Turbellarians: e ji mara na nkọwa nke na klas. Representatives turbellarians

Turbellaria ma ọ bụ turbellarians (Turbellaria) bụ nke n'ógbè nke anụmanụ, ụdị flatworms, ihe karịrị 3500 umu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ free-adị ndụ, ma ụfọdụ ụdị bụ nje ndị ọzọ na-ebi ndụ ahụ nke usu. Size nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu iche iche dabere ebe obibi na nri nke ọma. Ụfọdụ ikpuru nwere ike na-hụrụ n'okpuru a microscope, ndị ọzọ iru a ogologo karịa 40 cm.

Nje ndị fọrọ nke nta niile ndị òtù nke ụdị flatworms. Ciliated ikpuru - naanị klas ahụ na-agụnye iche kpam kpam bi na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma ọ bụ a eri ibe.

Worms nwere ike dị na nnu na mmiri, na ooh ala, n'okpuru nkume, nso n'ikperé osimiri nakwa n'ọdọ mmiri. Ụfọdụ na n'elu ala, ndị ọzọ n'okpuru ya. Ihe ole na ole na umu-ebi na usu ahu n'elu, na-a nje, ma enweghị na-eme ihe ọ bụla nsogbu nye ya. The kasị ọtụtụ ma ikpọ nnọchiteanya nke klas bụ planarian, nke-abịa na ụdị nke na agba (site na nwa na-acha ọcha na agba aja aja na-acha anụnụ anụnụ).

Description ọdịdị turbellarians

Class ciliated ikpuru otú aha ya bụ n'ihi na ihe niile nke worm ahụ kpuchie na obere cilia, na-enye ụmụ anụmanụ ije na ije nke ụmụ obere anụmanụ na ohere. N'ịga ciliated ikpuru igwu ma ọ bụ crawling ka a agwọ. Animal Isi udi esisịt, oval ma ọ bụ ubé elongated.

Dị ka ndị òtù nile nke flatworm, ha ahụ anaghị nwere esịtidem oghere. Nke a bilaterally symmetrical ntule na ndokwa n'ihu uche ziri ezi na ọnụ na peritoneal akụkụ nke ahu.

Atụmatụ ciliary cover

Ciliary epithelium bụ nke abụọ iche iche:

• na o doro anya na kewara cilia;
• na gwakọtara cilia n'otu cytoplasmic oyi akwa.

Cilia nwere bụghị ndị nile so na klas nke flatworms. Ciliated iche iche ikpuru n'okpuru epithelial oyi akwa nke hide gland secretion. Imi tọhapụrụ site n'ihu nke ahụ, na-enyere irighiri mmasị na ẹkenịmde ke mkpụrụ elu, nakwa dị ka aga gburugburu na-enweghị adịkwa itule.

Tinyere n'ọnụ nke worm ozu bụ unicellular glands secreting imi na-egbu egbu Njirimara. Nke a imi bụ a ụdị nchebe nke anụmanụ si ọzọ ibu anụ (eg azu).

Ciliated ikpuru karịrị oge, dị ka ọ bụ ndị na isi-nkwọcha, adịkwa iberibe epithelium yiri molting ụmụ anụmanụ.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ akpụkpọ-muscular nwa

Structure turbellarians ka Ọdịdị nke flatworms. Muscular ahụ Nleta a akpụkpọ-muscular bag mejupụtara atọ n'ígwé akwara:

• annular oyi akwa dị n'èzí elu nke ahu;
• diagonal oyi akwa onye emep uta eri na-na n'akuku;
• a longitudinal ala oyi akwa.

Mbenata, muscle hụ ngwa ije na ileghara ihe karịsịa nnukwu ụdị.

alimentary usoro

Ụfọdụ ndị nnọchiteanya turbellarians na-adịghị doro anya na a haziri eriri afọ na ndị beskishechnyh. Ndị ọzọ nwere digestive akụkụ na-anọchi anya a dum usoro nke branched ọwa, na-anapụta nri n'akụkụ nile nke ahu. Ọ bowel Ọdịdị iche iche iche iche turbellarians. Ke adianade beskishechnyh (mụrụ konvolyut) òkè turbellarians:

• rectal (mesostom);
• vetvistokishechnyh (lactic Planaria trikladidy).

