Manganese ore: m, Ngwuputa. Mee nke manganese ore na ụwa

Manganese ore - a ịnweta mineral. Ha dị iche na mkpa na ulo oru na uru akụ na ụba. Ndị a gụnyere mineral ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Brown, rhodonite, rhodochrosite, bustamite, pyrolusite, manganite na ndị ọzọ. Manganese ores na-hụrụ na niile kọntinent (e na-gụnyere na ókèala ndị Russian Federation).

ụwa ebuka

Ka ụbọchị, manganese ore na-hụrụ na 56 mba. Kasị nke ego na na-na Africa (banyere 2/3). Total manganese ore mee n'ụwa, dị ka usoro iwu mgbawa, ego na 21 nde tọn (irè 5 ijeri). More karịa 90% nke ha na stratiform ego - ego na-ejikọta ya na sedimentary nkume. Ndị ọzọ na-akọ na weathering jikọrọ ọnụ na hydrothermal isi mmalite.

95% nke ebuka ekesịpde mba 11 - Ukraine, South Africa, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Australia, Georgia, Brazil, Russia, China, India na Bulgaria. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na na China na àgwà nke eke ore bụ dịtụ ala, China a na-ewere a ndú na mmepụta nke mbupụ ore. Ke adianade do, ọ na-enye ọtụtụ nke minerals ewepụtara ndị a ngwaọrụ.

zoning

World mmepụta nke manganese ore dị iche iche zoning. Dị ka ihe atụ, isi akụrụngwa oxide na-edebe naanị na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe ụrọ sandstones nkịtị. N'ebe oké osimiri na oké osimiri, na-carbonate ore. Ndị a gụnyere calcium rhodochrosite, rhodochrosite na manganocalcite. Dị otú ahụ manganese ore na-ezukọ na mpaghara na flasks na clays. Ọzọ ụdị ego - metamorphosed. Ndị a na-egwute bụ ahụkarị India.

Ihe odide kasị ochie ore

Nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ na isi mmalite nke minerals, manganese ore na ụwa e guzobere nnọọ dị iche iche oge nke mmepe nke jikọrọ ọnụ nke ụwa anyị. Ha pụtara na Precambrian na Cenozoic oge. Ụfọdụ nodules na oké osimiri n'ala na-anakọta a ụbọchị.

Otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-ewere Brazil ígwè quartzites na Indian gondity, nke pụtara na Precambrian metallogenic epoch na geosynclinal formations. Na n'otu oge ahụ, e nwere Ghana Manganese ore (m nsutite-Dagvino) na South Africa (ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kalahari Desert). Obere ebuka nke Early Paleozoic Era bụ na United States, China na Russia nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. China kasị ukwuu ego nke oge a na-ewere Shanvutu na Hunan Province. Manganese ore mined na Russia-emi odude ke Far East (ugwu nke Lesser Hinggan) na Kuznetsky Alatau.

Mbubreyo Paleolithic na Cenozoic

Manganese ore mbubreyo Paleozoic oge e ji mara ndị Central Kazakhstan, ebe abụọ isi e na-mepụtara - Ushkatyn-W na Dzhezdinskoe. Key minerals - Brown hausmannite, hematite, manganite, na pyromorphite psilomelane. Mbubreyo Cretaceous na Jurassic volcanism eduba manganese ore na Trans-Baikal mpaghara, ihe Caucasus, New Zealand na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke North America. The kasị ibu ego nke oge a Groote Island chọpụtara na 1960. na Australia.

The Cenozoic oge bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ ìgwè manganese ore n'ebe ndịda nke East European Platform (Mangyshlanskoe, Chiatura nkwụnye ego Nikopol ọdọ mmiri). Mgbe ahụ manganese ore e na ndị ọzọ na mpaghara nke ụwa. Na Bulgaria Obrochishte nkwụnye ego kpụrụ, na na Gabon - Moanda. All nke ha na-ji mineralized ájá na ụrọ ego na ya. Mineral ndị dị ugbu a n'ụdị oolites, nodules, ụyọkọ na earthy concretions. Ọzọ ọdọ mmiri nke manganese ore (Ural) pụtara na Tertiary oge. Ọ na-esetị maka 300 kilomita. Nke a oyi akwa nke manganese ores ike nke 1 3 mita ekpuchi ọwụwa anyanwụ mkpọda nke Ural Ugwu.

ore ụdị

E nwere ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ụdị ego nke manganese ores volcanogenic-sedimentary, sedimentary, metamorphogenic na weathering. Anọ ndị a na ụdị doro anya guzo ndị kasị mkpa maka ụwa aku na uba. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere sedimentary ego na ya. Ha na-lekwasị gburugburu 80% niile ebuka nke manganese ore na ụwa.

