Types of muscle anụ ahụ na ha atụmatụ

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ele anya na ụdị muscle anụ ahụ. Nke a bụ a dị nnọọ mkpa isiokwu na bayoloji, n'ihi na onye ọ bụla kwesịrị ịmata otú na-arụ ọrụ anyị uru. Ha na-anọchi anya a mgbagwoju usoro, ọmụmụ nke nke, anyị na-atụ anya ka ị ga-enwe mmasị. Na inyere mma iji anya nke uche ụdị muscle anụ ahụ oyiyi na ị ga-ahụ n'isiokwu a. Mbụ niile, anyị na-enye ndị definition, nke dị mkpa na-amụ isiokwu.

Akwara anụ - a pụrụ iche otu nke mmadụ anụ ahụ na ụmụ anụmanụ, isi ọrụ nke bụ ya Mbelata na-eme ka ije nke ahụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke ya akụkụ ke oghere. Nke a ọrụ kwekọrọ na Ọdịdị nke isi ọcha na-eme ka dị iche iche iche nke na muscle anụ ahụ. A ọcha nwere a longitudinal nghazi na ihe elongated myofibrils, na-agụnye ya otu ndị contractile edozi - myosin na actin. Akwara anụ ahụ dị ka epithelial anụ ahụ bụ otu otu dị ka ya isi ọcha na-mepụtara site na-amalite amalite na isi mmalite.

Mbelata muscle anụ ahụ

Ya na mkpụrụ ndụ, nakwa dị ka akwara, n'okpuru nduzi nke eletriki na chemical pulses nwere ike obi ụtọ. Ha nwere ikike kpum (ebelata) omume a akpan akpan mkpali jikọtara ọnụnọ nke myofibrillar protein kpọmkwem akụkụ, ọ bụla nke na-emi esịnede microfilaments mkpirikpi protein emep uta eri. N'aka nke ya, ha na-ekewa n'ime myosin (thicker) na actin (mkpa) emep uta eri. Na nzaghachi akwara mmalite ebelata iche iche na ụdị muscle anụ ahụ. Cut na muscle na-ebute site ná tinyere akwara Scion site a ọgụgụ akwara mbufe ozi, nke bụ acetylcholine. Akwara mkpụrụ ndụ na ahụ ebu ike ịzọpụta atụmatụ e tinyere na mbenata dị iche iche uru mgbe ike a tọhapụrụ ka okpomọkụ. Ọ bụ ya mere, mgbe ahụ na-gụrụ obi jụrụ, aka emee. Ọ bụghị na ndị ọzọ, dị ka ugboro ugboro muscle mkpi.

Ị nwere ike ịhọrọ ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke muscle anụ ahụ, dabere na ụdị ihe owuwu a na-na contractile ngwa:-eji ire ụtọ na striated. Ha na-agụnye histogenetic ụdị dị iche na Ọdịdị.

Striated muscle anụ ahụ

Myotomes mkpụrụ ndụ, nke na-kpụrụ si dorsal mesodamụ, bụ isi iyi nke ya mmepe. Nke a anụ ahụ na-emi esịnede elongated muscle emep uta eri na-enwe ụdị nke cylinders, na nsọtụ nke na-kwuru. 12 cm n'ogologo na 80 microns n'obosara nweta ndị a formations. Symplasts (multi-isi agụmakwụkwọ) na-ẹdude ke center nke muscle emep uta eri. N'èzí ha n'akụkụ mkpụrụ ndụ na-akpọ "myosatellite cell." Sarcolemma ejedebeghị eriri. Ọ na-kpụrụ plasmolemma symplast na n'okpuru ala akpụkpọ ahụ. N'okpuru basal akpụkpọ ahụ emep uta eri na-ndokwa miosatelliototsity - nke mere na ha na-akpata nchegbu plasmolemma symplast cytolemma. Ndị a na mkpụrụ ndụ bụ skeletal muscle idobere cambium anụ ahụ, nakwa na ọ na-rụrụ na-efu nke imu-ọzọ na emep uta eri. Myosymplasts ma e wezụga plasmolemma gụnyere nwekwara sarcoplasm (cytoplasm) na ndokwa circumferentially ọtụtụ nuclei.