N'Ashterọt mmadụ n'otu n'otu na branched eriri afọ na-emi odude nso n'azụ nke ahu, na rectal - na n'ihu. The ọnụ tinyere na worm akpịrị, nke nta nke nta wee na ndị ìsì eriri afọ alaka.

Class ciliated ikpuru pharyngeal gland bụ maka na mpụga (n'elu aru) mgbaze.

oke usoro

Excretory usoro na-anọchi anya a plurality nke pores na n'azụ òkè nke anụmanụ ahụ, site na nke site pụrụ iche ọwa ejected achọghị bekee. The mma ọwa na-jikọọ otu ma ọ bụ isi ihe abụọ n'akụkụ ka eriri afọ.

Mgbe nsia enweghị nhọrọ (excreta) jupụta n'elu ala nke anụ ndị pụrụ iche mkpụrụ ndụ nke mgbe na-ejuputa na-tutu amama n'enweghị nsogbu.

ụjọ usoro

Turbellaria atụmatụ na-agụnye iche dị na Ọdịdị nke ụjọ usoro. Na ụfọdụ ụdị nke netwọk ya na-anọchi anya a obere akwara endings (ganglion) ke n'ihu akụkụ nke ahu.

N'ihi na ndị ọzọ, e nwere ruo 8 ụzọ abụọ nke akwara Kporo na nza nke neuronal branching.

The uche akụkụ na-mepụtara, pụrụ iche ofu cilia na-ahụ maka tactile ọrụ. Ụfọdụ ndị nwere echiche nke itule na ibu ọrụ nke a pụrụ iche n'ahụ statocyst ọkọnọ n'ụdị subcutaneous egosipụta ma ọ bụ olulu.

Uzọ nke mmegharị na-akpasu iwe edinam emee n'èzí site sensilla - megharịa ciliary ahu n'elu ofụri elu.

Na ọnụnọ nke ikpuru kpụrụ statocyst ejikọrọ thereto ortogon - ụbụrụ usoro lattice-ụdị ọwa.

Mepere ịnụ ísì na anya

Turbellarians nwere olfactory akụkụ, nke na-egwu ọrụ dị mkpa ná ndụ ya dị ka a eri ibe. Ọ bụ ekele ha turbellarians chọta nri. On n'akụkụ nke n'ihu ma n'azụ nsọtụ nke ahụ mere ndokwa oghere na-ahụ maka nyefe nke n'ókè si n'èzí na ụmụ irighiri esi ísì bekee ke ụbụrụ ngwa.

Worms enweghị ọhụụ ahụ, ma e nwere ihe ọtụtụ ndị chere na ụfọdụ nnọọ nnukwu terrestrial umu-enwe ike anya ịmata ihe dị iche ihe, ha kpụrụ oghere. Ọ bụ ezie na anya, na ọtụtụ ikpe ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri paired na unpaired anya dị na irighiri na mpaghara nke ụbụrụ ganglia na n'ihu elu nke ahu.

Ìhè na-egbu ndị mwute retinal visual sel concave òkè anya akpalite mgbaàmà ọgbọ, nke a na-anapụta ndị ụbụrụ maka analysis site akwara endings. Retinal mkpụrụ ndụ na-oyiyi nke optic akwara nke na-eziga ozi ndị a na-arịa ọrịa ganglia.

na-eku ume anụmanụ

Class Njirimara ciliated ikpuru dị iche na ụdị flatworm na free-bi n'otu n'otu na-enwe ike itinye uche anyị dum oxygen - ume. Mgbe niile, ọtụtụ flatworms - anaerobes, ya bụ, ibi ndụ ihe ikuku oxygen na-ahụ.

Iku ume dị oké mkpa na-adị site na dum ahu n'elu na-amịkọrọ oxygen kpọmkwem site mmiri site a plurality nke microscopic pores.

Power turbellarians

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a na ụmụ anụmanụ dị anụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere mpụga digestive usoro. Attaching ọnụ a nwere aja, irighiri extracts a pụrụ iche na nzuzo, mepụtara site na pharyngeal glands, nke digests nri n'èzí. Mgbe nke a, irighiri na eme nzuzu na-edozi juices. Nke a na onu na-akpọ mpụga mgbaze.

Ndepụta ụdị flatworms Class ciliary ukwuu n'ime obere crustaceans na ndị ọzọ na invertebrates. Enweghị ike ilo na ịgbawa shei nnukwu crustaceans, ikpuru secrete imi n'ime a pụrụ iche jupụtara enzymes. Ọ softens aja, ọ fọrọ nke nta gbara ya, na irighiri mgbe ahụ dị nnọọ na eme nzuzu na ọdịnaya nke shei.

