2 trimester nke afọ ime, ultrasound: transcript

Ọtụtụ ndị nwere mmasị na-ihe trimester Biochemical analysis Ẹnịm na US? 2 trimester ka a saa mbara nnyocha e mere nke inyom niile, na-enweghị isịneke. Ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta ebughi azịza banyere data nwetara mbụ, nakwa dị ka ihe mgbaàmà pụtara, na nke na-egosi ultrasound.

Mee ultrasound (trimester 2) nanị n'okpuru iwu ụfọdụ nke nkwadebe maka usoro. Nkọwa nke data na-ewe ebe dị ka otu ụkpụrụ dị ka na mbụ ule.

Nke abụọ echetakwa na ibu a nwa chọrọ abụọ nzọụkwụ:

1. Arụ 2nd trimester ultrasound.
2. Echetakwa ule - a ọbara ule na veins nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke homonụ.

Isi na-egosi maka nnyocha e mere

Studies ẹkenịmde kpọmkwem otu ihe mere dị ka nke mbụ trimester:

1. Ọnụnọ nke nje ma ọ bụ malitere ịrịa ọrịa.
2. Diseases ịtamu ketara eketa.
3. Diabetes mellitus.
4. Ọrịa nke nkwonkwo.
5. Cancer nke otu n'ime ndị mụrụ ha.
6. Chromosomal daa ọrịa nke okike
7. A akụkọ ihe mere eme nke miscarriages ma ọ bụ n'amaghi òfùfè.
8. Inwe a nwa na ụfọdụ abnormalities.
9. Mere tupu ọnwụ nke nwa ebu n'afọ na akpa nwa;
10. Ogbenye pụta nke mbụ screening, mere maka oge nke 14 izu na mgbe e mesịrị gosiri na ọrịa ntutu ịdapụsị mmepe nke ẹmbrayo.

US norm 2 trimester ekwe ịchọpụta ihe proportionality nke a nwa ọkpụkpụ ikpughe ala nke ụbụrụ ventricles, cerebellum, spinal na ọdịdị ihu owuwu. Karịsịa, mgbe ọ na-eru ntị na imi, egbugbere ọnụ, anya anya, ndị atria nke obi, oké arịa, akụrụ, eriri afo na eriri afọ tract.

fetometry

Ultrasound Protocol 2 trimester ezubere pụtara:

• ebe Plasenta na ya ọkpụrụkpụ;
• Ọdịdị okè ogo Plasenta;
• nọmba nke arịa na eriri nwa;
• mmiri ọmụmụ;
• ala cervix na eriri akpa nwa mgbidi na ejiji;
• fetometry egosi.

Fetometry akpọ n'ihe nke nwa ebu n'afọ na size. Ọ na-agụnye:

• nke ndị isi nke nwa ebu n'afọ, ọkpọiso na olu;
• gburugburu n'obosara nke isi na abdominal gbaa;
• cephalic index imata Ọdịdị nke ahụ isi;
• ogologo ogologo ọkpụkpụ (hip, adị ka okporo ụkwụ, nnukwu na obere, humerus, ulna na okirikiri) na abụọ.

Nyopụta 2 trimester ultrasound-enye anyị ohere igosi developmentally kwesịrị ekwesị gestational afọ, na-amata na ọkwa nke nwa ebu n'afọ na ibu, na-akwado oge nke afọ ime, ịmata ihe na-lag ke mmepe na ọnụnọ nke abnormalities.

iberibe

Intrauterine ibu nwere ike of symmetric na akpàràkpà udi. Ke akpa idaha, mmepe bụ proportional ka, na ihe nile na-egosi na-atụ aro ultrasound slippage si norm nke ime.

Asymmetrical atụmatụ ndị dị ka ndị:

• tụọ n'úkwù gbaa n'okpuru norm;
• isi size na DBC nkịtị ruo ogologo oge;
• ụba ruru nke iyuzucha gas / coolant na CST / coolant.

