Ego, Ego
The Swiss ego bụ Swiss franc: ọnụego mgbanwe
N'ihi Ugboro mgbanwe geopolitical map nke ụwa, ọtụtụ ndị mgbagwoju anya ihe mba nke otu bụ nke. Karịsịa kemgbe bụghị onye ọ bụla maara ihe na ego a na-eji site na ndị mmadụ na a n'otu mba. Ihe atụ, ụfọdụ ndị ka na-enwe obi abụọ ma ọ bụla ego na Switzerland na N'ezie nke taa. N'ihi na nke a na obodo - a so na European Union, na e kwesịrị a ego Euro. Ma, ọ bụ n'ezie? Ọ amama, ọ dịghị.
Ego na Switzerland
N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ, ego na mba-anọgide na-agbanweghi agbanwe na-akpọ "Swiss franc". Banknotes tọhapụrụ Swiss National Bank na mkpụrụ ego minted Swiss Mint. Taa, ọ bụ nanị ego na n'otu Europe n'okpuru aha "franc".
N'adịghị ka mba ndị ọzọ, Switzerland nwere ọtụtụ ukara asụsụ. Ya mere, ndị Swiss ego na-eze a na-akpọ n'asụsụ anọ. Ọ anya dị ka nke a:
- Franco - Italian;
- franken - German;
- franc - Romansh na French.
Ụmụ obere ego na-enwe a dị iche iche aha. Otu franc - bụ:
- 100 rappenov (rappen) - na German;
- 100 chentesimo (centesimo) - na Italian;
- 100 Rapp (RAP) - na Romansh;
- 100 centimes (centime) - French.
Ezoro ezo Swiss ego CHF Latin akwụkwọ ozi, na koodu na ISO - 756 ma ọ bụ na 4217. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na maka designation nke ego Designations sFr eji domestically, ₣, Sfr, FS, SF, ma ọ bụ Fr.
mere uyen
Dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha ego bụ Switzerland franc pụtara na ebe ke 1850. Ọ dochie heterogeneous ego "laa" na cantons (adminedinitsah mba) na ruo mgbe ahụ. Ụfọdụ cantons site a na-ama etinyere ndị Frank - mba ego France. Iji zere ogbaaghara ma guzosie ịdị n'otu nke ego na Swiss oruru pụrụ iche nkebiahiri e mere 1848. Obibi na minting ego nkeji na steeti nwere ike na-eduzi Switzerland. Mgbe ahụ, Swiss franc, tọhapụrụ n'ime mgbasa May 7, 1850, e kwuru na otu ego.
A ngụkọta nke 8 usoro nke banknotes e bipụtara ke mgbasa. Ikpeazụ - na nso 1994-1998. Design Author - Yorgan Zinttsmayer. Ọ raara ya ama ọgụgụ nke art ụwa.
Switzerland franc abụwo mgbe nile pụtara mụ. Ọ budata ịṅagharị naanị otu ugboro, na njedebe nke September 1936. Mgbe ahụ Swiss ego devalued site iri atọ percent.
ụgwọ
Iji ụbọchị, Switzerland National Bank nyere ego nke dị iche iche iche. Ha niile nwere mgbanwe size, na agba na ụkpụrụ. Swiss akwụkwọ ego nwere parameters depụtara na table.
| fim | Size, mm | agba | image |
| CHF 10 | 126h74 | odo | Le Korbyuze - nchoputa nke Constructivism |
| CHF 20 | 137h74 | red | Arthur Honegger - dere |
| 50 CHF | 148h74 | green | Sophie Tauber-Arp - ọkpụ |
| 100 CHF | 159h74 | acha anụnụ anụnụ | Alberto Giacometti - onye na-ese |
| 200 CHF | 170h74 | aja aja | Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz - dere |
| 1000 CHF | 181h74 | odo odo | Jacob Burckhardt - ọkà ihe ọmụma |
Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ihe oyiyi nile na banknotes mere ndokwa ekwesị, mgbe ụlọ akụ ekwu na ọtụtụ ná mba - kwụ. Swiss ego bụ nnọọ yi, mere na ezi akwụkwọ, na ihe nile chọrọ ogo nchebe. Akpali mmasị, ndị gara aga ụgwọ - nke asaa - series, mepụtara na 1983-1985, na e nwere nanị a oru ngo. Ha na-adịghị etinye n'ime mgbasa ma na-ejighi oru.