Pụtara nke striated muscle anụ ahụ

Na-akọwa ụdị nke muscle anụ ahụ, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na onyeisi ngwaọrụ striated dum moto usoro. Ọ Nleta skeletal uru. Ọzọkwa, a na ụdị ákwà bụ akụkụ nke akụkụ ahụ ndị dị ka pharynx, ire, obi, elu na nkọlọ na ndị ọzọ. The ngụkọta uka bụ na okenye mmadụ bụ ruo 40% site na ibu ibu, na ndị agadi, na ụmụ ọhụrụ, ọ ike - 20-30%.

Akụkụ nke striated muscle anụ ahụ

Mbelata nke ụdị muscle anụ ahụ, na-emekarị nwere ike na òkè nke nsụhọ. Ọ nwere a ubé elu ọsọ tụnyere na-eji ire ụtọ. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na ụdị nke muscle anụ ahụ dị iche iche (na-eji ire ụtọ, anyị ga-ekwu okwu ngwa ngwa, anyị na-arịba ụfọdụ nke ndị ọzọ dị iche iche n'etiti abụọ). Na striated muscle akwara aghọta ugbu a na ọnọdụ nke muscle anụ ahụ, wee na-agafe ya site na afferent emep uta eri nke akwara emmepe, maka ụkpụrụ nke moto usoro. Control muscle ọrụ n'ókè na-ọnọ si njikwa n'ụdị nke akwara esi gboo ma ọ bụ site autonomic efferent moto akwara ozi.

Ezigbo muscle anụ ahụ

N'ịnọgide na-akọwa ụdị nke mmadụ muscle anụ ahụ, n'ihu ire ụtọ. Ọ na-kpụrụ spindle ekara mkpụrụ ndụ, nke ogologo bụ si 15 500 microns, na dayameta bụ na nso si 2 10 microns. N'adịghị ka striated muscle emep uta eri, ndị a na mkpụrụ ndụ nwere otu ntọala. Ọzọkwa, ha na-adịghị cross-striations.

Meaning ire ụtọ muscle anụ ahụ

Site contractile ọrụ nke ụdị muscle anụ ahụ na-adabere na ịrụ ọrụ nke niile na usoro nke ahụ, n'ihi na ọ bụ akụkụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ha. Ka ihe atụ, ezigbo muscle anụ ahụ na management nke airway n'obosara, ọbara arịa, eriri akpa nwa contractions, urinary eriri afo, na mmejuputa anyị moto ọrụ nke digestive tract. Ọ nachi dayameta nke nwa akwụkwọ nke anya, na-atụ ke a dịgasị iche iche nke ndị ọzọ na ọrụ dị iche iche n'ahụ usoro.

muscle n'ígwé

Akwara n'ígwé akpụ ụdị anụ ahụ na mgbidi Lymph na ọbara arịa, na ihe nile oghere akụkụ. Na-emekarị na ọ bụ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ n'ígwé. Oké okirikiri - mpụta oyi akwa apụtachaghị e a mkpa longitudinal - esịtidem. Nri muscle ọbara arịa, irighiri akwara na muscle mkpụrụ ndụ ịgbatị yiri ndị axis n'etiti ha ibé. Ezigbo muscle mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike kere n'ime 2 ụdị: unitary (ike grouped) na kwurula myocytes.

kwurula myocytes

Standalone ọrụ nnọọ onwe ha nke ọ bụla ọzọ, dị ka a na-innervated site akwara agwụcha ọ bụla dị otú ahụ cell. Ha chọpụtara na muscle n'ígwé nke nnukwu ọbara arịa, nakwa dị ka na ciliary muscle nke anya. Ọzọkwa na-ezo aka a ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ na-eme ka uru ahụ, na-eweli ntutu.

