The US agha na Japan: afọ, na-akpata ọnwụ

Na August 1945 bombings nke bọmbụ atọm abụọ na obodo nile nke Hiroshima na Nagasaki biri agha kere 4 afọ na Pacific, isi na-emegide nke di America na Japan. The see okwu abụọ ndị a na ike aghọwo akụkụ dị mkpa nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na a dị ịrịba ama mmetụta na ya pụta. N'otu oge ahụ, na taa na itule ike na mba arena bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu a N'ihi ya nke ndị oge ochie ihe.

Gịnị mere ọkụ na Pacific

Ihe mere maka United States na Japan agha idu ke esemokwu n'etiti mba ndị a, kenjo na 1941, na Tokyo ná mgbalị iji dozie ya agha n'aka. Ihe kasị emegide ndị dị ike ike ụwa ịmaliteworị na metụtara China na ókèala French Indochina - mbụ French ógbè.

Jụrụ a amaghị nke ochichi US ozizi nke "na-emeghe ọnụ ụzọ", Japan chọrọ ime ya na-achịkwa ihe ndị a na mba, nakwa dị ka ya mbụ jide Manchuria ókèala. N'ihi eyịre nke Tokyo na ihe ndị a ekenịmde ke Washington okwu n'etiti abụọ mba bụghị amịghịkwa ọ bụla na-arụpụta.

Ma ndị a na-ekwu na-ejedebeghị na Japan. Tokyo, n'ịtụle United States, Britain na ndị ọzọ na colonial ike dị ka ha rivals, niile agha agbalị inapu ha si South Oké Osimiri na Southeast Asia, grips, otú ahụ ka isi iyi nke oriri na ngwaọrụ, n'ókèala ha. Ọ bụ ihe 78% nke zuru ụwa ọnụ, roba mmepụta bụ na e mere ebe ndị a, 90% tin, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-edebe akụ.

Mmalite nke agha

Site na mmalite nke July 1941 agha Japan, n'agbanyeghị ngagharị iwe na-esite na ọchịchị ndị America na Britain, ọ rụrụ ọdịdọ nke ndịda nke Indochina, na mgbe a obere oge, na-abịa nri elu nso Philippines, Singapore, na Dutch East Indies na Malaya. Omume a America ka amanye a ban na importation n'ime Japan nke niile usoro ihe na n'otu oge ahụ na-na ya na friji bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Japanese akụ. N'ihi ya, n'oge na-adịghị daa a agha di n'etiti Japan na United States bụ n'ihi a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị esemokwu na America na-agbalị idozi akụ na ụba sanctions.

Ọ ga-kwuru na ndị agha ambitions nke Tokyo akp ruo mgbe a mkpebi na ọdịdọ nke ókèala ndị Soviet Union. Nke a bụ July 1941 na alaeze ukwu ogbako, kwuru na Minister nke Agha, Japan Tojo. Dị ka ya, kwesịrị ịga agha iji bibie ndị Soviet Union na-ewere akara nke ya ọgaranya eke ego. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ndị a na atụmatụ ndị doro anya na-apụtakarị n'ihi enweghị ike, ndị nnukwu nke e zigara alụ ọgụ na China.

Ọdachi nke Pearl Harbor

US na Japan malitere agha a dị ike agha na ndị American naval isi na Pearl Harbor mere ka ugbo elu na Joint mmiri nke Japanese nsoro, nyere n'iwu site Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Ọ mere na December 7, 1941.

The American isi e rụrụ abụọ agha elu, sonye site 353 ugbo elu, we yipu ụgbọelu ụgbọelu 6. The N'ihi nke a agha, ịga nke ọma nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ a foregone ọgwụgwụ ya na anya, bụ nke Crusher na kụrụ aka a ịrịba akụkụ nke US Navy na bụ n'ezie a mba ọdachi.

N'oge na-adịghị onye iro ugbo elu kpọmkwem na ndị berths 4 kacha ike US Navy battleships e bibiri, nke naanị 2 esiri ya ezigbo ike jisiri naghachi mgbe agha. More 4 Ụgbọ mmiri nke ụdị merụrụ na na nkwarụ.

