Turbo engine: nkọwa, àgwà, na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ na photos

Kwa ọkwọ ụgbọala maara na esịtidem combustion engine na ngwaọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe na-ekewa ikuku na turbocharged. Ma, ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla na-aghọta ihe dị iche n'etiti ike nkeji. Ka anyị anya na ihe dị iche n'etiti TURBO engine, otú ọ na-arụ ọrụ na otú ọ na-arụ ọrụ. Ịmara ihe ndị a Motors na Ihe Nlereanya oge a nkeji VAG otu.

petrol TURBO

Mmanụ ụgbọala TURBO - bụ esịtidem combustion engine na ihe artificially ụba n'ihi na tobaim ogo mkpakọ n'ime-ulo nile. Mmụba nke egosi enye na-abawanye na ike na ndị ọzọ na oru e ji mara. Kemgbe inception nke mbụ esịtidem combustion engine injinia gbalịrị tinye ike enweghị ọkpụrụkpụ mgbanwe ke Ndahie olu nke engine.

Ke akpa ilekiri, mkpebi ahụ fọrọ n'elu - ọ dị mkpa iji nyere ndị moto ọzọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na "eku ume". Nke a ga-enye ihe kasị mma combustion e ji mara nke mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta. Nke a nwere ike na-enweta site ọzọ ikuku ọkọnọ. N'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa na-enye n'ime cylinders na-amanye, nrụgide. Na ndị ọzọ na ikuku olu nke mmanụ ụgbọala bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu combusted, na nke ga-enyere dịkwuo ike. Ma teknụzụ ndị a na-ẹkenam nnọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ. Ná mmalite nke TURBO-Compressor ngwá e ji mee nanị maka nnukwu engines nke ụgbọ mmiri na ugbo elu.

History mmanụ ụgbọala turbocharged esịtidem combustion engine

The mbụ TURBO engine e arụnyere na narị afọ gara aga. First akpakanamde turbocharged esịtidem combustion engine malitere na-emepụta na 1938. Ná mmalite 60 na United States malitere na-emepụta mbụ na tobaim engines maka njem ụgbọala. Nke a ụgbọ ala Oldmobile Jetfire na Chevrolet Corvair Monza. N'ihi na ihe niile ya ịrụ ọrụ engines na-ji elu pụrụ ịdabere na anwụ ngwa ngwa.

malite na-ewu ewu

Popular turbocharged esịtidem combustion engine malitere na 70s. Ha malitere iru massively egwuregwu ụgbọala. Ma na obodo engine TURBO ụgbọala abụghị na-ewu ewu n'ihi na elu mmanụ ụgbọala oriri. Nke a emezighị emezi dị iche niile turbocharged mmanụ ụgbọala engines nke oge. Ma mmanụ ụgbọala oriri dị nnọọ mkpa n'oge ahụ. Nke a oge nwere mmanụ nsogbu ke 70s.

Device mmanụ ụgbọala TURBO-combustion engine

The algọridim na-arụ ọrụ mmanụ ụgbọala turbocharged Powertrain bụ ojiji nke a pụrụ iche Compressor. The nsogbu ikpeazụ - agbara ndi mmadu n'ime ọzọ ikuku olu nke combustion ụlọ. Site rụọ ndochi nke cylinders na a ngwakọta nke ikuku na mmanụ ụgbọala na-amụba pụtara irè nsogbu na ike kwa okirikiri na-ụba. The mbanye usoro iyuzucha gas turbochargers na-eji, ume nke na-eme bara uru ọrụ.

Modern Compressor bụ a ahu na a na-amị, a wheel, a uzo valvụ, a tobaim ụlọ. dị ịtụ ọwa nke ikpeazụ. Ọzọkwa ugbu ke Ọdịdị nke ahụ rotor aro, na biarin, na Compressor, na pneumatic actuator nke uzo valvụ. N'ihe banyere ebe biarin na-n'ịnyịnya, a na-n'ịnyịnya a rotor. Ọ bụ a aro na tobaim na Compressor wheel n'elu ya. Ke akpatre e nwere pupụtara. Nke a rotor nwere ike bugharia site eji biarin. N'ihi na ha lubrication na obi jụrụ mmanụ na-ọnọ si lubrication usoro nke engine. Iji nwetakwuo mma agba ụlọ, na-eji coolant ọwa. Nke a Compressor mmewere na mere ke udi nke a eju.

ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe

Tobaim nozulu na jikọọ na iyuzucha manifold. A Compressor - uzo mmiri. Dị ka e kwuworo, na turbocharger chụpụrụ site ume nke iyuzucha gas. Ha na-na kọntaktị na tobaim rotor na-agba gburugburu, si otú na-enye ike. Ọzọkwa, site na iyuzucha anwụrụ, haruru tinye iyuzucha usoro.

na a Compressor wheel "eju" n'ịnyịnya na otu aro. N'ihi na adiana nke tobaim Compressor wheel eme nzuzu ikuku si ikuku nyo na nfuli ya n'ime combustion ụlọ. Dabere na larịị nke agbam ume ngwaọrụ nwere ike melite mgbali ike si 30% na 80%. Na nke a na engine na otu olu nke ngwakọta nwere ike na-na nnukwu ichekwa. Ọ bụ site na nke a ike unit na-elu site 20% 50%. Iyuzucha, haruru na ume ha na-n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ụba moto arụmọrụ.

TURBO nkeji

Odika otu bụ ndokwa na engine TURBO (dizel). Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke turbocharger anaghị si dị iche na mmanụ ụgbọala. The naanị ihe dị iche - ọnụnọ nke ihe intercooler. Nke a bụ a pụrụ iche usoro na-cools ikuku tupu ya abatakwa cylinders. Olu nke oyi ikuku na-erughị na-ekpo ọkụ. Nke a pụtara na oyi na-atụ ntụ nwere ike "igwu" na cylinder na ibu ibu.

TSI engines

A nkeji na-arụnyere na nke ugbu a nlereanya nke "Volkswagen" ụgbọ ala "Audi" na "Skoda". Ha niile si n'otu nchegbu. Manufacturers na-ekwu na nke a bụ ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke engines, nke na-agwakọta ike na arụmọrụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị mkpa na-eche na ndị nkịtị na oge gboo esịtidem combustion engine na ala olu, ike pụrụ iche site na ya. Ọ bụrụ na ụgbọala ibu hà otu ton, na a ala-na-ike engine, a ga-eduga elu mmanụ ụgbọala oriri n'ihi na ala Ọnọdụ na ime na elu gbapụrụ ọsọ.

Engine na a nnukwu olu nke a elu eruba ọnụego n'ihi ubara combustion ụlọ. Turbo-engines ( "Skoda Octavia", "Volkswagen" na "Audi") - bụ a ọrụ ebube nke injinịa. Na ndị a ike nkeji jikọtara umeala oriri na-ezuru ike na a dịtụ obere olu.

TSI: ngwaọrụ

Site olu, a nkeji nwere ike dị iche iche. N'ihi ya, DVS emepụta 1.2; 1.4; 1.6 lita. Na engine TURBO 1.8, 2.0 l. engine ike na-abawanye ruru ka a ibu olu. Ma ọ bụ mkpebi ziri ezi. Ma mgbe ahụ na-ekwu banyere ihe dị iche na.

Turbocharged na supercharged

TSI - bụ ma turbocharged na supercharged unit. VAG ìgwè ndị ọkachamara na ji a imewe ka dozie nsogbu nke a ọkọlọtọ moto. Ọ metụrụ mkpịsị akwụkwọ na obere engine revs. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle kpochapụwo TURBO, na "eju" ọrụ ruru ka iyuzucha, haruru. Pressure ike na-arụ ọrụ na obere ọsọ adịghị ekwe ka ndị supercharger ike chọrọ ike na nri n'ime combustion ulo a zuru ezu ego nke ikuku.

1.8 TURBO engine ( "VW") arụnyere Compressor. Ọ dịghị enye ike-ada. Oke torque na nkịtị ikuku engine bụ na banyere 5000 rev. / Min. N'ihe banyere Motors TSI torque kacha bụ na nso site na 1500 rev. / Min na 4500 rev. / Min. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ nso, nke na-eji ọtụtụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala. The TSI Motors site eji nke abụọ turbines na-pressurized ka 2.5 mmanya.

