ZIS-154 - akpa anụ ụlọ ụgbọ ala na a ngwakọ engine

December 8, 1946 nwalere mbụ anụ ụlọ ụgbọ ala ZIS-154, nke nwere a carload layout. Na ọ bụ ya na mma. The ọhụrụ ụgbọ ala ahụ bụ nke mbụ Soviet ụgbọ ala na a ngwakọ Powertrain. Nke ahụ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe atụmatụ e emejuputa atumatu na ya. Ọ esịtidem combustion engine generator na-agba gburugburu, nke, n'aka, nri site electric Motors, na torque nnyefe na ịnya ụgbọ ala wiil.

Malite na prototypes

Work na oru ngo malitere na n'oge spring 1946. Site May nke afọ ahụ, KB pụrụ iche ụgbọ ala haziri maka VMS, nke e kwere nkwa ọlụlụ na-ewu na ọhụrụ ígwè. Bureau gawa Ai Skerdzhiev. Ọ ga-kwuru na ụgbọ ala Ọdịdị bụ kere site ọkọ. Prototypes nke ọhụrụ nlereanya ndị American GMC na Mack. Ọ bụ igwe ndị a nwere na ụgbọala ahụ-ahu, mere nke aluminum alloy, nke e mesịrị na-eji na imewe nke ahụ ZIS-154.

ụgbọala ọhụrụ engine nwekwara adịghị mbụ. Push sere ike unit ike nke 110 lita. a. (YAZ-204D), bụ nnoo a "pirated" oyiri nke US engine nke GMC. Moscow ụgbọ ala na-anabata otu n'ime a ụgbọala ọhụrụ na 800th ncheta nke bụ isi obodo nke USSR. Ya mere, ka na-atụghị anya ọnọdụ n'oge ncheta ememe, ke akpa nyere site 45 "ihe nlereanya" ZIS anụ ụlọ ndị ogbo powerplant dochie dizel GMC-4-71, nwetara n'ime afọ nke agha site na ha jikọrọ aka na-agbazinye-mgbazinye.

Bus aluminum

Ebe ọ bụ na ZIS ama mgbe ka ụgbọ ala na ihe niile na-metal monocoque ahụ, e kpebiri na-agụnye bọs imewe ọkachamara Tushino ugbo elu mmepụta ihe. Dị ka a n'ihi nke nkwonkwo ọrụ nke abụọ CB agba ahụ e kere, na Ọdịdị nke nke bụ a set nke ọtụtụ yiri ngalaba ibe, esịnede osisi, igba nchara na aluminum profaịlụ. Ọzọkwa bodywork ZIS-154 kpebiri ijikota na trolleybus ahụ MTB-82B na tram MTV-82. Ihe dị iche ụgha naanị na eziokwu na ọ e mere na-adịghị eburu ndị a ụdịdị nke iga.

ụgbọ ala Nzipu

The ike unit na-positioned transversely na azụ overhang nke ụgbọ ala, a ise-seater sofa. Dizel YAZ-204 D jikọọ na ike generator kpọbata kpọmkwem ugbu a na moto, nke a na-gabiga gimbal adiana n'azụ axle. Na-agbanwe agbanwe direction (atụ na backward) e rụrụ site a mgba ọkụ dị nso akwọ ụgbọala oche. Ịmafe e kwere ka-rụrụ nanị mgbe a zuru stop nke ụgbọ ala.

The ịdị ukwuu nke chọrọ tractive mgbalị na-akpaghị aka gbanwee, nke bụ a anya plus electric nnyefe. Na nke a, na-arụ ọrụ nke onye na-akwọ nnọọ mfe. Iwepụ mkpa nke na-agbanwe agbanwe Kwadobe, karị, na-apịpụta ipigide pedal, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime obodo mepere emepe na gburugburu. Otú ọ dị, nke a na mma-achọ ezi na, n'elu niile, ruru eru mmezi nke osisi, nke, N'ezie, n'oge ahụ a nnukwu nsogbu n'ihi na nke ọhụrụ nke usoro na enweghị nke ọkachamara ike ịrụzi.

Ọzọkwa, ike enyefere esịtidem combustion engine ruo wheel esịmde inyịme abụọ akakabarede na ọkpụrụkpụ ọnwụ nke arụmọrụ. Nke a na-eduga ná elu mmanụ ụgbọala oriri (65 lita kwa 100 km). O sina dị, ụlọ ọhụrụ na owuwu gara usoro. Site n'oge July na Moscow were ụgbọ ala n'ime ya n'ohu mbụ 7 ugbo ala tọhapụrụ site osisi. A September 7th Fleet kwukwara ọzọ 25 nkeji.

Iji obi ụtọ nke njem

Na-ewu ụgbọ njem na okwu nke mma tụgharịa si nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma. The n'ime ime e mere maka mmadụ 60, n'etiti ha - 34 aba. Seat Cushioning Agba Nhọrọ ma ọ bụ plush. N'ihi na oyi ZIS-154 e onwem na a ọma kpo oku usoro, na n'ihi na n'oge okpomọkụ - ventilated. Nkasi Obi tinye na juu nkwusioru. The ụgbọ ala accelerated were were kpaliri uniformly, na tụnyere gara aga ụdị ọ bụ naanị a ọrụ ebube ụgbọ ala. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-arụ ọrụ a chọpụtara a ịrịba mwepu, nke n'ikpeazụ dugara na ndọrọ ego nke igwe si mmepụta.

The nnukwu nsogbu nke ọhụrụ ụgbọ ala

The dum nsogbu nke ZIS-154 bụ engine. Ke adianade elu mmanụ ụgbọala oriri, YAZ-204D nnọọ oké ụzụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-obi ọjọọ chadil black iyuzucha. Ma ọbụna na ndị kasị dị egwu. N'oge ruo n'oge dizel ụgbọ ala, ha na-ekwu, "wee banye mgbakwasa," na ọ bụ ha nwere na n'ekweghị ngụgụ ụba ọkụ. Ịkwụsị ya, na-akwọ ebipuru mmanụ akara dị mkpa. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-echeta na engine bụ ndị nọ n'azụ na nke igwe, n'ezie, ọ bụ a oké nsogbu.

"Nkewa" aghọwo a ezigbo ihe otiti nke ZIS-154. Ọbụna na ụgbọ ala mma ọrụ ntuziaka ka onye na-akwọ ịkwụsị ụgbọ ala na ntụziaka ụkwụ na aka breeki. ọ ga-ahụ jụrụ onye na-eduzi ma ọ bụ na ụfọdụ ndị njem anọgide braking, na ozugbo isi na engine ogige na ihighari mmanụ ọkụ anwụrụ, si otú ịkwụsịtụ ọkọnọ nke mmanụ ụgbọala na engine injectors. Dozie nsogbu a na osisi nwere ike ọ bụghị, n'ihi na amaghị kpọmkwem ihe kpatara nke onu.

Ya mere, na-ama na 1950, nke ahụ bụ afọ atọ mgbe mmalite nke mmepụta, usoro mmepụta nke ZIS-154 kpamkpam phased si. O sina dị, n'oge ahụ osisi a tọhapụrụ 1165 "ọrụ ebube na-ụgbọ ala", site na nke ụgbọ ala ogige ntụrụndụ iji kpochapụ onwe ha site nko ma ọ bụ site na crook. N'ezie, ụgbọ ala n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ ihe ọhụrụ n'ihi na ya oge, ma ọ bụ nnọọ nzukọ, ya mere adịghị natara n'ihu mmepe.