Ivan Viskovatov: a obere biography na foto

Historians amaghị kpọmkwem mgbe Ivan Viskovatov mụrụ. E kwuru banyere ya na-akọ na 1542, mgbe a Podyachev dere a conciliatory akwụkwọ ozi ka Polish alaeze. Viskovatov bụ pụtara ala-mụrụ, ọ bụ a obere-guzobere magburu ezinụlọ. Ya ọrụ o wuru site ha onwe ha mbo, eke talent na intercession nke patrons. Dịkọrọ ndụ kọwara ya dị ka a nnọọ ọkà mmadụ. ọkà okwu na ikike ndị dị nnọọ mkpa na diplomaati, ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ihe karịrị oge, Ivan na-aga Viskovatov nnọchiteanya iji (na prototype nke Ministry of Foreign Affairs).

mbuli elu

Ruo etiti nke XVI narị afọ dum diplomatic usoro nke Russian ala e wuru gburugburu Grand Duke. O nwere ike nyefee ndị ọzọ ụfọdụ ikike na n'otu n'otu, ma ọ dịghị ọha alụmdi.

On ọnọdụ na Moscow diplomacy nke oge a pụrụ hụrụ na Ndenye ke akwụkwọ nke ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo. Ha na-ekwu na, ebe ọ bụ na 1549, na nso nso a kpuwere Tsar Ivan Grozny nyere iwu Viskovatov privozimye anabata mba ọzọ nke ndị nnọchianya, ukara akwụkwọ ozi. Mgbe ahụ malitere mbụ ukara esenidụt njem. Ọzọkwa na 1549, ọ gara gọvanọ Astrakhan Nogais na Derbyshev.

Na isi nke ndị nnọchiteanya Office

E jiri ya tụnyere ndị ogbo ha Ivan Viskovatov ọbụna na ala n'usoro. Ọ dị nanị Podyachev. Ivan Grozny, ekele maka ike Viskovatov, ji ya tụnyere onye ọzọ eminent-ekwuchitere mba - Fedor Mishurin na Menshikov Putyanin. Ya mere nobleman ghọrọ ukochukwu. All otu 1549, Ivan Viskovatov mberede họpụtara isi nke diplomatic ngalaba. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na-elekọta ụlọ ya ụdị na mba akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Site na oge Viskovatov malitere ifịk arụmọrụ, nke n'ụzọ gbadatara izute na ọtụtụ ndị mba ọzọ nke ndị nnọchianya. Na dikọn bịara nnọchiteanya si Nogai Horde, Lithuania, Poland, Kazan, Denmark, Germany na na. D. The pụrụ iche ọnọdụ Viskovatov ya mere na o natara na ịga ozu na onye. N'ihi na nzukọ ndị a, e nwere a pụrụ iche dyachya obi. Banyere ya na akwụkwọ ozi ya o kwuru Ivan Grozny.

Ibu ọrụ diplomaati

Ke adianade ọmụmụ ihe nnọchiteanya nke Ivan Viskovatov na-elekọta ha akwụkwọ ozi na eze na ndị Boyar Duma. The ukochukwu nọ mgbe niile mbido mkparita uka. Ke adianade do, enye ama abuana ke nzukọ nke Russian embassies ná mba ọzọ.

N'oge eze nzukọ na ndị nnọchianya bụ Viskovatov Ivan Mikhailovich duru mkpakorita ogbugba ndu, na ya na ndekọ e mesịrị esịne ke ukara ndekọ. Ke adianade do, eze ukwu nyere ya iwu na-eduzi ya Archive. Nke a bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke pụrụ iche akwụkwọ ndị e dere: nile di iche iche nke iwu si Moscow na ndị isi ndị ọzọ, pedigrees nke mba ọzọ amụma akwụkwọ, investigative ihe, ọchịchị na-ede n'akwụkwọ.

Nche nke State Archives

The nwoke na-ele ndị eze-edebe ihe ochie, nwere nwere nnukwu ibu ọrụ. Ọ bụ na nke a nchekwa Viskovatov e reorganized n'ime a iche iche alụmdi. Chapter Nnọchiteanya nke iji na-arụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ si Archive, n'ihi na enweghị ha ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka ase banyere mmekọrịta mba ndị ọzọ na-ahazi ọmụmụ ihe na ala ọzọ bịara mgbakọ ahụ.

Na 1547, Moscow ahụhụ a egwu ọkụ, nke na ha dịkọrọ ndụ na-akpọ "ihe ukwu." The ọkụ mebiri emebi na Archive. Na-elekọta ya ma weghachi bara uru akwụkwọ aghọwo a n'elu mkpa site nnọọ ná mmalite Viskovatov n'umu ka isi nke diplomatic ngalaba.

