20 amino asịd nke usoro, a table aha

Ọ bụ mba na nzuzo na onye na-azụ a elu larịị nke mkpa protein - a ụdị ewu ihe onwunwe n'ihi na ahu anụ ahụ; nke protein mejupụtara 20 amino asịd, aha nke na ọ bụ eleghi anya na ha ga-asị, okporo-arụ ọrụ n'ọfịs. Onye ọ bụla, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ndị inyom, mgbe nụrụ nke collagen na keratin - edozi na-ahụ maka ọdịdị nke mbọ, akpụkpọ ntutu.

Amino asịd - ihe ọ bụ?

Amino asịd (ma ọ bụ aminocarboxylic acid; AMK; peptides) - organic compound na 16% esịnede amines - organic nkwekọrịta nke ammonium, - na ọdịiche ha si carbohydrates na lipids. Ha na-aka na biosynthesis nke protein site ahụ: na digestive usoro n'okpuru nduzi nke enzymes, ihe nile nke na-edozi na-abịa site na nri na-agbajikwa ala n'ime AMC. Ihe niile na ọdịdị, e nwere banyere 200 peptides, ma na-ewu nke ahụ mmadụ aka na niile 20 mkpa amino asịd, nke na-ekewa n'ime oké mkpa na-adịchaghị mkpa; mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere a atọ ụdị - poluzamenimye (edoghi any exchangeable).

adịchaghị mkpa amino asịd

Adịchaghị mkpa amino asịd na-ndị na-ma iwesa nri, na na-aruputaghari ozugbo na ahụ mmadụ si ọzọ bekee.

• Alanine - monomer bụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndu ogige ma na-edozi. -Eburu otu n'ime ndị ọchịchị kasị gluconeogenesis tract, i.e. na imeju na-ghọrọ ka glucose, na Anglịkan. A ukwuu n'ọrụ so na metabolic Filiks ke idem.
• Arginine - AMC na ike ga-synthesized na ahu nke ndi okenye ma ọ bụghị ike nke na njikọ na ahụ nke nwa. Ọ na-akwalite mmepụta nke ibu hormone na ndị ọzọ. The naanị ụgbọelu nke nitrogen ogige ke idem. Akwalite ụba muscle uka na-ebelata abụba.
• Asparagine - a peptide aka na nitrogen metabolism. N'oge mmeghachi omume na enzyme asparaginase cleaves nke amonia na converted n'ime aspartic acid.
• Aspartic acid - atụ ke eke immunoglobulin deactivates amonia. Mkpa mgbe malfunctions nke ụjọ na obi usoro.
• Histidine - eji maka igbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke eriri afọ ọrịa; Ọ nwere a mma-emekarị na-alụso ọrịa AIDS. Chebe ndị ozu emerụ mmetụta nchegbu.
• Glycine - neuromediatory amino acid. Eji dị nwayọọ ogwuura na antidepressant n'ụlọnga. Ọ enhances na mmetụta nke ụfọdụ neuroprotective ọgwụ ọjọọ.
• Glutamine - na nnukwu ibu bụ akụkụ nke haemoglobin. Activator nke usoro nke anụ ahụ mebiri emebi.
• Glutamic acid - nwere neuromediator mmetụta, na-akpali metabolic Filiks ke CNS.
• Proline - ọ bụ otu n'ime mmiri nke fọrọ nke nta niile na-edozi. Ha na-karịsịa ọgaranya elastin na collagen, maka akpụkpọ elasticity.
• Serine - AMC, nke a na ẹdude ke akwara ozi nke ụbụrụ, na-akwalite ntọhapụ nke nnukwu ichekwa ike. Ọ bụ a emepụta nke glycine.
• Tyrosine - a akụrụngwa nke anụmanụ na osisi arọ. Ọ nwere ike na-aruputaghari si phenylalanine na enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase; agbara usoro emee.
• Cysteine - onye nke mmiri nke keratin maka ịkwụsi ike na ekwedo nke ntutu isi, mbọ na akpụkpọ. Ọ na-bụ ihe antioxidant. Ọ nwere ike na-emepụta si serine.

Amino asịd na-adịghị ike synthesize ke idem - oké mkpa

Mkpa amino asịd ndị na-adịghị ike n'ịwa na ahụ mmadụ na-enwe ike ime naanị nri.

