Ụgbọala: otú bụ ndokwa, ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe, e ji mara na sekit na sekit. Olee otú ụgbọ ala mofla

Ebe ọ bụ na inception nke mbụ ụgbọ ala mmanụ ụgbọala mmanụ ụgbọala na mere ihe karịrị otu narị afọ gara aga, na ya isi akụkụ otú ọ dịghị ihe agbanweela. Design modernized, mma. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ụgbọala e mere ndokwa, na dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ nọgidere. Tụlee n'ozuzu Ọdịdị na ndokwa nke ụfọdụ ndị mmiri na mgbakọ.

General e ji mara

All igwe iso nke atọ akụkụ:

• engine;
• Chassis;
• Isi.

Ọtụtụ na-ezo aka ụgbọala obi. Ọ bụ isi iyi nke ike, nke na-eduga dum usoro na-efegharị. N'okpuru ebe a, anyị na-ahụ ihe bụ n'ime gị ụgbọala engine. Rịba ama na ihe ndị kasị taa bụ esịtidem combustion engines (ICE). Ma ihe na ọzọ ọkwọ ụgbọala na-agbalị na mbanye uzo ozo: ngwakọ na obere electric.

The ụgbọ ala ahụ bụ etiti-enweghị ya. On oge a igwe nkeji na-n'ịnyịnya ozugbo ahụ, n'ihi ya, a na-akpọ a ụgbọelu.

The Chassis emi esịnede a plurality nke usoro na usoro nke:

• torque na-ebute site ná si moto wheel (nnyefe);
• ụgbọ ala na-akpụ akpụ (na-agba ọsọ gia) ;
• achịkwa (akara usoro).

nnyefe

Ghọta na Ọdịdị nke ụgbọala, na-enweghị atụle nnyefe agaghị ekwe omume. Site mgbasaozi torque wiil, na usoro-enye gị ohere ịgbanwe ya direction na ịdị ukwuu. The abụọ na-axle ụgbọala na a moto, positioned na n'ihu ma n'azụ-wheel mbanye na-emekarị gụnyere:

• ipigide;
• nnyefe;
• isi na driveline ;
• ọkara axis na esi.

Iji malite, Ọdịdị nke ahụ ụgbọala ipigide. The usoro Nyefe torque nnyefe, mfe na nkenke ejikọ na disconnects na ndị ọzọ nnyefe usoro. The ipigide na-agụnye a flywheel, ohu na-nwe-draịva.

Nzipu ghọtara n'ịtụgharị torque. Site na ya na-arụ ọrụ, ụgbọala na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ azụ, na moto na-ná mgbagwoju si mbanye wiil. Transmissions bụ:

• n'ibu;
• akpaka;
• robotic;
• stepless.

Chassis

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, ahụ nwere ike ịbụ a ụgbọelu ma ọ bụ eku. E wezụga na ọ Chassis agụnye axles (n'ihu ma n'azụ) nkwusioru (ujo absorbers na iyi) taya na wheel.

The ahụ e mere na-nabata ndị njem. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke aru, ma ihe ndị kasị - a Sedan, a n'ụgbọala, a hatchback limousine, kọnvatịbụl na ndị ọzọ.

ya na onye ọcha ka ígwè aka ahu bụ n'ezie inogide. Akụkụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike si na profiled mpempe akwụkwọ.

Site nkwusioru ọ na-adabere otú mfe ọ ga-abụ na-atachi obi bumps n'ụzọ ụgbọ ala. Olee otú ndị mmewere na-adabere na ya ụdị. Nile anākwuba na nti ndị dabere na onwe ha. Ụgbọala na a mbụ ụdị nkwusioru nwere n'azụ wheel nke ejikọrọ na a pụrụ iche girder. Ọ bụrụ na e nweghị doo, nkwusioru bụ onwe ha.

management

Nke a usoro mejupụtara:

• Power n'iru;
• breeki usoro.

N'ihi ya, ndị nduzi na-agba nke na-efegharị nwere ike ịdị iche iche. Ọzọkwa na ụgbọala ahụ na-akwụsị ma ọ bụ ẹkenịmde ke ebe.

N'iru mee nke ọcha, site nke adiana nke n'iru Site n'ibu iwu ndị ọzọ usoro n'ime ụgbọala. Olee otú onye ọ bụla n'ime ha, anyị ga-atụle. Anyị mara na na akụkụ nke usoro:

• n'iru kọlụm;
• n'iru gia;
• swivel ogwe aka;
• ejikọta mkpara.