N'okpuru nchebe nke Zakharins

Bara ọgaranya n'usoro iwu eke Ivana Viskovatogo nke ọma ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi ya mbo. Behind ya bu ike patrons onye patronized na nyeere ya protégé. Ha Zakharins - ikwu nke mbụ na nwunye Ivana Groznogo Anastasia. Ha rapprochement mee ka esemokwu ahụ bilitere na Kremlin ke 1553. The eto eto eze oké ọrịa, ya entourage kpọrọ-atụ egwu maka ndụ nke Ọkaakaa. Viskovatov Ivan Mikhailovich chọrọ eze ka a ikpeazụ uche na agba. Dị ka akwụkwọ a na ndị ọchịchị na ihe omume nke ọnwụ nke Ivan kwesịrị ịga ya isii n'ọnwa nwa Dmitry.

Na a ọnọdụ nke ejighị ihe n'aka nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ikwu tara Staritsa (gụnyere na-agbalị inwe ike ya na nwa nwanne nna Vladimir Andreyevich), na-atụ egwu oké ike nke onye iro boyar umunna malitere-akpa nkata megide Zakharins. N'ihi ya, ọkara nke ogige anaraghị iyi ntorobịa Dmitry. Ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya ọ kwụsịtụrụ ọbụna ezigbo ndụmọdụ eze Alexei Adashev. Ma Viskovatov nọrọ na n'akụkụ nke Dmitry (ie Zakharins), n'ihi na nke ha mgbe nile na-ekele ya. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị eze gbakee. All ndị boyars, na-adịghị na-achọ na-akwado na-achụso nke Dmitry, bụ a nwa akara.

Eye nke Ọkaakaa

Ke n'etiti nke XVI narị afọ isi na-elekwasị anya nke Russia si mba ọzọ amụma bụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Na 1552, ndị tara weghaara Kazan, na 1556 - Astrakhan. N'obí onye-isi supporter nke ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ Aleksey Adashev. Viskovatov, ọ bụ ezie soro eze na ya Kazan mkpọsa, na nnọọ ukwuu ịnụ ọkụ n'obi o enyene n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-eme. Ọ bụ ya na-guzo si malite diplomatic kọntaktị n'etiti Russia na England. Na Muscovy (dị ka ọ na-akpọ n'oge ahụ na Europe) enweghị ohere na Baltic Oké Osimiri, otú oké osimiri ahia na Old World e rụrụ site kefriza oyi Arkhangelsk. Na 1553 n'ebe ahụ wee na English akwọ ụgbọ mmiri Richard Chensler.

N'ọdịnihu, ndị ahia mere ka ọtụtụ na-eleta ndị Russia. Ya nke ọ bụla bịara na esonyere omenala nzukọ na Ivan Viskovaty. The isi nke nnọchiteanya Department zutere na chancelo na ụlọ ọrụ kacha ike na ndị bara ọgaranya Russian ahịa. Nke a, n'ezie, bụ banyere ahia. The British chọrọ ịghọ a monopolist na Russian ahịa, full of pụrụ iche na ngwaahịa ndị Europe. Mkpa mkparita uka, na-ekwurịta okwu ndị a, rụrụ Ivan Viskovatov. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, mbụ ha ahia nkwekọrịta keere a oké mkpa na ogologo okwu ọrụ.

Viskovatov na England

Ahịa Albion natara preferential akwụkwọ ozi full nke ụdị ihe ùgwù. Ha meghere ha itieutom ke ọtụtụ Russian obodo. Moscow si negotiators-nwetara a pụrụ iche nri na-ere na UK na-enweghị ọrụ.

Free ntinye Russia bụ na-emeghe ka British nka, omenkà, nka na dọkịta. Nnukwu onyinye ntoputa nke bara uru dị otú mmekọahụ n'etiti ike ọchịchị abụọ mere ka ọ Ivan Viskovaty. Akara aka nke ya nkwekọrịta na British gosiri nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma: ha kere ruo nkera nke abụọ nke na Asaa na narị afọ.

A supporter nke Livonian War

Enweghị nke Baltic ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na ọchịchọ ịbanye Western European ahịa kewapụrụ Ivana Groznogo na mmalite nke agha megide Livonian Order, emi odude na ókèala a na-ụbọchị Estonia na Latvia. Erule oge kacha mma oge nke ndị Knights hapụrụ. Ha agha nzukọ nọ na-enwe a oké njọ ojuju, na Russian Tsar,-enweghị ihe mere ikwere na ọ bụ dịtụ mfe ike ime ka isi Baltic obodo: Riga, Dorpat, Reval, St. George, Pernavu. Ke adianade do, knight onwe ha kpasuru esemokwu, adịghị ekwe ka Russia na European ahịa, omenkà na ngwaahịa. The mgbe agha ahụ malitere na 1558 na dọkpụụrụ na isua 25.

