoid canaliculus

Tubule ewe ya si na jugular fossa intersects ala ihu nke ọwa nsọtụ na iche na mastoid-drum ọdịiche. Mastoid oghere ọwa site ya nketa ogwe aka nke ndị vagus akwara.

drum tubule

Drum tubule sitere na ala nke a nkume dimples. Na-aga n'ihu ya ụzọ elu na ogologo. Obe dị na ala òkè nke tympanic oghere na-eduzi elu akwa, ma n'ụdị grooves. Njedebe ya abịa site na nkume crevice akwara, bụ nke dị n'ihu n'akụkụ nke pyramid nke temporal ọkpụkpụ.

Drum ọwa na e dere n'ime ya oghere drum akwara.

Ụra na-atụ-drum tubules

Na ngụkọta, e nwere abụọ na-ero ụra-drum tubule. Ha na-amalite site na mgbidi na-ero ụra ọwa, ebe n'ihu egosipụta na tympanic oghere. The ọrụ nke ndị a ọwa - ebu.

The ọwa nke temporal ọkpụkpụ na-schematically egosipụta n'elu. Ha na-egosi na mgbagwoju anya nke Filiks aa na ọkpụkpụ.