Ọnụnọ nke nha nha ikpuru-anọchi nke pharynx, na nke ha na ilo nri dum. Ọ bụrụ na aja bụ nnukwu, irighiri nkọ aṅụ mmegharị ọnụ anya mmiri ya a obere ibe, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-adọrọ niile Loot.

amụba

Class ciliated ikpuru ọkọnọ hermaphrodite, na-enwe ma nwoke na nwanyị gonads. Ndị ikom na-na mkpụrụ ndụ na testes. Ha pụọ pụrụ iche nkpuru ọwa na-anapụta spam na nzukọ ebe na àkwá.

Female mmekọahụ akụkụ na-anọchite anya ha ovaries site na nke egg na fallopian akpa na-zitere n'ihu n'ime ikpu, wee kpụrụ n'ime Genital cloaca.

Mmekọahụ njikọta emee site cross. Worms alternately ifatilaiza ọ bụla ọzọ, alternately ịgbanye spam site copulatory ngwa ahụ yiri amụ n'ime ndị mbụ Genital cloaca.

Agbapụ ọmụmụ fertilizes ihe egg na egg-kpụrụ, ntekwasa shei. Anyụpụ worm odude àkwá nke onu gbasirila nwere a yiri anya nke okenye irighiri.

Naanị na turbellarians (ụdị ciliated flatworms Class) si egg-egosi yiri okenye microscopic larvae na igwu mmiri na-enyemaka nke cilia na plankton ruo mgbe ha na-eto eto ma na-abụghị ike ghọọ onye okenye irighiri.

Ndị a ikpuru nwere ike na-eto eto dị ka asexually. Na nke a, ihe ahu nke irighiri na-egosi na ukwu, nke nta nke nta na-ekewa ya abụọ hà akụkụ. Onye ọ bụla mpempe-aghọ a iche iche na onye na-etolite na ya dị mkpa maka akụkụ arụ ọrụ.

Ihe ịtụnanya ike maka imu

Ụfọdụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ciliated ikpuru, ihe atụ, planarian, na-enwe ike ọzọ iji weghachi ahụ mebiri emebi ebe nke ahu. Ọbụna iberibe ahu size of a narị akụkụ nke ndị nile ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nwere ike re-eto eto n'ime a na-fledged ọhụrụ irighiri.

Site na iji Planaria trehvetvistyh otú a mụta na-adị ndụ n'okpuru ọjọọ ya gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe a dị ịrịba ama mmụba na mmiri okpomọkụ, na a ụkọ oxygen ikpuru spontaneously gbasaa n'ime iberibe ga-eweghachi ọzọ site imu mgbe mpụga ọnọdụ laghachi nkịtị.

Turbellarians Planaria - kasị nnọchiteanya nke klas nke bi n'ime ponds. Eri ibe na-azụ na obere invertebrates. Onwe ha dị ka ihe oriri maka azụ ikpuru adịghị enweta n'ihi na nke glands na-emepụta na-egbu egbu bekee.

ụmụ ahụhụ

N'ihi na parasitic turbellarians na-agụnye:

• Temnotsefaly na-adị ndụ na akpụkpọ freshwater invertebrates na mbe, na-ebikwasị n'elu aru nke usu àkwá. Temnotsefaly obere size (15 mm) nke ewepụghị ahụ, e nwere ọtụtụ tentacles. Turbellaria bụ hermaphrodite na bi tumadi na Southern Hemisphere.
• Udonellidy - mbụ nkewa dị flukes, ma ugbu a, ha na-ahọrọ na squad turbellarians. Ha nwere a ahụ na a cylindrical udi na a obere size (ruo 3 mm). Site n'enyemaka nke mmiri iko na-mmasị ka crustaceans, nke, n'aka, na-nje ndị ọzọ na gills nke nnukwu mmiri na azu.

Ụfọdụ ụdị turbellarians hụrụ naanị na Baikal mmiri, n'ihi na ịpụ iche nke mmiri ya. Kasị turbellarians bụghị naanị adịghị emerụ, ma ihe akụkụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi ha. Ebibi obere mollusks, ha na-n'okpuru akara ndị bi na nke invertebrates, bụghị ikwe ka ọ na-eto eto na-echeghị na nha.