Ụdị ala mmiri na àgwà ha

Isiokwu a ga-atụle otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị eke formations, nke bụ a ibé rehumidified n'ala n'elu na a oyi akwa nke peat na pụrụ iche e ji mara nanị maka ndị dị otú ahụ ebe akwukwo nri forms emegharị ka ọnọdụ nke oxygen erughi, na-adịghị ike na-agba ọsọ mmiri na ngafe mmiri.

A ga-ọkọnọ dị iche iche nke ala mmiri na ha nkenke e ji mara.

ozi izugbe

E nwere 3 isi atụmatụ etiti:

• Redundancy na agaghinihu mmiri.
• Ọnụnọ nke a kpọmkwem, e ji mara maka ala mmiri ahịhịa.
• Peat guzobere usoro.

Wetlands na-na-ezo aka ebe osisi mgbọrọgwụ ike ghara iru ịnweta ala.

guzobere

Tupu ị mara, ihe bụ isi ụdị nke ala mmiri, chọpụta otú ha na-guzobere.

N'ihi guzobere ndị dị otú ahụ na ngalaba redundancy mkpa ịnọgide na mmiri na ala na n'elu ya, na-adịghị ike mmiri mgbanwe (na t. H., Na ala). N'aka nke ya, na-enweghị oxygen mere site ngafe mmiri na-egbochi ohere nke ikuku n'ime n'ala, na njikọ na nke e nwere ezughi oke mgbasa (ma ọ bụ ọxịdashọn) remnants nke na-anwụ anwụ ahịhịa na peat a kpụrụ. Ikpeazụ - a ala mkpụrụ ya na akwa mmiri ọdịnaya. Ọ rọrọ kpamkpam nke akadiahade osisi. Ihe e ji mara peat mgbanwe degrees nke decomposition. Ka ihe atụ, decomposition ogo 70% pụtara na 70 percent akadiahade nwụrụ anwụ osisi, na 30 - ọ dịghị. Nke a na ụdị mkpụrụ bụ magburu onwe ya na mmiri-nketa ikike, otú e nwere bụ nnọọ ihe a elu mmiri ọdịnaya (banyere 97% nke mkpokọta olu).

Ụdị ala mmiri na àgwà ha

Site udia ọnọdụ na iche-iche iche fen (iche iche eutrophic), ndị mepere (mesotrophic) na sadulu (oligotrophic) karị na-enwe a concave, ewepụghị na convex elu shapes.

N'okpuru ala ala (eutrophic) na-ezo swamps dị na Ikuku na hydrated elu ma ala mmiri ala, ndị ọgaranya na ịnweta salts. N'ịnyịnya advantageously nri ọdịda si ikuku, nke bụ nnọọ ọgaranya ịnweta salts. Marshes bụ na-akwụsị akwụsị n'etiti otu.

Ahịhịa, na-emeri na ebe, ịmata ihe dị iche ọhịa, ahịhịa, shrub na akpaetu ụdị ala mmiri. Dị microrelief - ugwu ugwu, ewepụghị, convex. Marsh - a bụ ala mmiri marshes.

Russian apiti

Ụdị Russian swamps tụlee n'okpuru. Ma - izugbe ọmụma.

Area marshes na Russia bụ mkpokọta 1.4 nde square ụkwụ. km (banyere 10% nke mba n'elu). Dị ka ike ike atụmatụ, ha na-lekwasị gburugburu 3000 cubic mita. m static eke mmiri mee.

Apiti - ọ bụ ezi a mgbagwoju eke usoro. Ọ mejupụtara interconnected biotopes, nke na-ji ike wetting, ọnụnọ nke a ụdị mmiri-n'anya osisi na ìgwè dị iche iche organic residues dị ka ájá ma ọ bụ peat. Na ọnọdụ dịgasị iche iche nke Russian idụhe, ọdịdị ala, na dabere na-apụtaghị ìhè na nkume na-imepe dị iche iche nke swamps, onye ọ bụla dị iche iche na e ji mara peat ego, ndepụta mmiri na ọnọdụ na ya igbapu e ji mara ahịhịa.

Ihe na-esonụ iche nke ike ọkọnọ Russia marshes: ala ala, upland na ndị mepere.

Ọdịdị nke ike

N'okpuru ndị e ji mara ọnọdụ nke ike a pụtara na oge a na n'elu swamps na ọnụnọ nke elu oyi akwa nke mkpụrụ, nke mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi odude. N'ihi na onye ọ bụla ụdị ala mmiri dị n'elu na-anọchi anya ha ike isi mmalite.

