Ụwa magnetosphere: ndị na-esi nke mgbanwe. Ụwa elu shei

Magnetosphere ekpuchikwa ọ bụla ahụ na a ndọta. Ọ na-adị n'ihi na eziokwu na ahụ na ebubo arapu mbụ akara nke ngagharị n'okpuru nduzi nke esịtidem ndọta. A nzukọ ebe anyanwụ ike na a ndọta site a plasma akpụkpọ ahụ ekpuchi magnetosphere.

Mmetụta nke anyanwụ na ụwa

Anyanwụ na-emepụta nnukwu ichekwa ike, nke bụ mgbe niile-amụba, "anwụ na-amịrị" n'èzí. Nke a mgbasa a na-akpọ anyanwụ ifufe.

The anyanwụ ifufe gbatịrị ọ bụla direction, na-ejuputa niile interplanetary ohere. N'ihi nke a, na interstellar plasma guzobere region na-guzobere, nke a na-akpọ anyanwụ ifufe plasma.

Solar plasma-akpali spirally, na nkezi nke 4 ụbọchị merie nkeji n'etiti anyanwụ na ụwa.

Sun tọhapụrụ ike nke ndụ na Earth. Otú ọ dị, anyanwụ na-abịa na ize ndụ radieshon, na-ebibi ndị niile na ndụ e kere eke na mbara ụwa anyị. Mgbe ngagharị nke Earth anyanwụ gburugburu radieshon na-adịghị evenly ekesa ofụri isua. N'ihi nke a, na-agbanwe agbanwe a kara aka.

Na echebe Earth?

The eke Ọdịdị nke mbara ala Earth na-echebe ya site na-emerụ anyanwụ radieshon. Earth gbara ọtụtụ shells:

• magnetosphere na-echebe megide anyanwụ radieshon agbanwe oge;
• ionosphere, adọrọ X-ụzarị na ultraviolet radieshon;
• ozone mgbochi mmapụta ichekwa ultraviolet radieshon.

N'ihi ya, ụwa Biosphere (ebe obibi ndụ ntule) kpamkpam na-echebe.

Ụwa magnetosphere - echebe oyi akwa, na outermost planet. Ọ bụ a mgbochi na anyanwụ ifufe plasma. N'ihi nke a, anyanwụ plasma aga gburugburu Earth, akpụ a cavernous guzobere na nke na-ezo na geomagnetic ubi.

Mere e ji a ndọta?

Akpata Terrestrial ndọta zoro n'ime planet. Dị ka a maara banyere ihe owuwu nke mbara ala Earth, ọ mejupụtara:

• isi;
• mantle;
• Earth jikọrọ ọnụ.

Gburugburu ụwa, e nwere a dịgasị iche iche nke ubi, gụnyere ndọda na-adọ adọ. Ndọda ya mfe otú mma nke ụwa niile ihe ahụ.

Ụwa ndọta bụ phenomena na-erukwa na ala nke isi na ákwà mgbokwasị. The planet n'onwe ya - ọ bụ nnukwu magnet, uniformly magnetized bọl.

The akpata niile magnetik ubi na-eletrik ma ọ bụ persistent magnetization. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na aka na nsogbu nke Ụwa ndọta, chọpụta:

• akpata magnetik mma nke Earth;
• iru nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị terrestrial ndọta na ya na isi mmalite;
• chọpụta nkesa na ntụziaka nke ndọta na mbara ala.

Ndị a ọmụmụ na-rụrụ site magnetik nyocha nakwa site chọpụtara Observatory - pụrụ iche ihe dị iche iche ebe nke ụwa.

Olee otú ndị magnetosphere?

Kere na-ewu nke magnetosphere na-emepụta:

• anyanwụ ifufe;
• terrestrial ndọta.

The anyanwụ ifufe - a plasma mmepụta a na-ekesa site na Sun niile ntụziaka. The ifufe ọsọ na elu nke 300-800 km / s. The anyanwụ ifufe jupụtara protons, electrons, Alfa ahụ na e ji a-azọrọ-anọpụ iche. The anyanwụ ifufe na-nyere na anyanwụ ndọta moveable plasma dị nnọọ anya.