The ọhụrụ usoro nke banknotes
Taa, Switzerland na-akwadebe nyak a ọhụrụ ife nke akụ na ndetu, usen 9 na a n'usoro. Ya mmebe bụ Manuel Pfrunder. First ntọhapụ ụbọchị nke ọhụrụ usoro na ìhè e zubere maka 2010. Ma iji zụlite elu mma nchedo ego omume yigharịrị ruo afọ abụọ. Otú ọ dị, na February 2012, National Bank of Switzerland, nkwupụta mere ọzọ. Ya kwuru na e nwere ọrụaka nsogbu na-eyigharị mmalite nke mmepụta maka dịkarịa ala otu afọ. Mgbe e nwere onye ọzọ yigharia. Dị ka na-adịbeghị anya na-akọ, a ọhụrụ usoro na-wepụtara ka ọha na eze na nkeji 2016-2019 afọ. Ugbua na mgbasa ke April 2016 wee si 50 ọhụrụ CHF. Ma, n'agbanyeghị na niile na-egbu oge, mgbe a izu na ọhụrụ banknotes na-kpughere ụfọdụ adịghị emezi emezi. Ya mere, o yikarịrị Switzerland ego ga-aga azụ maka idegharị.
mkpụrụ ego
N'etiti metal banknotes mkpụrụ ego ebe a 5, 10 na 20 rappenov. Ma e nwere ndị metal 5, 2 na 1 CHF na franc mkpụrụ ego na ọkara. Na "ego" na e dere - 1/2. Nta ego ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-apụ n'anya si mgbasa. Minting na mkpụrụ ego 1 centime kwụsịrị afọ iri gara aga, na mkpụrụ ego na òtù okpukpe nke 2 Rapp kwụsịrị-emepụta ihe na 1974.
All Swiss mkpụrụ ego nwere a mgbe nile gburugburu udi. Pyatirappenovye minted mkpụrụ ego nke alloy Al, Ni na Cu. All ọzọ - nke Cu na Ni compound. N'ajụghị ase mkpụrụ ego 20, 10 na 5 na-egosi rappenov isi (na profaịlụ) chi nwaanyị nnwere onwe. On mkpụrụ ego nke 2 na 1 Swiss franc bụ ugbu na zuru ibu. Ise franc mkpụrụ ego na-mma na oyiyi nke Swiss mba dike - William Gwa.
On agbara nke ego a na-ewetara ha ekpemekpe nile, na a wreath nke vine ma ọ bụ oak.
mgbanwe ego subtlety
Exchange Swiss franc maka ihe ọ bụla ọzọ akwụkwọ ego nwere ike rụrụ na pụrụ iche ihe n'ụba dị na mba ahụ. Ọzọkwa na-ekere òkè ọrụ, ị nwere ike iji mgbe ọ bụla akụ. Ma, ebe a mkpa ka ị na-echeta banyere oge. Banks ozi ahịa si 8:00 ka 16:00. Ụfọdụ ụlọ akụ oru na-arụ ọrụ ruo mgbe 18:00, ma ọ bụ kama isịneke. Agbanweta Swiss franc na US dollar ma ọ bụ ọzọ na ego site n'aka "Exchanger", bụ nke dị nso n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma ọ bụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ nwere ike ịbụ isii nke ụtụtụ ruo elekere iri n'abalị. Ụfọdụ mgbanwe itieutom na ozi gburugburu elekere.
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-awagharị na na search nke "Exchanger" obodo anaghị n'ezie chọrọ, ị pụrụ ime mgbanwe ozugbo na nkwari akụ (ọ bụla). Na nke a, na N'ezie ga-adị oke dị iche iche si akụ. Ma ọ kasị mma ịgbanwe ego tupu ya abịa Switzerland na ebe a bụ ihe mere:
- Swiss franc na-na mbụ artificially inflated;
- The ọzọ ịdị ego ị chọrọ ịgbanwe nke obere mma ọnụego mgbanwe ga-adị; Site n'ụzọ, Russian rubles - nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị nta na-ewu ewu ego na mba.