Dabere na pụta nwetara, anyị nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche atọ etoju nke backlog:

1. Backlog maka 2-3 izu.
2. Backlog maka 3-4 izu.
3. 5 izu ma ọ bụ karịa.

Assessment nke ọnọdụ nke esịtidem akụkụ nke nwa ebu n'afọ 2 trimester nke afọ ime, ultrasound

Cross-ngalaba nke isi-ya:

• ekwe na ọrịa ntutu ịdapụsị Ọdịdị ke udi nke a lemon, banana na strawberry ma ọ bụ akpọ brachycephaly, ọnụnọ nke abụọ-akaghị isi na-egosi na ụbụrụ edema;
• na-amụ eziokwu nke ihe owuwu nke okpokoro isi ọkpụkpụ.

Assessment nke ala nke ụbụrụ:

• ventriculomegaly egosi ikpọ ụbụrụ ventricles;
• na vaskụla usoro na-egosi na cysts;
• hụrụ na cerebellum daa ọrịa;
• neoplasms ojoo okpokoro isi, nke na-emi odude na ya elu.

Identification nke anọ ịrịba ama nke Down syndrome:

• ụba anya n'etiti sockets;
• ọnụ bụ na-emeghe ala;
• ire protruding;
• kpughere obi ntụpọ;
• ọkpụkpụ shortened ukwu.

Ihu owuwu:

• Profaịlụ amụ elu na nke ala jaws;
• ọnụnọ nke Cyclops na anophthalmia (research ubi nke anya sockets);
• n'iru mkpịwa egbugbere ọnụ na okpo ọnụ (mkpịwa okpo ọnụ na mkpịwa egbugbere ọnụ);
• ọnụnọ nke protrusion nke elu agha.

Mgbe ọkpụkpụ azụ anomalies kwuru ọnụnọ nke cleavage na mpaghara ebe a. Ọ na-achọkwa na ndiiche mmepe nke ọgidigi azụ. Nke a bụ nnọọ ize ndụ daa ọrịa.

A ịgụ isiokwu nke obi. Nke a na-aghọ ndị mwepu nke pleural na pericardial effusion - nkịtị pericardial ọmụmụ gbalaga bụghị karịa 2mm. Gosiri site na ọkwa nke ntozu okè nke ngụgụ - ọ bụla n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-emepe emepe akpa ume enyene otu n'ime atọ nke cross ngalaba. Tọhapụrụ atọ degrees:

• 0 - egosi ìhè echogenicity obere echogenicity imeju.
• 1 - ọgụgụ echogenicity akpa ume na imeju na Ẹkot;
• 2 - egosi ìhè n'elu echogenicity echogenicity imeju.

Ọ na-ekpebisi ike site gbasara obi mmepụta (ọnụnọ nke quad ụlọ enweghị pathologies) na isi arịa. Ọzọkwa inyocha afo, imeju, eriri afọ, akụrụ, eriri afo na diaphragm.

Evaluation nke Plasenta

Study isiokwu na adịte akụkụ. Ndị a gụnyere Plasenta, eriri nwa na mmiri ọmụmụ. Arụ 2nd trimester ultrasound-enye anyị ohere ikpebi ọnọdụ nke Plasenta na mmekọrita anụ ụlọ zevu eriri akpa nwa cervix.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-mmasị na a anya nke 5.5 cm n'okpuru esịtidem os, asị ala placentation, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-egbochi site n'ime zevo dum ma ọ bụ akụkụ, ọ bụ ihe àmà nke Plasenta previa.

Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-atọ trimester, ọ pụrụ ịkpali ma na ịrị elu, ya mere, na-egosi na amanyere bụ iwu ultrasound na 27-28 izu.

placental ọkpụrụkpụ na-abawanye, dabere na gestational afọ na-eme atụmatụ na n'ókè nke na-ekekọta nke eriri nwa. Ọ bụrụ na ndị index nke ọkpụrụkpụ ukwuu karịa 4.5 cm, ọ na-egosi na ọnụnọ nke edema na nwa ebu n'afọ na RH ọrịa, N'ezie nke ọrịa na-efe ọdịdị ma ọ bụ ọnụnọ nke-arịa ọrịa shuga.