Ọzọkwa, ha na-mikpuru ma ọ bụ mebie 3 nāpunara, mgbere 3 na onye m oyi akwa. N'ihi onye-iro bombardment nke ndị America na-efu 270 ụgbọ elu guzo na oge na a gbara osimiri okirikiri aerodrome na na redio nke ugbo elu na-ebu. On top of a e bibiri torpedo na mmanụ ụgbọala tankị, piers, idozi yad na ike osisi.

Ma isi ọdachi a ịrịba ọnwụ nke pesonel. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, Japanese agha elu gburu a nwoke na 2404 na 11 779 merụrụ ahụ. Mgbe ahụ, na ihe ndị mere tupu nke United States kwuru agha Japan na eze sonyeere mgbochi Hitler mmekota.

Ọzọkwa tupu nke Japanese agha

The ọdachi na Pearl Harbor, ada ala a ịrịba òkè nke US Navy, na dị ka British, Australian na Dutch fleets ike-eme ka elu naval agha nke Japan oké mpi, ọ natara a nwa oge kara na Pacific. Ọzọkwa hostilities Tokyo mere sitere Thailand, a agha nkwekọrịta nke e banyere December 1941.

US na Japan, agha nweela ọkụ me a mfịna na mmalite ọchịchị nke Roosevelt. Ebe ọ bụ na December 25, na nkwonkwo mgbalị nke Japan na Thailand jisiri na-ebelata-eguzogide nke British agha Hong Kong, na America na-amanye-atụba na ngwá na ihe onwunwe, gbapụ ha bases gbara agbata obi isuo.

Ruo mgbe mmalite nke May 1942 agha ọma invariably esonyere ndị agha Japan na agha mmiri, nke kwere ka Emperor Hirohito na-achịkwa nke nnukwu ókèala agụnye Philippines, Java, Bali, nke Solomon Islands na New Guinea, British Malaya na Dutch East Indies. Japanese mkpọrọ mgbe e nwere ihe dị 130 puku. British agha.

Ihe gbanwere ke N'ezie nke agha arụmọrụ

The US agha megide Japan nwere a dị iche iche mmepe nanị mgbe oké osimiri agha n'etiti ha fleets, nke mere May 8, 1942 na Coral Sea. Site na nke a oge na United States n'ụzọ zuru ezu nwekwara nkwado nke mgbochi Hitler mmekota allies agha.

Nke a agha we rida na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ndị mbụ na nke onye iro ụgbọ mmiri na-adịghị abịaru nso onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na-adịghị mere otu shot na-adịghị ọbụna hụrụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ. All agha arụmọrụ na-rụrụ nanị dabeere na ndị a ụgbọ elu naval ụgbọelu. Ọ bụ nnoo a na-enwe nsogbu nke abụọ ụgbọelu agha dị iche iche.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na na N'ezie nke agha onye ọ bụla nke na-emegide ndị ọzọ na-emezughị iji merie a doro anya mmeri, usoro uru, Otú ọ dị, n'akụkụ nke jikọrọ aka. Firstly, a oké osimiri agha kwụsịrị ịga nke ọma, na ruo n'oge, na nkwalite nke ndị agha Japan, na mmeri nke ndị agha na United States na Japan, na, Nke abuo, ọ kpebisiri ike na-emeri nke Japanese nsoro nke ọzọ agha, nke mere na June 1942 na ebe nke Atoll Midway.

The Coral Sea otu ogwe site abụọ isi Japanese ugbo elu ụgbọelu - "Shokaku" na "Zuikaku". Ọ tụgharịrị maka Imperial Navy irreparable ọnwụ, n'ihi na a mmeri maka US na ya jikọrọ aka na-esote naval agha atụgharị mmụba nke agha na Pacific.