Ụwa magnetosphere bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju anya oghere. All ya n'akụkụ na-jupụtara na plasma Filiks, nke ndị dị oké mkpa urughuru osooso usoro. Na anwụ na-acha n'akụkụ nke ọdịiche si center nke Earth ka ókè kpebisiri ike site na ike nke anyanwụ ifufe na ike iru 60 70 puku kilomita, nke bụ hà na okirikiri nke Earth 10-12 Re. Re bụ hà 6371 km.

Magnetosphere ókè iche iche dabere ebe ikwu na anyanwụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ókè na anwụ na-acha n'akụkụ nke ụdị bụ yiri shei. Ya ndika anya nke 15 Re. Na ọchịchịrị n'akụkụ magnetosphere ewe n'ụdị a cylindrical ọdụ, ya na okirikiri nke 20-25 Re, ogologo 200 Re, agwụcha amaghị ama.

Na magnetosphere, e nwere ebe na-elu-ike ahụ, ha na-akpọ "radieshon belt". Magnetosphere ike nke na wetere dị iche iche oscillation bụ ya onwe ya a isi iyi nke radieshon, akụkụ nke nwere ike banye n'ime Earth.

The plasma seeps n'ime magnetosphere etiti oge n'etiti àgwà magnetopause - pola cusps, na-ruru ebibi hydro na-ejighị n'aka.

Ọrụ nke ndọta

Ụwa magnetosphere emetụta geomagnetic ọrụ, geomagnetic oké ifufe na substorms.

Ọ na-echebe ndụ na Earth. Enweghị ya, ndụ ga-akwụsị. Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, oké osimiri nke Mars na ya ikuku esiwo n'ime ohere n'ihi na mmetụta nke anyanwụ ifufe unhidden. Ka Venus na mmiri na-fụọ n'ime oghere anyanwụ agbanwe oge.

The magnetosphere bụkwa a Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn na Neptune. Mars na Mercury magnetik shei ntakịrị. Venus ya eme adịghị, na anyanwụ ifufe jikwaa iji nagide n'ihi na ionosphere.

atụmatụ ubi

Isi ihe onwunwe nke ndọta - a erughị ala. Magnetik osisi ike - bụ a vector ibu. Planet si ndọta-anọchi anya ya edoghi nke ike tangential ha ka ha na-egosi ha na-eduzi vector nke erughị ala.

The ndọta na ụbọchị ndị a bụ 0,5 Oe ma ọ bụ 0,1 A / m. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-anabata fluctuations na uru nke gara aga. Ma nke ikpeazụ 2-3.5 ijeri afọ, ndị geomagnetic ubi agbanwebeghị.

Point na Earth, ebe erughị ala na-eduzi ekwesị, na-akpọ magnetik okporo osisi ya. On n'ala ha abụọ:

• North;
• South.

Site na abụọ okporo osisi na-aga ogologo - magnetik axis. Gburugburu, dị perpendicular na axis, - a magnetik ụwa. Ubi ume n'oge ụwa bụ kwụ.

The magnetik okporo osisi

The magnetik okporo osisi na-adịghị-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi na-emebu obodo. Geographic okporo osisi na-emi odude na ala axis tinyere nke mbara ala ahụ na-agbagharị. Mgbe ngagharị nke Earth anyanwụ gburugburu ntụziaka nke ụwa axis na-nọgidere na-enwe.

Compass akụ na-egosi kpọmkwem Magnetik North osisi. The magnetik Observatory tụrụ fluctuations nke ndọta n'oge ụbọchị, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-arụ ọ bụla nke abụọ n'ihe.

Site North osisi na South rue magnetik meridians. The n'akuku n'etiti magnetik na ala meridian a na-akpọ magnetik declination. Ọ bụla mgbe on Earth nwere ya n'akuku nke declination.

Mgbe ụwa akụ magnet na-emi odude ịgbasapụ. Mgbe na-akpụ akpụ n'ebe ugwu ọgwụgwụ nke elu akụ rushes ala. The n'akuku n'etiti akụ na kwụ n'elu - a magnetik echiche. Na ubi okporo osisi ndị kasị ukwuu nchepụta 90 degrees.

N'ịga magnetik n'ubi

Na ndokwa nke magnetik okporo osisi na-gbanwere karịrị oge.

Ná mmalite, magnetik osisi e mepere 1831, na mgbe ahụ, ọ dị ọtụtụ narị kilomita efep ugbu a ebe. Ndika anya nke ije maka afọ - 15 km.