Compressor

Nzukọ a na-arụ ọrụ site na a iche iche mbanye belt ụdị. O nwere a elu gia ruru. The Compressor na-Switched na mgbe na-akwọ presses na gas. Na gbapụrụ ọsọ nso idling, nrụgide nke 0,8 Baa - nke a bụ nnọọ ọtụtụ. N'ihi na nke a, ọ na-eme ka ndị magburu onwe ike arụmọrụ. Ebe ọ bụ na engine na-agba ọsọ "Audi" 1.8 TURBO TSI. A ọgbọ gara aga, ndị a Motors na-adịghị onwem na a Compressor. E nwere nanị ndị tobaim.

The turbocharged engine 1,8 si "VW"

Nke a unit bụ na ahịa maka banyere 20 afọ. Nlereanya a nke esịtidem combustion engine bụ nnọọ ewu ewu na ulo oru ina engines na turbocharging. Nke a engine onwem na ọtụtụ ụdị nke ụgbọala si VAG otu. The mpụta mbụ nke nzukọ a weere ọnọdụ na 1995.

N'ihi na oge mbụ na engine ( "Volkswagen Passat" b5) 1.8 TURBO e arụnyere na Audi "A4" (ee, ha na-eji otu Motors). Ma ihe ndị atụmatụ, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị na ike nke 150 na 210 horsepower. Na 2002 anyị kere engine ike nke 190 "ịnyịnya". The turbocharged engine nke "Volkswagen" bụ mmalite nke ihe kpamkpam ọhụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma na-akwanyere ndị petrol engine. O nyere ezigbo arụmọrụ na a dịtụ obere ego ruru ka tobaim. Ihe nke a ígwè bụ agafeghị oke agụụ. "A4" nlereanya nke "Audi" erepịakwa 8 lita kwa 100 kilomita na okporo ụzọ. Na obodo mepere emepe ntọala, mmanụ ụgbọala oriri bụghị ihe karịrị 10 lita. Site na-enwe valvụ 20 na cylinder isi na turbocharger, engineer "VW" nwere ike na-enweta elu udu nke torque tupu ọkụ enweta na larịị 2 puku.

Ya mere, nke a engine na-achọkwa magburu onwe ekwedo, nke bụ peculiar ka TURBO ntọala, ma ọ bụ omenala na-arụ ọrụ - mmanụ ụgbọala. Nke a unit nwekwara ike ngwa ngwa ga-ghọrọ ka gas. The ike osisi bụ onye nke kasị mma na dum nso. Performance, agafeghị oke mmanụ ụgbọala oriri na elu pụrụ ịdabere nwere ike ịnya isi engine. "Passat" (1,8 TURBO) nwere dịghị bughi unit kọrọ. Ọbụna ugbu a, na oge a na oge nke ndị TSI, a engine fọrọ nke nta hà dịghị.

Turbo: uru na ọghọm

Isi plus nwere TURBO - ụba ike. Nke a bụ isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ, nke e-enweta enweghị ịrịba mgbanwe Ọdịdị. Mgbe hà mpịakọta na ikuku Motors TURBO engine pụrụ ịnapụta ruo 70% ọzọ torque na ike. Compressor ebelata pasent nke emerụ bekee na iyuzucha, haruru. The engine onwem na tobaim nwere a ukwuu ala mkpọtụ larịị. Ndị a ike osisi nwere ike arụnyere na bụla ugbo ala. Isi drawback - elu mmanụ ụgbọala oriri. The ego nke ikuku na-abawanye, na-enwekwu ndị ego nke mmanụ ụgbọala gwusia. Nsogbu a injinia na-apụghị idozi. Ọzọkwa ọghọm na-agụnye ihe isi ike na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị a esịtidem combustion engines bụ nnọọ mwute àgwà nke manu na mmanụ. Na mgbakwunye na ọghọm agụnye ala ndụ nke mmanụ na nhicha ahụ nzacha. The moto-agba na elu na-agba. N'ihi na nke a mmanụ ngwa ngwa nke na-atụfu ya Njirimara.