Kpatara Agha Ntụte, mma na-adịghị mma

E nwere dị iche, mgbe ụfọdụ, emegidekwa echiche banyere ihe ndị na-esi nke Crusades. Positive na-adịghị mma na-arụpụta n'ime ndị a mkpọsa ndidi isiokwu nke analysis akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma, ndị so dee na ndị ndú okpukpe.

nkà mmụta sayensị na ụka

European eche echiche e ifịk ifịk mmasị na oge nke ndị Crusades na XVIII narị afọ. Ha ntule nke a akụkọ ihe mere eme oge dị nnọọ iche. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị dị ka Choiseul Daykur hụrụ na Crusades naanị mma n'akụkụ. Ha kwuru ha pụta dị ka revival nke mmasị nke ndị Europe na sayensị, ntoputa nke ahia mmekọahụ n'etiti East na West, na interpenetration nke omenala.

E nwekwara ndị na-ezighị-enyocha na Crusades onwe ha, ha na ya pụta. Nke a na-ele ẹkenịmde site ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma Rousseau na Walter. Ha chere agha ntụte nzuzu na-awụfu ọbara na-ekwu na revival nke sayensị na omenala nke ndị ọzọ na-akpata bụ n'ihi na Europe. Òtù nke a mara ụlọikwuu na-ahụ kwuru na mbuso agha nke Kraịst na-akpasu a hardening nke ụwa Islam na kpatara na-adịgide adịgide na ọtụtụ narị afọ nke okpukpe ekweghị ibe nọrọ.

Nke a na nkà mmụta sayensị arụmụka na-aga n'ihu na oge anyị. Otú o sina dị, ọ bụ ezie na atụmatụ nwere ike iche, banyere mere eme otutu mmadu kwenyere.

Ịrị elu nke igodo na ahia

Na Palestine na Byzantium, Agha Ntụte hụrụ ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mbụ mara na ndi bi na Western Europe. N'etiti ndị a ihe oriri, dị ka apricots, lemons, sugar, osikapa; akwa - silk, velvet, owu; okomoko ihe - ọla, carpets, glassware, ngwá ụlọ. Europe ịghọta Oriental ibu na-adịghị ga-enye ha ọbụna mgbe a manyere ha ịdọrọ si Middle East.

E nwere doro anya na ndị na-esi nke Crusades maka Mediterranean ahia bụ ndị kasị mma. First meghee atụmanya ekele Italian ahịa. Genoa na Venezia, bara ọgaranya n'oge Crusades na karịsịa mgbe ọdịda nke Byzantine mụbara n'oge ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Ntoputa nke ego oru

Oké akpali esi nke na-Crusades maka European aku oru. The mkpa ịkwaga ego n'enweghị ihe karịrị anya mere ka ntoputa nke IOUs na pụrụ iburu ụzọ kama gold. The issuance na encashment nke ndenye ego abuana ke Order nke Knights Templar. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na nzukọ na Europe, nke adia ọrụ nke intermediary na ego azụmahịa.

Templars na ikike nke Catholic Church nọ na-achụ na-esite mgbazinye ego. Ọ bụrụ na mbụ usury chua n'ihi na ọ bụ mara mma dị ize ndụ, ma ugbu a ọnọdụ agbanweela. Templars lekwasị na-aka nke nnukwu isi obodo, nke kwere ka ha ibinye ọbụna eze nke Europe. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị ekweghiekwe nke French eze laghachi ụgwọ mere ka liquidation iji. Ma mgbe e meriri nke Templars mepụtakwara ego ngwá e biiri si Italian bankers.

Kpatara Agha Ntụte ndị chọọchị

Vatican pụta mkpọsa haziri ha tụgharịa si na-nnọọ controversial. Mgbe mbụ ogbo, ndị Pope bụ ike nweta ihe igba nke Christian ụwa. Ụtụ nke Catholic Church n'oge a na-budata ụba. Mgbalị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ nke Pope.

Ma mgbanwe ndị a, na echiche nke ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na emewo ka ojuju nke Catholic Church. Ụkọchukwu nnọchiteanya gburugburu onwe ha na -ebi ndụ okomoko ma na-esiwanye egbochi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị usoro. Nke a ghara ikwe na ịtụkwasị obi nke ndị Church. Na njedebe, ọnọdụ nke mkpesa dugara Ndozigharị.

The isiokwu nke nkà mmụta okpukpe esemokwu na-onwe ha Agha Ntụte. Ndị na-akpata na-esi nke a mkpọsa dị iche iche inyocha site okpukpe ụbụrụ na-aghọ. Ajụjụ banyere permissibility nke ahia, na ndi mba ọzọ, na-agbaziri si ha na omenala na nkà mmụta sayensị na ihe ọmụma na chọọchị gburugburu ebe obibi mere arụmụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ.

agha innovations

The Crusades dugara mma nke ọgụ si eme na ụfọdụ ngwá agha. Enweela ịrịba ọganihu na-ewu ulo-agha na ndị ọzọ na e wusiri ike. Na Middle East Europe mbụ bịara mata na a crossbow. Otu ihe dị mkpa pụta bụkwa mmata nke mkpa ọ dị inye ụsụụ ndị agha, bụ ndị gara na a ogologo ibugo onu. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị agha pụta nke Crusades ndị a odida Kraịst, ndị agha art na Europe gafeworo ukwu.

levantiytsy

Ọ bụghị ihe niile nke Agha Ntụte laghachi n'ala nna ha mgbe ha gwụchara. Part nke kwabatara si Europe nọgidere na Lebanon, Palestine na Turkey mgbe ọdịda nke Alaeze nke Jerusalem. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ụmụ nke ndị agha ntụte na ndị ahịa France na Italy. Ha wee na-ahụ Catholic okwukwe na bịara mara levantiytsev. Na Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, ha natara ihe ùgwù ụfọdụ, ndị e tumadi aku ahia, shipbuilding na crafts.

The oge a ọnọdụ nke Catholic Church

Taa Vatican bụ nnọọ akọ banyere ndị na-esi nke Crusades. Positive na-adịghị mma akụkụ nke ihe ndị ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ na-aba na isiokwu nke a n'ihu ọha okpukpe arụmụka. Kama, Church prefers na-ekwu banyere ibu ọrụ n'ụzọ omume ya mere n'oge gara aga.

N'afọ 2004, mgbe onyeisi ndị bishọp nke Constantinople Bartholomew m bụ na a party na Vatican, Pope John Paul II rịọ ya mgbaghara maka kpọọ nke Byzantium isi obodo nke Agha Ntụte. Ọ katọrọ ojiji nke ngwá agha megide kwere ekwe ibe anyị, na-ekwu na oké ọdachi maka Church of Agha Ntụte. Nkenke, ma amamihe o kwuru na okwu nke Pope onyeisi ndị bishọp nke Constantinople. "Mmụọ nke ná mma bụ ike karịa ịkpọasị," - kwuru Bartholomew.