Mbọ na-ochie mmeri

Adịkwa Midway 4 ọzọ ụgbọelu na-ebu, 248 ọgụ ugbo elu na ha kacha mma ụgbọelu, Japan furu efu ike-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị irè na oké osimiri na-abụghị zones ekpuchi n'ikpere mmiri dabeere na ugbo elu, nke bụ maka ya a n'ezie ọdachi. Mgbe ahụ, na Emperor Hirohito agha ike imezu nke ọ bụla dị oké njọ nke ọma, na niile mgbalị ha na-iji na-edebe ihe na mbụ meriri n'ókèala. Ka ọ dịgodị agha n'etiti Japan na United States ka anya n'ebe ẹkụre.

N'oge ọbara na arọ ọgụ, nke e kere maka ọzọ 6 ọnwa, na February 1943, agha America na-enwe ike weghara n'àgwàetiti Guadalcanal. Nke a mmeri bụ mmejuputa usoro atụmatụ maka nchebe nke convoys n'etiti United States, Australia na New Zealand. N'ọdịnihu, ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke US na-ejikọ ọchịchị meriela Solomon, na Aleutian Islands, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ nke New Britain, n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke New Guinea, nakwa dị ka Gilbert Islands, nke bụ akụkụ nke British ógbè.

Na 1944, ndị United States na Japan, agha were irreversible. Ebe ike agwụ ya agha nwere na enweghị ike ịnọgide na-akpasu iwe arụmọrụ, Emperor Hirohito agha lekwasị niile ha agha na-agbachitere nke mbụ weghaara n'ókèala nke China na Burma, na-enye a n'ihu igba na-aka nke onye-iro. Nke a mere ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmeri e meriri. N'ihi ya, na February 1944, ndị Japanese na-amanye na-agbahapụ ndị Marshall, na ọnwa isii mgbe e mesịrị - na Mariana Islands. Na September, ha hapụrụ New Guinea, na October, furu efu akara nke Caroline Islands.

The ida ndị agha Emperor Hirohito

US na Japanese agha (1941-1945) dịgidere na October 1944 mgbe nkwonkwo mgbalị nke òtù e mere mmeri Philippine ọrụ. Ke adianade na US Army, ya e gara site njikere agha nke Australia na Mexico. Ha ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ ntọhapụ nke ndị Philippines si Japanese.

N'ihi nke agha, e tiri na October 23-26, na Leyte Gulf, Japan furu efu nnukwu nke ya agha mmiri. Ya na ọnwụ ahụ 4 ụgbọelu 3 battleships, 11 nāpunara, mgbere na 10 2 nke okpuru mmiri. Philippines ndị kpamkpam na-aka nke ndị jikọrọ aka, kama sporadik clashes aka iso ha ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

N'otu afọ, na-ekpori a dum oke na manpower na ngwá, US agha ọma mụụrụ si February 20 na March 15, ọrụ weghara Iwo Jima agwaetiti, na site na April 1 June 21 - Okinawa. Ma, ha abụọ bụ Japan, o wee ghọọ a adaba isi n'ihi na ikuku na-etiwapụ na obodo ya.

Karịsịa na-agbawa obi bụ wakporo Tokyo, na US Air Force emejuputa 9-10 March 1945. N'ihi nke oke bọmbụ, ọ na-erukwu ná mkpọmkpọ ebe nke 250 puku. Ụlọ, ma gbuo ihe dị ka 100 puku. People, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị nkịtị. Na n'otu oge ahụ, na United States na Japan, agha ahụ nọ akara mmalite nke sitere agha Burma, na ụdi tọhapụ ya na Japanese na-arụ.

The mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke atọm bọmbụ

Mgbe August 9, 1945, ndị agha Soviet malitere iwe na Manchuria, ọ bụ nnọọ ihe doro anya na Pacific mkpọsa, na ya agha (1945), Japan - US dechara. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nke a, US ọchịchị emewo ihe na-enweghị analogues abughi na n'oge gara aga ma ọ bụ na ndị na-esonụ afọ. Nuclear bọmbụ e mere site ya iji nke Japanese obodo nke Hiroshima na Nagasaki.