Ogo okè nke Plasenta:

• About - ruo 30 izu;
• 1 - ruo 27-36 izu;
• 2 - 34-39 izu;
• 3 - mgbe 36 izu.

Status of mmiri ọmụmụ na eriri nwa

Rastsenivanie mmiri ọmụmụ-enye gị ohere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ. Elu ma ọ bụ ndị dara mbà n'obi na-etoju nke ibute ọrịa na-akpalite a nwa ebu n'afọ na akpa nwa, na-akwalite ọdịdị dị iche iche pathologies.

Iji chọpụta ego nke mmiri ọmụmụ na-iwere na mmiri ọmụmụ index. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ihe na-erughị 2 cm, anyị na-ekwu okwu nke belatara ọdịnaya, na ndị ọzọ karịa 8 cm - mma.

Na-eleru eriri gụọ ọnụọgụ nke arịa. Nọmalị, ọ na e dere otu akwara na a ụzọ nke akwara. Nakwa kwuru na ọnụnọ nke eriri nwa loops na ya entanglement gburugburu nwa ebu n'afọ na olu.

ala nke akpanwa

US protocol nke 2nd trimester nke afọ ime, ma na-agụnye ihe ọmụma banyere ala nke akpanwa. Ẹkedọhọde larịị nke voltaji. Hypertonia ná mgbidi, ọnụnọ nke mgbu ma ọ bụ ọbara secretions previa chọpụtara.

Eriri akpa nwa mgbidi ọnọdụ atụle na ọnụnọ nke cancer etuto ahụ (fibroids). Nakwa kwuru na na-emekarị nke ha ibu, na ebe ikwu na ẹmbrayo na Plasenta. N'ihe banyere ịwa ahụ na akpanwa na-eme atụmatụ rumen:

1. Bara ọgaranya ụdị onya. Ya Ọdịdị nwere dịghị inclusions, ji homogeneity na evenness contours nke ala nke. Egosi onya ọkpụrụkpụ nke karịa 3 mm.
2. Keukpa ọdịdị nke onya. Ọ na-ekwu ntụpọ. Ka ihe atụ, rumen tọhapụrụ miri niche, thinned ákwà, elu ichekwa hyperechoic inclusions connective anụ ahụ.

ala nke cervix

Iji chọpụta cervical incompetence ala eriri akpa nwa cervix atụmatụ egosi nke ogologo ya, cross cervical kanaal. Nọmalị, n'olu size kwesịrị dịkarịa ala 35 mm. N'ihi na shortening ruo 30 mm na ndị inyom, kpara nwa mbụ ha, na ruo 20 mm na nke abụọ afọ ime, ọ bụ omume na-ekpe ikpe ndị isthmic tserviakalnoy ọdịda.

ọzụzụ

US (2 trimester) achọ ọ ọzụzụ pụrụ iche. Eriri afọ ya, n'agbanyeghị na ọnụnọ nke gas, otdvigaetsya ago mụbara na size akpanwa. A zuru eriri afo na-dochie anya mmiri ọmụmụ.

Ma tupu inye onyinye ọbara analysis achọ ụfọdụ ọzụzụ. The ụbọchị tupu usoro, a nwaanyị dị ime ghara iri chocolate, koko na e ghere eghe ihe oriri. Ke adianade do, ị kwesịrị ị na-eri n'ihi 4-6 awa tupu ọbara onyinye. I nwere ike na-aṅụ na mmiri maka 4 awa, ma ọ bụghị aerated na na ego nke bụghị ihe karịrị 150 ml.

Ọ ga-kwuru na echetakwa na nke atọ trimester achọghị ka ọ bụla ọzụzụ.