• Valine - AMC, nke a na ẹdude ke fọrọ nke nta niile na-edozi. Ọ mma na nchikota nke uru ahụ na-ebelata ahụ uche na okpomọkụ mgbanwe. Ọ na-akwado ndị hormone serotonin elu.
• Isoleucine - a eke anabolic na n'oge ọxịdashọn nke ike boosting muscle na ụbụrụ anụ ahụ.
• Leucine - ihe amino acid, nke mma metabolism. Ọ bụ ụdị "na-ewu" nke a protein Ọdịdị.
• Atọ ndị a AMC nke a na-akpọ mgbagwoju BCAA, karịsịa-ewu ewu n'etiti-eme egwuregwu. Bekee nke otu a-eme omume dị ka a isi iyi nke na-amụba muscle uka, na-ebelata abụba uka na-enwe ezi ahụ ike na karịsịa ufiop mmega.
• Lysine - peptide ngwa ngwa imu nke anụ ahụ, na mmepụta nke homonụ, enzymes na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Maka ike nke arịa dị na muscle protein na collagen.
• Methionine - pronimaet abuana ke njikọ nke choline, enweghị nke pụrụ iduga ụba abụba ìgwè na imeju.
• Threonine - enye ekwedo na ike nke akwara. A nnọọ mma utịp ke obi muscle, ezé Enamel.
• Tryptophan - akwado obi ala, dị ka ahụ nke na-atọghata n'ime serotonin. Dị oké mkpa maka ịda mbà n'obi na ndị ọzọ psychological ọrịa.
• Phenylalanine - mma na ọdịdị nke anụ ahụ, apụta pigmentation. Ọ na-akwado ndị psychological ọdịmma, rụọ na ọnọdụ na-eweta ihe doo anya na uche.

Ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke nhazi ọkwa nke peptides

Na nkà mmụta sayensị na n'akụkụ nke 20 mkpa amino asịd na-nkewa dabeere na polarity nke n'akụkụ yinye, ntụgharị ndị radicals. N'ihi ya, anọ iche iche na-akwanyere ùgwù: na-abụghị pola, pola (ma uncharged), ghaghị ebubo na-ezighị ezi ebubo.

Nonpolar bụ: valine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, glycine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, proline. N'aka nke ya, na polar, na-enwe a na-ezighị ezi ụgwọ na-agụnye aspartic na glutamic acid. Polar, na-enwe ụgwọ, na-akpọ arginine, histidine, lysine. N'ihi na amino asịd na-enwe polarity ma-enweghị isi ekewet ozugbo cysteine, glutamine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, asparagine.

20 amino asịd nke usoro (Isiokwu m)

Dabere na nke a, o nwere ike kwuru na niile 20 amino asịd (usoro na table n'elu) na-ekewet nke carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen na oxygen.

Amino asịd: òkè cell ọrụ

Aminocarboxylic asịd na-abuana ke ndu protein njikọ. protein biosynthesis - na ịme anwansị nke polypeptide ( "poli" - ukwuu) yinye amino acid residues. The usoro gaa na ribosome - organelle n'ime cell, kpọmkwem na-akpata biosynthesis.

Ozi a na-agụ si DNA Strand òkè na ndabere nke complementarity (A-T, C-G), mgbe na-eke ndị mRNA (ozi RNA ma ọ bụ mRNA - ozi RNA - identically echiche) nitrogenous isi agakọtakwa na-anọchi uracil. Mgbe ahụ ihe niile na otú ahụ na-emepụta a tRNA (nyefe RNA), transports na amino acid ụmụ irighiri na saịtị nke njikọ. T-RNA nzobe site triplets (codons) (atụ: ha ha), na ọ bụrụ na ị maara ihe nitrogenous bases anọchi anya a triplet, i nwere ike ịhụ ụdị amino acid ọ na-eburu.

Food iche iche na ndị kasị elu ọdịnaya nke AMK

Na mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa na àkwá nwere otú ahụ dị mkpa bekee, dị ka valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, tryptophan, methionine na phenylalanine. Fish, na-acha ọcha anụ nwere a elu ọdịnaya nke valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Legumes, cereal na mkpụrụ ọgaranya valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, methionine. Mkpụrụ dị iche iche osisi ahụ mejupụta ahu na threonine, isoleucine, lysine, arginine na histidine.

N'okpuru bụ amino acid ọdịnaya ụfọdụ ngwaahịa.

Onye kasị ukwuu ego nke tryptophan na methionine nwere ike achọpụtara na siri ike cheese, lysine - na oke bekee anụ, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine, na - na soybeans. Mgbe chikota a nri dabeere na mmezi nke AMC nkịtị, ị kwesịrị ị na ntị ka skwid na peas, na ndị kasị daa ogbenye na okwu nke ọdịnaya nke peptides nwere ike na-akpọ poteto na mmiri ara ehi.

Enweghị amino asịd na erighị anụ

Na e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ na amino asịd, nke na-ẹdude naanị na anụ na ngwaahịa, - a akụkọ ifo. Ọzọkwa, na-eme nnyocha chọpụtara na osisi-ewepụtara protein na-etinye obi gị dum site na ahụ mmadụ mma karịa anụmanụ. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ erighị anụ dị ka a ndụ dị ezigbo mkpa na-eso nri. Isi nsogbu bụ na otu narị grams nke anụ na otu ego nke agwa nwere dị iche iche na ichekwa bun na pasent. Na mbụ, i kwesịrị na-esochi nke amino acid ọdịnaya nke nri iwesa, mgbe ahụ, a ga na-na automatism.