The mbụ atọm bọmbụ ama esịn n'ụtụtụ nke 6 August 1945 na Hiroshima. Ọ napụtara ndị US Air Force B-29 bombu, nēbu aha Enola Gay mgbe nne ya na ndi oru ugbo ọchịagha - Colonel Paul Tibetsa. The otu bọmbụ akpọ Little Boy, nke pụtara na - "The Kid." N'agbanyeghị na ya na mmetụta ịhụnanya aha, bombu nwere ike nke 18 kilotons nke TNT, na gburu, dị ka dị iche iche atụmatụ, si 95 ka 160 puku. Man.

Mgbe ụbọchị atọ gasịrị, ndị otu ihe bọmbụ atọm. Nke a na oge ya iche bụ Nagasaki. America na-achọ na-enye aha bụghị naanị ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ aircrafts, na ọbụna bombs, kpọrọ ya Abụba Man - «Abụba Man". Ọ napụtara a na-egbu onye ike hà 21 kilotons nke TNT B-29 Bockscar, a butere nyere n'iwu site Charles Sweeney. Nke a na oge a metụtara bụ ndị dị n'etiti 60 na 80 puku. Nkịtị.

The kwenye nke Japan

The ujo nke bọmbụ, nke biri afọ nke US-ada agha Japan wee dị ukwuu na Prime Minister Kantaro Suzuki rịọrọ ndị eze ukwu Hirohito, a na nkwupụta banyere mkpa n'oge cessation nke niile hostilities. N'ihi ya, dị ka n'oge dị 6 ụbọchị mgbe nke abụọ atọm agha, Japan mara ọkwa ya chịlie aka elu, na na 2 September nke otu afọ omume e banyere. The bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke a mere ihe akụkọ biri agha na United States - Japan (1941-1945 gg.). Ọ bụ nke ikpeazụ omume nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

Dị ka akụkọ, na US weere na agha na Japan dịrị 296 929 ndị mmadụ. N'ime ndị a, 169 635 - agha na ndị ọrụ nche nke ala nkeji, na 127.294 - Navy na Marines. N'otu oge ahụ na agha megide Hitler Germany 185 994 America e gburu.

Bụ America nri napụta nuclear etiwapụ nwere?

Kemgbe post-agha iri afọ ekweghị nchịkwa eneni n'elu kwesịrị ekwesị na legality nke nuclear etiwapụ, kpataara n'oge mgbe agha (1945), Japan - The US na-ama ama fọrọ nke nta dechara. Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị mba ọkachamara, na nke a, ihe bụ isi ajụjụ bụ ma bombu, nke gburu iri puku kwuru iri puku nke ndụ mkpa iji banye nkwekọrịta na kwenye nke Japan na okwu na-anabata ndị ọchịchị nke President Garri Trumena, na e nwere ndị ọzọ ụzọ iji nweta ihe ndị ha chọrọ n'ihi?

Na-akwado nke bombu na-ekwu na n'ihi na nke a nnọọ obi ọjọọ, ma zie ezi, na ha chere, jikoro nwere ike ịmanye Emperor Hirohito ịtọgbọ, na-ezere àgwà ibe àjà,-apụghị izere ezere na njikọ aka forthcoming mbuso agha nke US agha Japan, na ọdịda nke ndị agha na n'àgwàetiti Kyushu.

Ọzọkwa, ha na-edu otu arụmụka ọnụ ọgụgụ, nke na-egosi na onye ọ bụla ọnwa nke agha a na-enwekarị oke ọnwụ bi na nke na-arụ ná mba Japan. Karịsịa, ọ na-eme atụmatụ na ihe karịrị dum oge nke ọnụnọ nke Japanese agha ke China si 1937 ruo 1945 ndị bi na n'iyi na a kwa ọnwa ndabere banyere 150 puku. Man. A ụkpụrụ yiri nwekwara ike hụrụ na ndị ọzọ ebe nke Japanese na-arụ.