unitary myocytes

Unitary muscle mkpụrụ ndụ, na iche, na-anya nwere njikọ chiri anya na onye ọ bụla ọzọ nke mere na ha membranes agaghị nnọọ abut tightly ka onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-etolite desmosomes, ma jikota akpụ Nexus (ọdịiche junctions). Tufts na-guzobere n'ihi nke na-akpakọrịta. Ha n'obosara bụ banyere 100 microns na ogologo bụ ọtụtụ mm. Ha na-etolite a na netwọk, na ya mkpụrụ ndụ na-kpara collagen emep uta eri. Fibers autonomic akwara ozi na-innervated site na ibé na ha ọtọ nkeji nke ire ụtọ muscle anụ ahụ. Depolarization n'oge excitation doo nke otu cell na-agbasa ngwa ngwa na ha gbara agbata obi dị ka obere eguzogide ọdịiche junctions. Esịnede unitary mkpụrụ ndụ nke anụ ahụ bụ, na ọtụtụ akụkụ. Nke a na-agụnye ureters, akpanwa, digestive tract.

mbenata myocytes

Mbelata na-eji ire ụtọ muscle cell anụ ahụ mere ka a striated, na mmekọrịta nke actin na myosin filaments. Nke a yiri iche iche na ụdị muscle anụ ahụ na ụmụ mmadụ. Ndị a uzo na-ekesa n'ime mioplazmy obere n'usoro karịa striated muscle. Nke a na-akọwa na enweghị cross-striations na-eji ire ụtọ muscle anụ ahụ. Intracellular calcium bụ njedebe actuator ịchịkwa ndị na mmekọrịta nke myosin na actin filaments (i.e., Mbelata ke myocytes). The otu na-emetụta ndị striated muscle. Otú ọ dị, nkọwa dị iche budata si akara usoro nke ikpeazụ.

Na-ewere ọnọdụ na ihe ndị kasị thicker muscle anụ ahụ ezigbo vegetative axons Ụdị synapses na-adịghị, nke bụ ihe e ji mara nke striated anụ ahụ, ndim na ọtụtụ dị tinyere dum ogologo, nke na-egwu ọrụ nke synapses. Ndim secrete ogbugbo na diffuses odude esote myocytes. Ihe nnabata ụmụ irighiri hụrụ n'elu nke myocytes. Na ha, bụ onye ogbugbo na interacts. Ọ na-akpata depolarization nke myocyte na elu akpụkpọ ahụ.

Atụmatụ ezigbo muscle anụ ahụ

The ụjọ usoro, autonomic ya ngalaba jisiri enweghị òkè nke nsụhọ ọrụ ezigbo muscle. Eriri afo uru bụ naanị ma e wezụga. Control n'ókè na-ghọtara ma ozugbo ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ - by mmiri ọgwụ (chemical, humoral) nzaghachi.

Energy na n'ibu Njirimara nke ụdị enye ịnọgide Akwara ụda (jisiri) mgbidi oghere akụkụ na arịa. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na-akpa ákwà bụ ezigbo ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị irè, ọ dịghị achọ nnukwu expenditures nke ATP. Ọ nwere ala ọsọ karịa nke striated muscle anụ ahụ, ma ọ nwere ike na-ebelata n'ihi na a ogologo oge, ke adianade do, ike ịzụlite a ọkpụrụkpụ voltaji na ịdị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe, n'ogologo.

Ya mere, anyị na-ele anya na ụdị muscle anụ ahụ na peculiarities nke ha bughi nzukọ. N'ezie, nke a bụ nnọọ ihe ọmụma bụ isi. O nwere ike ịbụ ogologo oge na-akọwa ụdị nke muscle anụ ahụ. Ọgụgụ ga-enyere gị aka iji anya nke uche ha.