Mgbe nnyocha e mere na-ekenịmde

Diagnostic usoro iheomume nke abụọ trimester - 16-20 izu. Nke a ọnọdụ dị ezigbo mkpa ka ndị kwesịrị ekwesị mkpebi siri ike nke na ọkwa nke homonụ na ọbara. AFỌ ultrasound dabaa n'ụbọchị nke abụọ trimester Biochemical analysis of ọbara. Ultrasound na-eme na mbụ, na na-arụpụta zigara a nwaanyị na a ọbara ule.

The abụọ echetakwa dị mma na-agafe na 17 izu nke afọ ime, ma ọ bụ izu tupu ụbọchị.

Ọtụtụ ndị na-eche ebe-eme ka US 2 trimester nke afọ ime? Nke a na usoro a rụrụ na district clinics, gynecological na perinatal emmepe. Transcript nke na-agba akaebe anam-uzist dọkịta.

Iwu nke ọmụmụ

A ọmụmụ nke ime ndị inyom na-agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kpọmkwem usoro.

Ultrasound nnyocha a rụrụ naanị transabdominal, nke ahụ bụ na akpụkpọ nke afo. Iji mezuo nke a, nwaanyị tọrọ ala na n'ihe ndina, na-emeghe afo. abdominal n'elu na-tee na jel. The dọkịta na-eduga na nyocha na ya n'ihu mgbidi. Mgbu ma ọ bụ ọ bụla erughị ala nke a abụghị mkpachapụ.

Na otú ọ rụrụ Biochemical analysis? A nwaanyị dị ime na-abịakwute lab na ihe efu afo. Blood-e si a akwara ke ichekwa ọtụtụ milliliters. Na laabu, nwaanyị na-enye ultrasound pụta na ihe jupụtara n'ime na ajụjụ. The natara data na-esichara site na ihe omume. The results ga-adị njikere na 14 ụbọchị.

transcript

Nyopụta agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-egosi, ọ bụla nke nwere ya norm. N'ihi Biochemical echetakwa agụnyekarị ikpebi larịị nke dị homonụ

• chorionic gonadotropin;
• estriol;
• fetoprotein;
• inhibin, ma ọ bụrụ na rụrụ Mmaji na quadruple ule.

Results nke mere nnyocha nke abụọ adabere na oge nke afọ ime. Ha na-enyocha dị na uru nke IOM. Nke a nkezi uru nke na gbakọọ si afọ, ahu arọ na ime obodo nke ọ bi. dagnostiki egosi na-ekewa n'ime uru nwetara na ọmụmụ a nnukwu sample nke ndị inyom nke otu afọ ndụ na otu mpaghara.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị hormone bụ na nso nke 0.5-2.5 mama, ọ na-atụle a nkịtị ọnụego. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-erughị a nyere uru ma ọ bụ Anglịkan n'elu, na nke a na ọ na-egosi ọkachamara ndụmọdụ.

Nkọwa nchọpụta nsogbu abụọ trimester bụ designation ize ndụ larịị ke otu daa ọrịa. Ọ na-họpụtara dị ka a nta. Elu-ize ndụ a na-ewere ihe na-egosi nke 1: 250 ma ọ bụ 1: 360 maka ụdị ọ bụla nke daa ọrịa. N'ihi ya ahụrụ Down si ọrịa, nural tube ntụpọ, Edwards, Patau. Nke a na-achọ a mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa alo. Mgbe exponent 1: 100 nwere ike kpaliri invasive nnyocha nke na-agụnye ịmata ihe na-chọrọ daa ọrịa nke ẹmbrayo na site na a set nke chromosomes.

Ụfọdụ ntụpọ nwere ike ime ihe e mesịrị na a ga-gosiri na ọ bụrụ na nke abụọ screening na 16-20 izu (2 trimester). Ultrasonography rụrụ n'oge a, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ na nke a mma. Bụrụ na nke na-ezighị ezi na-arụpụta nke abụọ screening na-gwara na-achọ ndụmọdụ nke a Mkpụrụ Ndụ Ihe Nketa.