N'ihi ya, ọ dị mfe iji gbakọọ na-enweghị a nuclear iku, nke na-amanye ndị Japanese ọchịchị ozugbo chịlie aka elu, nke ọ bụla n'ọnwa nke agha ga-ebugakwa dịkarịa ala 250 puku. Lives, n'ebe dị anya karịrị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị e mesoro nke bọmbụ.

Na nke a, ugbu a ndụ nwa nwa President Garri Trumena - Deniel Trumen - na 2015, bụ ụbọchị nke iri asaa na afọ ncheta nke atọm bọmbụ nke Hiroshima na Nagasaki chetara na nna nna ya ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị chegharịrị mkpofu na-enye ha na kwuru na undoubted correctness mkpebi ikpe. Dị ka ya, ọ dabeere karịsịa accelerated na njedebe nke agha agha, Japan - US. World War II pụrụ adịru ọtụtụ ọnwa, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị dị ka ikeike jikoro nke US ochichi.

-Emegide nke a na-ele

emegide nke bọmbụ, n'aka-arụ ụka na-enweghị ka ha na United States na Japan na World War II ahụhụ ịrịba weere, nke ụba na-efu nke tara n'etiti ndi nkiti bi nke obodo abụọ emetụta a nuclear agha bụ agha ime mpụ, na ike ikere ala iyi ọha egwu.

The omume rụrụ arụ na ndị na-abụghị agha nuklia mere okwu ọtụtụ American ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, bụ onye na-ekere òkè na mmepe nke ndị a na-egbu egbu ngwá agha. Mbụ nke ndị ya na-akatọ ndị a ma ama na American nuclear physics Albert Einstein na Leo Szilard. Back na 1939 ha dere a nkwonkwo akwụkwọ ozi US President Roosevelt, na nke ha na-enye a omume ntule nke eji ngwá agha nuklia.

Na May 1945, asaa na-eduga American ọkachamara na ubi nke nuclear nnyocha, edu Dzheymsom Frankom-zitere ya ozi ndị isi nke ala. Na ya, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwuru na ọ bụrụ na United States mepụtara mbụ ojiji nke a ngwá agha, ọ ga-anapụ ya nke mba support, ga-enye ihe kwalite ogwe agbụrụ na imebi n'ọdịnihu ohere n'ụwa nile na-achịkwa ụdị ngwá agha.

The na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'akụkụ nke nke

N'ịhapụ iwepụ banyere arụmụka ndị agha nwere ike ịmalite ịmalite ime ihe na mberede na obodo Japan, anyị ga-ahụ ihe ọzọ nwere ike ime ka gọọmenti Amerịka kpebie ime nke a. Nke a bụ ngosipụta nke ike na nzube nke ịmalite ndu ndú nke Soviet Union na n'onwe Stalin.

Mgbe, mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nwụsịrị, e nwere usoro ịdefe aha nke ikike dị n'etiti ikike ndị na - achịkwa ndị Germany meriri na Germany n'oge na - adịghị anya, Truman weere na ọ dị mkpa iji gosipụta ụwa bụ onye nwere ikike agha kachasị ike n'oge ahụ.

Ihe si n'omume ya pụta bụ ịgba ọsọ ndụ, mmalite nke Agha Nzuzo na Ihe Mgbidi ahụ dị egwu nke kewasịrị ụwa n'ime akụkụ abụọ. N'aka nke aka, mgbasa ozi ọchịchị Soviet na-emenye ndị mmadụ ụjọ na ebubo sitere na "isi obodo ụwa" ma mepụta ihe nkiri banyere agha na Japan na United States, na nke ọzọ, ha anaghị ada mbà maka ikwu banyere "bear bear", bụ nke kwadoro ụkpụrụ omume zuru ụwa ọnụ na nke Ndị Kraịst. N'ihi ya, ihe mgbawa ndị na-ebigbọ na mberede na njedebe nke agha n'elu obodo Japan, na-ekwughachi n'ụwa nile ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ.