War na Africa: a ndepụta nke na-akpata, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpali eziokwu

The kasị ejighị n'aka region na mbara ụwa anyị na okwu nke agha na ọtụtụ ọgụ egbe bụ, n'ezie, Afrika. Naanị ebe a e nwere ihe karịrị 50 dị otú ahụ mere, nke gburu ihe karịrị 5 nde ndị mmadụ na n'oge gara aga afọ anọ, 18 nde ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na 24 nde na e ekpe-enweghị ebe obibi. Ikekwe ọ dịghị ebe ọzọ n'ụwa agha na-adịghị agwụ agwụ esemokwu ahụ adịghị eduga ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu ọnwụ na mbibi.

Isi

Ancient World History na-agwa anyị na nnukwu agha na Africa bu ugbua na nke atọ na narị afọ iri BC. Ha malitere na ịdị n'otu nke Ijipt ala. Mgbe e mesịrị fero mgbe niile lụrụ ọgụ maka mmụba nke ha ala na Palestinians, na Syria. Amara atọ Punic War, nke e kere a ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị otu narị afọ.

Na Middle Ages ọgụ egbe so budata na n'ihu mmepe nke ike ike iwu na honed okè nkà nke agha. Africa naanị na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ, nwere atọ Crusades. A ogologo ndepụta nke agha see, nke e doro ihe e Afrika XIX na XX ọtụtụ narị afọ, dị ịtụnanya! Otú ọ dị, ndị kasị agbawa obi ya ghọrọ mbụ na nke abụọ World Wars. Nanị n'oge otu onye nke gburu ihe karịrị 100 puku. Man.

The First World War na Africa

Ihe mere bụ nke mere ka ndị agha arụmọrụ ke region nnọọ gbara ọkpụrụkpụ. Dị ka ị maara, Mbụ Agha Ụwa na Europe Mmetụta Germany. Entente mba na-emegide ya onslaught, kpebiri iwere nke ya chịrị na Africa, nke German ọchịchị ka enwetara na nso nso. Ala a ka nọ na-agụghị oké echebe, ma nye na British nsoro n'oge ahụ e adịkwaghị oké osimiri, na ihe nile na-ebipụ nne ha mba. Ọ pụrụ nanị ịpụta otu ihe - Germany na-enweghị ike iziga reinforcements na mgbọ. Ke adianade do, German chịrị e kpamkpam gbara ya gburugburu n'ókèala nke na-emegide ha - na Entente mba.

Ugbua ke mbubreyo n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1914, ndị French na British agha na-enwe ike weghara iro mbụ obere ógbè - Togo. Ọzọkwa mwakpo Allied agha South West Africa bụ a ole na ole kwụsịtụrụ. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ njehie nke ndị Boers, bụ nke e gbochiworo naanị site February 1915. Mgbe na South African agha na-aga n'ihu ngwa ngwa, na July na-amanye ndị German agha guzo ke South-West Africa, na-atọgbọ. N'afọ na-esonụ, aghaghị ịhapụ Germany na Cameroon, nke na-agbachitere gbagara gbara agbata obi ógbè - Spanish Guinea. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị na nke a na-enwe mmeri n'ọdịnihu Jikọrọ Aka agha, ndị Germany na ndị ka na-enwe ike nwere oké eguzogide East Africa, ebe ọgụ wee na n'oge nile nke agha.

Ọzọkwa ọgụ

The First World War na Africa emetụta ọtụtụ chịrị nke ha jikọrọ aka, ka ndị agha Germany na-agbahapụ ka ókèala nke na British Crown. The German agha na mpaghara nyere n'iwu site Colonel P. von Lettow-Vorbeck. Ọ bụ ya na-edu ndị agha na mmalite nke November 1914, mgbe e nwere ndị kasị ibu agha n'obodo Tanga (Indian Ocean). N'oge a, ndị agha Germany nwere banyere 7 puku. Man. Na nkwado nke abụọ mgbere, na British jisiri adaa na n'ụsọ a iri na abuo transports nke agha, ma n'agbanyeghị nke a, Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck bụ ike merie a Mbuzo mmeri British, ese ha na-ahapụ ụlọ akụ.

Mgbe ahụ agha Africa ghọrọ usoro n'ime a okpuru mgba. The Germany wakpoo British ulo-agha na ọtụtụ ndị ghara ikwe na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Kenya na Rhodesia. Agha ya Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck replenished site ew ọrụ afọ ofufo si n'etiti obodo ndị nwere ezi ọzụzụ. All o jisiri nweta banyere 12 puku. Man.