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekpebi werekwa ego ego site na igwe ndọrọ ego, ị nwere ike "wepu" dị ka euro na Swiss franc. Oddly ezu, ma na n'aka kaadị na mba abụghị nnọọ nkịtị. Ọ dịkarịa ala, e jiri ya tụnyere England ma ọ bụ America. Otú ọ dị, a kaadị nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ na fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla n'ebe ọha: ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, hotel. Ma ọ bụ uru na-echeta na na Switzerland maka n'aka kaadị mgbe ka ala ịgba nke ego na ike ga-akwụ ụgwọ na otú a. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụ 25-30 franc. Nke a pụtara na nchikota bụ ihe na-erughị set na ị ka ga-akwụ ụgwọ na ego.
Ka ụbọchị, agbanweta Switzerland franc megide dollar nwere ike ịbụ na ọnụego 1 CHF = 1,03 USD, mgbe euro - 1 CHF = 0,92 EUR.
Import nke mba ọzọ ego n'ime obodo na karịsịa ego ego
Na Switzerland, e nweghị mmachibido mbubata na mbupụ nke ọ bụla mba ọzọ ego. Nke a pụtara na mba nwere ike mbubata / mbupụ nke ụdị ihe ego na ihe ọ bụla ibu.
Ma, e nwere ihe na-akpali zuru ezu. Dị ka mkpebi nke Swiss ọchịchị, na January 1, 2016 a onye, na-akwụ ụgwọ na ego na ego nke ihe karịrị 100,000 franc, na iwu ji ya igosipụta ya bụ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, na mba na-agbaso mgba ego Laundering. A onye kpebie ịkwụ ụgwọ ụdị a nnukwu zuo na ego, na nzukọ nke Confederation iwu ji achọ ihe àmà nke njirimara. Ọzọkwa, a oyiri nke akwụkwọ na-ere ere ga-ahapụ n'ụlọ. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere obi abụọ banyere legality nke azụmahịa na e nwere ihe mere kwere nnweta nke ego Laundering, na ike-ere ákwà ga na-ekwurịta okwu nke a bụ eziokwu na ọrụ nke Bureau na mgba megide ego Laundering nke iwu na-akwadoghị nwetara.
Nke a chọrọ na-emetụta nanị entities aku entrepreneurial ọrụ. Ịkwụ ụgwọ n'etiti gwara n'okpuru anụ ahụ mmadụ.
Tax-free na VAT
VAT (Uru Tụkwasị Tax) na Switzerland, adiaha n'ogo nke 7.5%. Nke a na ndị ọzọ na ụtụ isi ozugbo gụnyere ego mgbe akwụ ụgwọ maka ọrụ na zụọ nke ngwongwo. Ná mba a, e nwere otu mma - a nkwụghachi nke VAT (VAT) mgbe ịhapụ obodo. Iji eji ọrụ, gị mkpa iji na ụlọ ahịa a pụrụ iche ego na na-agbala n'elu ngosi nke a paspọtụ. The ego gosiri na ya, kwesịrị gafere 500 CHF. Na nke a, mgbe ịhapụ obodo kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ ụlọ akụ dị na ọdụ. Na-ewetara a paspọtụ ma na a pụrụ iche ego na ego nke CHF 500, ị ga-azụ 80% nke ego nke VAT.
Mgbe ụfọdụ, ego a na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ mgbe ịhapụ obodo, na a obere ka e mesịrị. Na nke a, ịlele pụrụ iche stampụ ga-anapụta. Ọ ga-zijere site mail na mbata n'ụlọ na ego ị na-depụtara na kaadị.
Ụfọdụ nke ibu-echekwa na Switzerland nwere ike ikwughachiugwo VAT na ntụpọ na ego. Ọ ga-mkpa na-ewetara a paspọtụ.
Ebe "na-eje ije" Switzerland franc?
Anyị na-atụle ego na mgbasa, ọ bụghị nanị na Switzerland. Ọ nwere a mgbasa na-na n'ebe ndị ọzọ. Ebe ọ bụ na 1924, Switzerland franc bụ ukara ego nke Liechtenstein akpọ ala-eze.
Swiss franc na-atụle ukara ego na ebe ọzọ. Ọ Campione d'Italia. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ọ bụ ezie na nke a na-eze exclave emi odude na Italian ala, ọ gbara ókèala ndị Canton of Ticino metụtara Switzerland. Ya mere, aku na uba Campione d'Italia jikọọ bụghị na Rome dị nso, na na Switzerland. Nke a na obodo na-enye bi exclave ekwentị, mail ọrụ, ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ọzụzụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, na Switzerland ego nwere ike ga-atụle ka ukara na ego, na n'ala ndị a.
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