Gịnị bụ nọmba nke amino asịd ga-iwesa kwa ụbọchị

N'ụwa taa, nnọọ ihe oriri niile nwere ndị dị mkpa nri, maka ihe a, ya mere, echegbula: niile 20 protein amino asịd na-abata n'enweghị na nri, na a ego bụ zuru ezu maka na onye na-eduga a kwesịrị ndụ na obere nsuso oriri gị.

Oriri nke ihe na-eme egwuregwu na ọ dị mkpa ka ahụ mejupụta protein, n'ihi na enweghị ha na ọ bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume na-ewu muscle uka. Mmega na-eduga ná nnukwu ụgwọ amino ngwaahịa, otú ọkachamara bodybuilders na-amanye iji pụrụ iche Mmeju. Na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ụlọ muscle enyemaka ego nke protein nwere ike ịbụ ruo otu narị grams nke protein kwa ụbọchị, ma nke a na-eri bụ adabara ụbọchị oriri. Nri ọ bụla emeju na-agụnye ntuziaka na ọdịnaya nke dị iche iche AMC na a dose na a ga-agụ tupu iji ngwaahịa.

Mmetụta nke peptides na nkịtị ndụ mmadụ quality

The mkpa protein bụ ugbu bụghị naanị na-eme egwuregwu. Ka ihe atụ, na-edozi elastin, keratin, collagen emetụta ọdịdị ntutu, anụ ma mbọ, nakwa dị ka mgbanwe na agagharị nke nkwonkwo. A ọnụ ọgụgụ nke amino asịd na-emetụta ndị metabolic Filiks ke idem, na-eme nke itule nke abụba na otu ezigbo larịị, na-enye ezu ike maka ndụ kwa ụbọchị. N'ezie, na usoro nke ndụ ọbụna ihe ndị kasị n'ezinụlọ ụzọ ndụ na-achọ ike, ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ ume. Ọzọkwa-agaghị ekwe omume na cognitive eme na a ụkọ ụfọdụ peptides; mmezi nke-emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ obi obodo a rụrụ gụnyere site AMC.

Amino asịd na Sports

Oriri nke ọkachamara na-eme egwuregwu na-atụ aro ihe n'ụzọ zuru okè ezi nri, nke na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe Akwara ụda. N'ezie ka ndụ dịkwuo mfe n'ihi na amino acid okụre, e kpọmkwem maka ndị na-eme egwuregwu bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na a set nke muscle uka.

Ka ugbua kwuru na mbụ, amino asịd - isi ụlọ nkanka nke na-edozi mkpa maka muscle ibu. Ọzọkwa, ha na-enwe ike na adị metabolism na ọkụ abụba, nke dịkwa mkpa ka a mara mma muscular enyemaka. Mgbe ike ọzụzụ dị mkpa ka iwelie oriri nke AMC n'ihi na eziokwu na ha dịkwuo ọnụego nke muscle ibu na-ebelata ihe mgbu mgbe ihe omumu.

20 amino asịd na-edozi nwere ike iwesa ka a akụkụ nke amino okụre, nakwa dị ka nri. Ọ bụrụ na ị họrọ a kwesịrị isi nri, mgbe ahụ, i kwesịrị ịtụle ihe nile grammovki na o siri ike na-aghọta na a ibu arọ nke ụbọchị.

Gịnị na-eme ka ahụ mmadụ mgbe a ụkọ ma ọ bụ ngafe nke amino asịd

Isi mgbaàmà nke enweghị amino asịd na-: mmetụta adịchaghị, ọnwụ nke agụụ, kenkuwa mbọ, ike ọgwụgwụ. N'agbanyeghị na AMC enweghị onye nwetara a ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke wetara mmetụta na budata imebi ahụ ike na arụpụtaghị ihe.

Imirikiti nke amino asịd pụrụ iduga na-enwe nsogbu ndị obi na ụjọ usoro, nke, n'aka, na-apụtakwa ize ndụ. Na ya n'aka mgbaàmà yiri nsị na nri nwere ike ime, nke nwekwara anaghị abuana ihe ọ bụla obi ụtọ.

All ga mara mgbe kwụsị, ka a na-agbaso ka a ike ndụ na-ekwesịghị-eduga onye oversupply ụfọdụ "bara uru" bekee ke idem. Dị ka o dere kpochapụwo, "mma - iro nke ọma."

N'isiokwu a anyị na-enyocha na-ekwu na aha ndị nile 20 amino asịd, isi table nke ọdịnaya na ngwaahịa AMK nyere n'elu.