Livonian ajụjụ kewaa eze bịakwutere ya ka ìgwè abụọ. The mbụ gburugburu na-aga Adashev. Na-akwado ya kweere na ọ dị mkpa nke mbụ niile na-ewusi ha nsogbu na ndịda Tatar Khanate na ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman. Ivan Viskovatov na ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-enwe ndị na-abụghị na-ekwu. Ha kwadoro n'ihu nke agha na Baltic States na ilu ọgwụgwụ.

The fiasco na Baltic States

Ke akpa na-adọ nke ndị agha na Knights ihe niile gara kpọmkwem dị ka Ivan chọrọ Viskovatov. Biography nke a diplomaati bụ ihe atụ nke iwu, oge ọ bụla na ime ezi mkpebi. Ma ugbu a, isi nke Ndị Nnọchiteanya nke iji guessing. Livonian Order ngwa ngwa meriri. Castle nke Knights nyefere otu mgbe ndị ọzọ. O yiri na Baltic States ama ke akpa.

Otú ọ dị, ịga nke ọma nke Russian ogwe aka a kpọrọ kwusiri ndị agbata obi Western-ekwu. Poland, Lithuania, Denmark na Sweden nwekwara ekwu na Livonian nketa ma ghara bu n'obi nye niile Baltic tara. Akpa, European ike nọ na-agbalị ịkwụsị ọjọọ agha na ha site diplomatic ọwa. Na Moscow ruru ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo. Zutere ha, dị ka na-atụ anya, Ivan Viskovatov. Photos nke diplomaati bụghị e ẹnịm, ma ọbụna maara ya anya na àgwà, anyị nwere ike n'enweghị iche na ọ ably gbachiteere ọdịmma nke ya Ọkaakaa. Chapter Nnọchiteanya iji anọgide jụrụ ihe ọjọọ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mediation na-emegide ndị Livonian Order. Ọzọkwa mmeri nke Russian agha na Baltic States mere ka egwu na Poland na Lithuania e jikọọ n'ime otu ala - Rzeczpospolita. A ọhụrụ player na mba arena na-ekwu okwu megide Russia. N'oge na-adịghị mgbe agha ahụ tara ọkwa ma na Sweden. Livonian War dọkpụụrụ na, na niile Mmeri Russian ogwe-kwụsịrị. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ ọkara nke ọzọ agha were ebe na-enweghị òkè Viskovatov. Site na nke a oge ọ aghọọla a aja ada nke onwe ha eze.

ihere

The esemokwu na boyars Ivan ndị tara malitere na 1560, mgbe niile a ọnwụ mberede nwunye ya mbụ, Anastasia. Ọjọọ ire agbasa asịrị banyere ya nsi. Nke nta nke nta, eze ghọrọ-enyo anyị enyo, o jupụtara Inyo na egwu nye. Ndị a atụ Noa mgbe ná mba ọzọ edidem ọsọ ezigbo ndụmọdụ, Andrei Kurbsky. Na Moscow, ama isi mbụ.

Boyars kwabara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ indulged na ihe ndị kasị na-enyo enyo ntaramahụhụ nkatọ na nkwutọ dịkwa. Na kwụ n'ahịrị maka mgbuchapụ na bụ anyaụfụ nke ọtụtụ asọmpi Ivan Viskovatov. Brief biography nke diplomaati, Otú ọ dị, kwuru na ya dịtụ ogologo oge ezere iwe nke ya Ọkaakaa.

ọnwụ

Na 1570, megide ndabere nke weere na Livonia tara na ya agbakwa kpebie ịga maa ụlọikwuu na Novgorod bi onye ha enyo enyo nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru na-ọmịiko mba ọzọ iro. Mgbe ọbara e edozi na mwute eke Ivana Viskovatogo. Na nkenke, na repressive igwe enweghị ike ịkwụsị ya. Na mmalite nke oké ụjọ megide ha boyars, Ivan mkpa niile ọhụrụ sabo. Ọ bụ ezie na abụghị echekwawo akwụkwọ na-akọwara oge anyị dị ka mkpebi Viskovatov, anyị nwere ike iche na ọ kwutọọ eze ọhụrụ ọkacha mmasị: Guardsmen Malyuta Skuratov na Vasily unyi.

Obere oge tupu ndị nobleman E wepụrụ-edu ndú nke Nnọchiteanya iji. Ke adianade do, ugboro Ivan Viskovatov n'ihu ọha gbalịrị ịrịọchitere maka terrorized boyars. Omume ndụmọdụ diplomaati tara bilitere iwe nkatọ. Viskovatov na e gburu na July 25, 1570. Ọ ebubo nke treasonable mmekọahụ Crimea Khan na Polish eze.