Na 1916, n'otu a otu agha, British, Portuguese na Belgium colonial agha malitere iwe na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Africa. Ma ha na-agbalị, ha enweghị ike imeri German agha. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị kemmekorita agha ukwuu outnumbered ndị German agha, Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck nyeere jide abụọ ihe: ihe ọmụma nke ihu igwe na-teren. Ka ọ dịgodị emegide ya tara ahụhụ arọ weere, na ọ bụghị nanị na nke n'ọgbọ agha, kamakwa n'ihi na nke ọrịa. Ke mbubreyo n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1917, chua site allies, Colonel P. von Lettow-Vorbeck pụtara na ndị agha ya na ókèala nke ógbè nke Mozambique, ekesịpde na oge nke Portugal.

Ọgwụgwụ nke agha

-Abịaru ná njedebe nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Africa na Asia, nakwa dị ka Europe, ahụhụ nnukwu ọdachi. Site August 1918 gburugburu n'akụkụ niile site German agha, na-ezere isi agha nke onye iro, na-amanye laghachi n'ókèala ha. Site na njedebe nke otu afọ, ndị remnants nke colonial agha Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, esịnede bụghị karịa 1.5 puku. Ndị mmadụ Northern Rhodesia, nke diri n'oge ahụ Britain. Ebe a Colonel mụtara nke mmeri nke Germany na a manyere osụhọde aka ha. N'ihi na omeka agu na agha na-iro, ọ na-kelee dị ka a dike na n'ala nna ya.

N'ihi ya biri Mbụ Agha Ụwa. Africa, ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa, dị ka atụmatụ ụfọdụ, ọ dịkarịa ala 100 puku. Lives. Mgbe na-alụ ọgụ na kọntinent na-adịghị bụrụkwa, ma ha nọ na n'oge nile nke agha.

World

Dị ka a maara, nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha arụmọrụ gbapụ site Nazi Germany na 30-40-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ na-emetụta ọ bụghị nanị na ókèala Europe. Ọzọ abụọ nke Afrika e chebere Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Africa, Asia na-aka, albeit ikpe, na a magburu esemokwu.

N'adịghị ka Britain, Germany ama ama ha chịrị, ma mgbe nile na-ekwu na-enwe. Iji ibibi aku na uba nke isi iro - England, ndị Germany na kpebiri igosi achịkwa North Africa, dị ka naanị na otú a na ọ bụ ike na-esi na ndị ọzọ British chịrị - India, Australia na New Zealand. Ke adianade do, yiri ihe mere a Hitler iji merie North African ala bu n'ihu ya mbuso agha nke Iran na Iraq, ebe e nwere ịrịba ego nke mmanụ, na-achịkwa site na Britain.

Akasiaha agha

Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na Africa were afọ atọ - si June 1940 na May 1943. -Emegide na a ogu ndị na otu aka, Britain na United States, na ndị ọzọ - Germany na Italy. The isi alụ ọgụ na ókèala Ijipt na Maghreb. The esemokwu malite na mbuso agha nke Italian agha ke Ethiopia, nke budata imebi dominance nke Britain na mpaghara a.

Ná mmalite, ndị North African mkpọsa e gara site 250 puku. Italian agha, nke e mechara bịara nyere nke ọzọ 130 puku. German agha, nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke tankị na ogbunigwe iberibe. N'aka nke ya, na-ejikọ ndị agha nke USA na UK totaled 300 puku. US na karịrị 200 puku. British agha.

ọzọ merenụ

The agha North Africa malitere na eziokwu ahụ na na June 1940, ndị British malitere ime ka pinpoint etiwapụ megide ndị Italian agha, dị ka a n'ihi nke nke ọ ozugbo furu efu ọtụtụ puku ndị agha ya, ka British - karịa abụọ na narị abụọ. Mgbe nke a meriri, ndị Italian Government kpebiri inye iwu nke ndị agha na-aka nke Marshal Graziani na dịghị ndudue na oke. Ugbua na 13 September nke n'otu afọ ahụ ọ malitere iwe, na-amanye ndị British General O'Connor ichighaazu ruru ka ịrịba uru nke ya onye iro na manpower. Mgbe ndị Ịtali jisiri weghara a obere Ijipt n'obodo Sidi Barrani, ndị na-akpasu iwe a kwụsịtụrụ maka atọ ogologo ọnwa.

Na-atụghị anya Graziani na njedebe nke 1940, General O'Connor agha oru ihe rụrụ. Libyan ọrụ malitere na onye agha na otu nke Italian ìgwè ndị agha. Graziani o doro anya na-adịghị njikere maka ihe dị otú ahụ ndabara, otú ahụ abụghị ike hazie a kwesịrị ekwesị rebuff ya iro. Ndị ngwangwa tupu nke British agha Italy ebighị ebi furu efu ya chịrị na North Africa.

Ọnọdụ gbanwere n'oge oyi nke 1941, mgbe enyere ndị ya aka mmekorita, Hitler iwu zitere armored nkeji nke General Rommel. Ugbua na March, ndị agha dara Africa ji ume ọhụrụ. Joint German agha na Italy mere a kpara nke British-agbachitere, kpamkpam ebibi otu n'ime ndị iro armored brigades.

