The ụwa mbụ n'usoro ochichi: si Sparta na US

Bụ ebe e nwere ndị mbụ n'usoro ochichi? Ajụjụ a ga na-agbalị-aza n'isiokwu a. Ma mbụ, anyị nyochaa echiche.

The iwu nke oge a uche

The ụwa mbụ n'usoro ochichi nke oge a uche pụtara na United States. N'okpuru a echiche na-ezo aka na isi aru nke iwu na-achịkwakwa ntọala ọchịchị. Nke a abụghị nnọọ a collection of iwu omume - bụ a isi ndabere iwu kwadoro na nke ihe ọ bụla ọzọ a na-ewu.

Prototypes nke constitutions n'oge ochie

The kasị mma-mara mmadụ ndị emejuputa mbụ ahụmahụ nke iwu imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti ala na ụmụ amaala - Solon (n'Atens archon), Roman eze Servius Tullius, na Spartan Lycurgus. All nke ha kere a set nke iwu nke otu ndụ. Ihe atụ, na Sparta nnukwu ochie ndokwa ike ndị kasị elu ikike, gabiga site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ ọnụ. The Council bụ izute osimiri na-eme ka mkpebi na mbụ a kwadebere tupu.

The iwu nke San Marino

The ụwa mbụ n'usoro ochichi e kuchiri na Dwarf European obodo San Marino. The Basic Iwu adiaha n'ebe 1600, bụ ihe ndabere nke ya obodo gaa nke XIV narị afọ.

Eleghara oruru Filippa Orlika

The ụwa mbụ iwu - a akwụkwọ Filippa Orlika na 1710. Ọ na-e dere na Bendery na ókèala nke Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu. Taa, ọ bụ na ókèala nke Pridnestrovian mba (Moldova). Oruru bụ nkwekọrịta n'etiti Hetman Filippom Orlikom na a ole na ole ndị okenye. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere iwu ọ bụla ike. The ụwa mbụ iwu nke, nke na-akpọ site n'usoro ochichi, ma nwere zuru iwu mmetụta nke dị n'ókèala dum mba - bụ isi iwu nke United States.

US mbụ n'usoro ochichi

Isi US iwu gafere September 17, 1787 na Council of Philadelphia, bụ a n'usoro ochichi nke oge a uche. Ọ mejupụtara asaa isiokwu. Otú ọ dị, niile mmegharị (iri abụọ na asaa) na-atụle ihe akụkụ nke ya. The ndokwa kọwaa isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị usoro, guzosie nkewa nke ike n'etiti omebe iwu (Congress), onyeisi (president) na ọkàikpe (n'ụlọikpe, ndị kasị elu nke bụ Kasị Elu).

US mbụ n'usoro ochichi chie atụle nke mbụ bụ na ụwa nke oge a iwu uche nke okwu.

History nke e kere eke

Ọbụna n'oge Agha Independence, anyị tụlere iche iche oru ngo nke bụ isi iwu. Na 1777, nke abụọ Continental Congress nakweere Isiokwu nke Confederation. Nke a akwụkwọ na-akọwa US dị ka a nnokota, t. E. The n'otu nke ọtụtụ onwe ha na-ekwu na nke kacha nta ike nke gọọmenti etiti. Ọ bụghị ụwa mbụ n'usoro ochichi, ma ọ e mepụtara kpomkwem na ndabere nke Isiokwu nke Confederation.

The adịghị ike nke akwụkwọ a bụ na ihe ọ bụla votu, ọ bụla ala bụ na e kere mkpebi ike, ie. E. ike igbochi ọ bụla na mkpebi nke Confederation Congress. Ndị dị otú ahụ iwu na-adịghị ekwe ka na-eme ka mkpebi ndị dị mkpa na isi okwu, n'ezie, Congress bụghị viable.