Ọtụtụ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ego kpụrụ na laguunu na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri-mmiri efere. Nke a Georgian Chiatura m, Kazakhstan Mangystau, Bulgarian Obrochishte. Ọzọkwa, ha nnukwu size dị iche Ukrainian Nikopol ọdọ mmiri. Ya ore na-amị ubi agbatị tinyere osimiri Ingulets na Dnepr. Nso obodo - Zaporozhye na Nikopol. Pool bụ a elongated warara nke a obosara nke 5 kilomita na 250 kilomita ogologo. Plast - bụ aja ụrọ mkpọ na anya m, concretions. Manganese ore, photos nke ị pụrụ ịhụ na isiokwu, ụgha na a omimi nke 100 mita.

Mmiri n'okpuru osimiri na mgbawa ugwu ego

Manganese ore mined bụghị naanị na ala ma na-mmiri n'okpuru osimiri. Ha na-eme otú tumadi na United States na Japan, nke na-adịghị nnukwu mee na "akọrọ" ebe. A haziri mmiri n'okpuru osimiri m manganese ore bụ na a omimi nke 5 kilomita.

Ọzọ ụdị formations - mgbawa ugwu. N'ihi na ndị a ego na-ji nkwurịta okwu na ferruginous na carbonate nkume. The ore ozu na-emekarị bụ ngwa ngwa pinches si na-ezighị ezi anya m, n'ígwé na lentil. Ha na-ekewet nke carbonates, ígwè na manganese. Ike dị otú ahụ ore ozu bụ site 1 10 mita. Site mgbawa ugwu-sedimentary ụdị bụ ego nke Kazakhstan na Russia (Il-Niliyskoe na Primagnitogorskoe). Ọ bụkwa ore Salair Ridge (siliceous porphyry-guzobere).

Weathering jikọrọ ọnụ na ore metamorphogenic

Field weathering nkụ kpụrụ akpụ site na decomposition nke manganese ore. Ndị ọkachamara na-ezo aka yiri kasịnụ nke okpu. Udiri anumanu nke ụdị nwere na Brazil, India, Venezuela, Australia, South Africa na Canada. Ndị a ores gụnyere vernadite psilomelane na pyrolusite. Ha na-hiwere site ọxịdashọn nke rhodonite na rhodochrosite manganocalcite.

Metamorphogenic ores kpụrụ n'oge kọntaktị ma ọ bụ mpaghara metamorphism nwere nkume na sedimentary manganese ores. N'ihi ya, e rhodonite na bustamite. Otu ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ ego na - Karsakpay na Kazakhstan.

Russian ego nke manganese ores

Urals - a isi Manganese ore Ngwuputa mpaghara Russia. Industrial ego nke oké nkume belt nwere ike ekewet abụọ na ụdị: mgbawa ugwu na sedimentary. Nke ikpeazụ na-emi odude ke Ordovician sediments. Nke a na-agụnye Chuvalskaya otu na Perm mpaghara. Oké n'adịghị ya Parnoksky nkwụnye ego Komi. Ọ chọpụtara na 1987 site na a geological njem si Vorkuta. The nkwụnye ego dị na di ala ala nke na-Polar Urals, 70 km si tupu. Nke a guzobere na-emi odude na ókè-ala n'etiti shales na nkume nzu. Ọ pụta ìhè a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isi mineralized ebe: Pachvozhsky, Magnetik, Far na East.

Dị ka ndị ọzọ ubi nke ụdị na ubi Parnoksky kasị carbonate, na manganese oxidized nkume. Ha na-ji a ude ma ọ bụ aja aja na agba na esịnede rhodonite na rhodochrosite. Larịị nke manganese na ha - banyere 24%.

akụ na ụba nke Urals

Dịtụ-agụghị oké ghọtara Upper Chuvalskie ego dị na Perm mpaghara. The elu etoju ke ọxịdashọn mpaghara na ha mepụtara aja aja na nwa ígwè-manganese ore. Na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ná mkpọda Ural nkịtị sedimentary ego (Kipchak Chelyabinsk region, Akkerman na Orenburg). Development malitere ke akpatre oge nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.

Na iri asaa kilomita site isi obodo nke Bashkortostan, Ufa obodo, bụ Upper sedimentary nkwụnye ego Ulu Telyak. manganese nkume nzu dị ebe a Njirimara ìhè aja aja. Ihu ọma a detrital ihe kpụrụ mgbe mbibi nke bụ isi ores. Ọ na-emi esịnede vernadite, chalcedony na psilomelane.

Na Sverdlovsk region bụ Paleogene sedimentary ego na ya. Ebe a na-anọchi a nnukwu North-Ural efere, inyịme ka fọrọ nke nta 300 kilomita. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ manganese ore nnukwu nwapụtaworo mee na mpaghara. Pool agụnye iri na ise ubi. The kasị ibu nke ha - na Catherine, Yuzhno-Berezovsky, New Berezovsky Berezovsky Yurkinskoe, Marsyatskoe, Ivdelsky, Lozvinskoe, Tyninskoe. Obodo ọdọ-edina na ájá, clays, ájá, silts na gravels.