Na-adịbeghị anya, na ọnụego nke ije nke magnetik okporo osisi enwekwu. North osisi na-akpụ akpụ na a ọsọ nke 40 km kwa afọ.

Megharia magnetik n'ubi

The usoro nke na-agbanwe agbanwe polarity na ụwa na-akpọ onye na inversion. Ọkà mmụta sayensị maara nke dịkarịa ala ihe dị ka 100 mgbe geomagnetic ubi ndakpọ ya polarity.

Ọ na-kweere na inversion emee ọ bụla 11-12 puku afọ. Nsụgharị ndị ọzọ na-akpọ 13, 500 na ọbụna 780 000 afọ. Ikekwe inversion enweghị doro anya periodicity. Ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na aga inversions ndụ na Earth nọgidere.

Ndị mmadụ na-arịọ, "Mgbe ga-echere maka ọzọ nloghachi"

Ndahie nke okporo osisi ogbo na-ewe ebe n'oge ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. The South osisi ugbu a dị na Indian Ocean, na n'ebe ugwu na-gbanwere gafee Arctic Ocean kwupụta Siberia. The ndọta nso okporo osisi na n'otu oge ahụ na-ebelata. Mbelata erughị ala.

Dịcha, esote inversion nke ndụ na Earth ga-anọgide na. The naanị ajụjụ bụ, na ihe na-eri. Ọ bụrụ na inversion emee na ikpochapu na Ụwa magnetosphere maka a obere oge, ọ pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ ize ndụ maka umu mmadu. Enweghị ihe nchebe planet emetụtawo w ụzarị. Ọzọkwa, na ọnụ nke ozone Layer nwekwara ike ịbụ a siri odachi.

Gbanwee okporo osisi na anyanwụ, nke mere na 2001, na-ada ka shutdown nke ya magnetik oyi akwa. Ga a yiri dịruru ná njọ na Earth, ọkà mmụta sayensị na-amaghị.

The perturbation nke magnetosphere nke ụwa: mmetụta na ụmụ mmadụ

Mgbe ibido-eru nso nke anyanwụ plasma esịmde magnetosphere. Ma akwusila plasma permeability mmebi ebilite magnetik shei n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ. Solar plasma na ya ike banye n'ime n'ime magnetosphere. Ikwu na ọnụego nke inflow nke ike aga, e nwere atọ variants nke magnetosphere omume:

1. Obi nwayọọ ala nke magnetosphere - shei adịghị agbanwe ya ọnọdụ dị ka na ọnụego nke ike ije bụ nnọọ nta ma ọ hà uru nke agamevu ike na ndọta.
2. The magnetik substorm. Ọnọdụ na-adị n'ihe ebe ọnụego nke na-abata ike dissipation ọnụego n'elu anyịnya na akụkụ nke ike ụjọ si magnetosphere ọwa, na-akpọ substorm. The usoro mejupụtara na-atọhapụ akụkụ magnetospheric ike. Na-egbuke egbuke nke ya onye - Aurora. Umu anwuru ngafe ike nwere ike ime na etiti oge nke 3 awa a pola ebe nke ma ammamihe.
3. A magnetik oké ifufe - bụ a usoro ike ubi nsogbu n'ihi na elu nke ike ọnọ externally. The ndọta bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na na ala, na nke ebe ụwa.

The ụwa ndọta n'oge substorms dịgasị na mpaghara na n'oge oké ifufe na-zuru ụwa ọnụ mgbanwe. Na nke ọ bụla, mgbanwe ndị a na-eme eme karịa a ole na ole percent, nke bụ ihe na-erughị na nkà na ụzụ ubi.

Medicine na-ekwere na magnetik oké ifufe imetụta ụmụ mmadụ ọrịa. N'oge a, ihe ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa na-ata ahụhụ si na ọrịa obi, ịda mbà n'obi na ndị ọzọ na neuropsychiatric ọrịa.

The ọrụ nke Ụwa magnetosphere niile ala Filiks na mbara ala. Nke a na-echebe mkpuchi na-echebe ndị planet si ọtụtụ ọjọọ Filiks ma na-ekpebi ọnọdụ ihu igwe. N'okpuru nduzi nke mgbanwe ndị na-magnetosphere nke ụwa na-agbanwe agbanwe na ihu igwe atụmatụ, forms of anụmanụ n'efu na osisi, na ndị ọzọ.