Ngafe mmiri bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke ọ bụla marshes. Ọ na-eme omume nke kpọmkwem ụdị nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, nakwa dị ka ihe pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ peculiar humification na na ọnọdụ climates a-eduga na-ezughị ezu disintegration ahịhịa residues na guzobere peat.

The obodo nkesa nke ala mmiri na Russia

Russian swamps juru ebe fọrọ nke nta niile eke ebe, ma tumadi na drainage, ókè mmiri Ikuku. Otutu n'ime ha na-lekwasị ke Central ebe na na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke West Siberia Plain.

Kasị ala mmiri na Russia - tundra na apịtị mpaghara. ala mmiri na ụdị dịgasị iche iche. Waterlogging na ụfọdụ ebe nke tundra bụ 50%. Na ebe apịtị lekwasị dị 80% nke peat bogs. Na European akụkụ nke Russia kasị ala mmiri na-Vologda, Leningrad Oblast na Republic of Karelia (banyere 40%).

Apịtị nke Western Siberia kpuo ruo 70 percent. A iche iche nke marshes na Far East, ukwuu n'ime ke Amur mpaghara.

Nkesa nke etiti site ụdị

Types of Russian ala mmiri geographically ekesa n'ụzọ na-ekwekọghị. Horse nwere ọkara nke ngụkọta Wetland o tinyere n'oru ebe, ha ebukarịghị ke edere edere mpaghara. Di ala ala bụ ihe na-erughị ọkara (40%) nke ebe nile marshes. Obere ebe ji site swamps mgbanwe (10%).

Fens, nnukwu nke eriju afọ osimiri ma ọ bụ ala, na ha ime tumadi na ala kpọrọ nkụ nke ebe. Na na - ndagwurugwu na deltas nke nnukwu osimiri. Upland swamps tumadi nyere nri ọdịda, na mgbe ha na-na-hụrụ na apịtị na tundra zones nke Eurasia. Isi akụkụ (84%) nke peaty ebe na-emi odude ke Asia akụkụ nke Russia.

Na ihe-enwe apiti ụdị na North? Fens ọdịda anyanwụ Siberia na-arụ 42%. Ọtụtụ n'ime peaty ala (banyere 73%) na-anọzi n'ógbè n'ókèala na permafrost.

ahịhịa cover

Na fens adịkwaghị ndị na-esonụ osisi: ọcha birch, alder, willow, pine na spruce. Herb bụ ukwuu n'ime sedges na ọka - okpete na okporo ahịhịa amị. Site mosses n'ozuzu na-eto eto akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ mosses.

N'ihi na ndị mepere bogs na-ji birch na pine (Siberia - Dahurian na Siberia larch, cedar) na willow (ubé erughị na fens). Herb bụ ihe ọkụkụ nkịtị bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka na fens, ma ọ bụghị ndị dị otú ahụ buru ibu. Ọtụtụ mgbe, i nwere ike izute Alpine trichophorum, amị, sedge na butylchatuyu sherstistoplodnuyu. Ọ ezute na ahịhịa ndị e ji amata bogs.

N'elu moo e nwere pine (Siberia cedar weere na ya) na Dahurian larch. Bush abụghị ebe a mgbe nile, ma jupụtara ebe nile na ebe ndị a a ìgwè nke Heather: Cassandra, Heather, rosemary, blueberries na berry. E nwere plentifully eto birch Dwarf na Crowberry (crowberry). Common ahụ n'ebe ndị na-alụbeghị di-isi owu ahihia (ogwu), a nnukwu tussock-sod. I nwere ike na-chọta na cloudberries na sundew. Mosses na-anọchi anya ebe a na sphagnum.

N'ihi ya, ọdịdị nke peat na ahịhịa na-ekwe omume na-ekpe ikpe na (dị ka e kwuru n'elu), ihe ụdị ala mmiri.

Ná mmechi, na gburugburu ebe obibi mbipụta

Na-adịbeghị anya, ihe ndị ọzọ e nwere na-adịghị mma na-na ikwu na oké, na-ebibi erigbu ala mmiri. Mbụ niile a mmetọ, oké mmiri oriri si ala na uka mmepụta nke peat. Ọzọkwa, ọrụ dị mkpa e egwuri site agwụ na-akọ ubi, mebiri Hydrology ọchịchị nke na-ewu nke okporo ụzọ, mmanụ na gas pipelines na ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ.

Drainage nke ala mmiri na-akpatakarị a peat ọkụ, mbuze na ọnwụ nke ndu di iche iche n'ụwa nile. All ọrụ ga-rụrụ nke ọma, na ibu ọrụ nche-kwa nke kacha nke ala mmiri. Jide n'aka na-eso iwu nke ichebe ndụ na ebe obibi nguzozi na okike.