Na September nke 1786, nnọchiteanya si 5 na-ekwu zutere na Annapolis ịgbanwe Isiokwu nke Confederation. Otú ọ dị, ndị nnọchianya si ọzọ na-ekwu ma ọ bụ kpam kpam leghaara nzukọ, ma ọ bụ na a pụghị ruru. Deputies si 5 na-ekwu rịọrọ ndị Council na ikpokota na Philadelphia niile nnọchiteanya na ebumnuche na-nyochaa na paragraf nke isiokwu a.

The mbụ n'usoro ochichi na Europe

Na 1772 Russia, Prussia na Austria wee uru nke adịghị ike nke Poland - were mbụ ngalaba nke Commonwealth. N'eziokwu, isi European anụ aru ya nnukwu ókèala enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-eguzogide.

The abịanụ iyi egwu nke mbibi nke ala Noa esịtidem ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgba na Poland. abụọ agha na Diet: ịhụ mba n'anya (mgbanwe nke na-akwado) na staroshlyahetskaya (Conservative).

October 6, 1788 Ịhụ Mba n'Anya Party were n'elu. Ọ gbanwere si nkịtị Diet na nnokota. Nke a pụtara na ugbu a mkpebi na ya kwesịrị iwere site a ọtụtụ votu, na ọ dịghị onye nwere ikike mkpebi.

Ịhụ Mba n'Anya Party chọrọ kpamkpam idozigharị usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Poland, ma ike nke na-emegide ha dị ukwuu. Mgbe ahụ ndị ndozigharị gara atọ: ha ji ohere nke ememe na mmegide MPs nakweere a ọhụrụ oruru nke May 3, 1791.

Ndị mmadụ oruru nke Commonwealth na 1791, a na-adịghị kagburu nnwere onwe nke na ama, kama mma n'ihi na ndị nkịtị sara mbara kwuo uche ikike: onye eziokwu, nri ala nwe, nri nke yiri na Diet, na ndị ọzọ.

The oruru nke May 3, 1791 a na-ewere nke mbụ bụ na Europe.

The mbụ n'usoro ochichi nke RSFSR

The mbụ isi n'iwu nke ọhụrụ Soviet Republic pụtara na 1818 na-enwe nke isii ngalaba:

1. ikike nke na-arụ ọrụ na-emegbu ndị mmadụ.
2. General ndokwa.
3. Òtù nke usoro ọchịchị ọhụrụ.
4. Suffrage.
5. Mmefu ego Iwu.
6. On uwe nke aka ya na-ọkọlọtọ.

The mbụ oruru nke RSFSR bụ a collection nke onye vaults, ọ bụla nke mezie ya akporo. The ikike kasị bụ All-Russian Congress of Soviet nke Ọrụ ', agha', Nkịtị na Cossacks 'Deputies. Ebe ọ bụ na-akpọkọta ndị niile na-anọchite anya bụ nnọọ ike, n'etiti congresses ya ọrụ na-rụrụ Russian Central Election Committee (Central Executive Committee). Odeakwụkwọ ya na ndị òtù hoputara na Congress.

Congress na Central Executive Committee nwere a sara mbara iwu na anụ ụlọ na mba ọzọ amụma: doo nke ọhụrụ mba nke RSFSR, mkpebi ịdọrọ si mba, mmekọahụ mba ọzọ, gụnyere nkwupụta nke agha na udo, iwebata ọhụrụ ụtụ isi, na ndị ọzọ.

Congress na Central Executive Committee - a ome iwu na sara mbara ike, ha na-enweghị ike dozie ugbu a na-adịghị adịte nsogbu. Okwu ikpe ndị a na-ọchịchị - na Council of Ndị mmadụ Commissars (SNK). SNK nwere ikike inye iwu, iwu, na ntụziaka, nke na-agba ọsọ na mba mkpa.

Ke ofụri ofụri, RSFSR n'usoro ochichi ebibi kpam kpam ochie ọchịchị: ịbanye a ọchịchị aka ike nke proletariat, na-ekwusa ikike nke na-arụ ọrụ na nkịtị ka onwe oru, free agụmakwụkwọ na. The mba kere a socialist aku na uba.