End of the World

Na November nke otu afọ, ndị British mere a abụọ iji counterattack, ulo oru ịwa codenamed "Crusader". Ọbụna ha na-jisiri repulse Tripoletaniyu, ma na December ha kwụsịrị Rommel agha. Na May 1942, ndị German general gburu a bụrụkwa igbu ka onye iro na-azara ọnụ, na British na-amanye agbahapụ miri n'ime Egypt. Meriri na-akpasu iwe kere ruo ruo mgbe 8th Allied agha na-adịghị etre site Al Alamein. N'oge a, n'agbanyeghị mgbalị nile, ndị Germany na-jikwaa inwere site na nchebe nke nke British. Ka ọ dịgodị, etubom 8th Army họpụtara General Montgomery, bụ onye malitere ịzụlite ọzọ atụmatụ nke agha, mgbe ọma nọgidere na-egosipụta agha nke Nazi agha.

Na October nke otu afọ, British agha si mesoo a dị ike igbu Rommel agha nkeji guzo Al-Alamein. Nke a rụpụtara na zuru ezu na mmeri nke abụọ agha - na Germany na Italy, onye na-amanye agbahapụ na Tunisian ókè. Ke adianade do, British ahụ bịara nyere ndị America rutere na African n'ụsọ oké osimiri na 8 November. Rommel malitere bụ iji kwụsị ha jikọrọ aka, ma, ọ bụghị nke ọma. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị a German general akpọ laghachi n'ala nna ha.

Rommel bụ ahụmahụ ọchịagha, na ya na ọnwụ n'obi nanị otu ihe - agha Africa biri maka Italy na Germany na ngụkọta mmeri. Mgbe na Britain na United States nwere budata ike na ọnọdụ ha na mpaghara. Ke adianade do, tọhapụrụ ndị agha ha tụbara ụdi kpọọ nke Italy.

The ọkara nke abụọ nke XX narị afọ

Na ọgwụgwụ nke World War II see ke Africa adịghị biri. Otu otu, nnupụisi, nke mba ụfọdụ emewo n'ime na-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha ahụ. Ya mere, mgbe ọ na-dara agha obodo Africa nwere ike ịdịgide ruo ọtụtụ afọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ iri afọ. Otu ihe atụ nke a bụ intra-agha na Ethiopia (1974-1991), Angola (1975-2002), Mozambique (1976-1992), Algeria na Sierra Leone (1991-2002), Burundi (1993-2005), Somalia (1988 ). Ke akpatre nke mba ndị a, ndị agha obodo na-adịghị biri ma. Na nke a bụ nanị akụkụ dị nta nke ihe niile tupu ẹdude na aka iso ugbu a agha esemokwu na Afrika.

Na-akpata ọtụtụ agha ese okwu sitere na mpaghara onodu, nakwa dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme ọnọdụ. Malite na 60-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ọtụtụ mba Africa nweela nnwere onwe, na a n'ụzọ atọ nke ha malitere ozugbo na-alụ ọgụ, na 90 ọgụ ama 16 na-ekwu.

oge a agha

Na narị afọ a, ọnọdụ ahụ na Afrika agbanwebeghị nke ukwuu. A ka nwere na-aga n'ihu nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ geopolitical reorganization, n'okpuru nke ahụ enweghị ike ajụjụ nke ọ bụla na-abawanye na larịị nke nche na mpaghara. The ike ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na nnukwu ụkọ ego naanị ime ka ọnọdụ.

E nwere Ete smuggling, n'uzo na ezighi ezi na ogwe aka na ịzụ ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ, nke ozokwa ime na otú kama mgbagwoju anya mpụ ọnọdụ na mpaghara. Ọzọkwa, ihe niile a na-eme megide ndabere nke dị nnọọ elu onu ogugu ibu, na ọ dịghị onye na-achịkwa Mbugharị.

Agbali localize esemokwu

Ugbu a, o yiri ka agha Africa ebigh'ebi. Dị ka e gosiri, mba udo, na-agbalị iji gbochie ọtụtụ ọgụ egbe na Afrika, owụt adighi ike. Dị ka ihe atụ ọ bụ omume na-ewe ihe dị ndị na-esonụ bụ eziokwu: ndị UN agha nwere abuana ke 57 esemokwu, na ọtụtụ ikpe, ha na-eme na-adịghị emetụta ha akwụkwọ.

Dị ka e kweere, ọ blames na n'usoro iwu igbu oge nke udo ọzọ na enweghị mmata nke ezigbo ọnọdụ a-agbanwe ngwa ngwa. Ke adianade do, UN agha bụ oké ole na ole, na-ewepụtara mba nakweere agha ọbụna tupu ya amalite na-etolite a na-arụ ọrụ ọchịchị.