O siri ike overestimate mkpa nke breeki usoro. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ya imewe chere si ya na brek ike kpamkpam mbà, ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ọ bụla anaghị emezi emezi ga-eche ihu ụgbọ ala. Olee otú ndị usoro na dị mfe ịghọta.

The breeki usoro mejupụtara dịkarịa ala na-arụ ọrụ akụkụ, nke a na-tụgharịa na site mwute na breeki na-adọba ụgbọala breeki, akara menjuobi, emi odude n'etiti n'ihu oche.

engine

Isi ihe na-eme ka elu moto, bụ:

• a cylinder ngọngọ (n'ime nke na ọwa maka jụrụ na lubrication);
• na pistin (dara iko grooves maka pistin yiri mgbaaka);
• pistin mgbanaka (top - mkpakọ, na ala - akpụcha);
• crank usoro mgbasaozi ike ka crankshaft.

Atụle otú ụgbọala na-e, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka ọ ghara imetụ ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke esịtidem combustion engine. Ọ dabeere na-agụnye mmanụ ụgbọala mgbanye na a bizi ohere. Nke a na a otutu nke ike na kpo oku gas cylinders arụnyere, nke enwekwu nsogbu na dapụtara ije na pistin.

The usoro na-achụ mgbe niile, na combustion ulo ikuku-manu ngwakọta kwesịrị ịna-abata. Mgbe ahụ, ịga na pistin akpata crankshaft, na - ụgbọ ala wheel. Kasị engines - anọ na-ọrịa strok. Nke a aha ha natara, n'ihi na onye ọ bụla okirikiri a na-ekewa n'ime anọ hà akụkụ.

Na-arụ ọrụ, ụgbọala bụ nnọọ na-ekpo ọkụ. Ya mere, moto-enye ihe dị oké mkpa jụrụ usoro, nke na-agụnye a okpomọkụ ahụ na-eje ozi na-ewepụ okpomọkụ si ọmụmụ na jụrụ usoro.

Olee otú ụgbọ ala okpomọkụ ahụ? Ọdịdị na-agụnye isi, nke bụ a jụrụ akụkụ, ndị ala na elu igbe na pụrụ iche nozzles. Na-emekarị na ọ bụ n'ihu boneeti. Agafe ya oncoming ikuku, ọ ndapụta ngafe okpomọkụ kpọmkwem n'ime ikuku.

iyuzucha usoro

Mgbe ụgbọ ala ahụ dị oké ụzụ na-ewepụtarịrị nsí, haruru. Iji belata ihe ndị a bụ iyuzucha usoro. Ọ mejupụtara:

• mkpoko;
• mkpali;
• resonator;
• mofla.

All mmiri nke usoro ndị dị oké mkpa. The mkpali, ihe atụ, na-eje ozi iji belata emission nke na-emerụ bekee. Ma, ọtụtụ anya na-na-akwụ ụgwọ mofla. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọbụna dum usoro a na-akpọ nke a ibe. Tụlee otú ụgbọala mofla. O nwere ike inwe ihe ndị kasị dị iche iche imewe n'ime. On ọhụrụ igwe, ọ na-enye ọtụtụ teknụzụ iji belata mkpọtụ. Ọ nwere a usoro nkebi, duct, na na.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe n'iji ya gee ntị nke iyuzucha usoro na karịsịa ndị mofla n'ebe ya isi ụda Mbelata ọrụ ma, on Kama nke ahụ, na-agbalị inye ụgbọala a ikpọ "mbigbọ". Olee otú ụgbọ ala mofla na nke a? Nke a mpempe a na-akpọ kpọmkwem-eruba. The ala akara bụ nnọọ mfe alterations. Construction n'ime mfe. Ọ nwere ike iso, e.g., nke a perforated ọjà. Mgbe ahụ, haruru ga-asọpụta enweghị eguzogide.

electrics

Staffing ọkụ na ngwá dị ezigbo mkpa. N'ezie, ekele ya, na engine na-malitere na-agba ọsọ. Ọzọkwa ime kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, ìhè, ọ bụ omume na-adị mfe ime gburugburu na ọchịchịrị na-ana achi achi na nchekwa nke niile n'ụzọ ọrụ.