Alpine ịkpakọba: akpụ e ji mara. Mountain Alpine ịkpakọba

Alpine ịkpakọba - na oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e guzobere ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. A oge kpụrụ ugwu kasị elu usoro na ụwa - na Himalayas. Gịnị ka e ji mara oge? Olee ihe ndị ọzọ ugwu Alpine ịkpakọba adị?

Mpịachi nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ

Na geology, okwu "n'ogige atụrụ" dị nnọọ akpali n'ebe ya mbụ uru. Ọ na-ezo aka jikọrọ ọnụ òkè na nke ụdị "crumpled". Na-emekarị ụdị pụtara na kwụ n'ígwé. N'okpuru nduzi nke Ụwa esịtidem Filiks ya ọnọdụ nwere ike gbanwere. Ọ na-ehuda ma ọ bụ abịakọrọ site overlapping n'akụkụ ebe. Nke a na onu a maara dị ka ịkpakọba.

apịaji owuwu bụ mkpumkpu. Oge ha dị na mmepe na-aha ya bụ na dị na geological epochs. Ihe odide kasị ochie bụ Archean. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ụdị ka 1.6 ijeri afọ gara aga. Kemgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ mpụga Filiks nke mbara ala tụgharịa ya n'ime a ndagwurugwu.

Mgbe Archaean e Baikal, Caledonia, Hercynian, Mesozoic orogeny. The kasị nso-nso bụ oge nke Alpine ịkpakọba. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e guzobere ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ ya enyene ikpeazụ 60 nde afọ. oge aha mbụ kwupụtara site French geologist Marcel Bertrand na 1886.

Alpine ịkpakọba: ndị e ji mara oge

Epoch nwere ike kewara abụọ oge. Ke akpa na Earth elu ọrụ na-egosi deflections. Nke nta nke nta, ha juputara na lava na sediments. Ịzụ cortex dị obere ma nnọọ obodo. Agba nke abụọ bụ ufiop. Dị iche iche geodynamic Filiks mee ka guzobere n'ugwu.

Alpine orogeny kpụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ndị kasị ibu oge a ugwu usoro, nke bụ akụkụ nke Mediterranean apịaji belt na Pacific mgbawa ugwu mgbanaka. N'ihi ya, ịkpakọba Nleta abụọ buru ibu ebe ugwu na-agbọpụta ọkụ. Ha bụ akụkụ nke-ntà ugwu nke ụwa na dị iche iche ihu igwe zones na karị.

The oge erubeghị n'elu, na n'ugwu na-anọgide na-emepụta taa. Nke a na-ìhè site seismic na mgbawa ugwu ahụ na n'ógbè dị iche iche nke Earth. Apịaji region abụghị siri ike. Ridges mgbe etre site recesses (eg, na Fergana ndagwurugwu), ụfọdụ nke na-kpụrụ oké osimiri (Black, Caspian, Mediterranean).

Mediterranean mpaghara

Downhill Alpine mpịachi usoro bụ ndị dịịrị Alpine-Himalaya belt agbatị na latitudinal direction. Ha fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam gafere Eurasia. Malite na North Africa, agafe Mediterranean, Black na Caspian n'oké osimiri nile, na-erukwa gafee Himalayas na agwaetiti nke Indonesia na Indochina.

Mountain Alpine ịkpakọba agụnye Apennines, Dinara, na Carpathians, ndị Alps, Balkan, na Atlas, ndị Caucasus, Burma, Himalaya, Pamir, na na. D. All nke ha na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site ha udi na ịdị elu. Ka ihe atụ, ndị Carpathian Mountains - ajụ elu, nwere a ezigbo udi. Ha na-kpuchie na oké ọhịa, n'elu ugwu na na sub-Alpine ahịhịa. Crimea ugwu, na iche, a nkpoda na nkume. Ha na-ekpuchi ihe karịrị ịzụ steppe na steppe ahịhịa.

The kasị elu ugwu - na Himalayas. Ha bụ n'ime a 7 mba, gụnyere Tibet. Mount agbatị 2 400 kilomita n'ogologo, na ha nkezi elu bụ 6 kilomita. The kasị elu mgbe bụ Ugwu Everest na a elu nke 8848 kilomita.

Pacific mgbanaka ọkụ

Alpine ịkpakọba na metụtara na guzobere Pacific ọkụ mgbanaka. Ọ na-agụnye ridges na Ikuku na-n'akụkụ ha. Emi odude ke mgbawa ugwu Pacific Ring perimeta.

Ọ na-ekpuchi Kamchatka, Kuril na Japanese Islands, na Philippines, Antarctica, New Zealand na Papua New Guinea na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri. Na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke oké osimiri, ọ na-agụnye Andes Cordillera, na Aleutian Islands na akipelago nke Tierra del Fuego.

The aha "mgbanaka ọkụ", ebe a ka akwụ ekele na eziokwu na e nwere a ọtụtụ nke mbara ụwa agbọpụta ọkụ. Odika 330 nke ha na-arụsi ọrụ. Ọzọkwa eruptions n'ime Pacific belt emee kasị ukwuu ọtụtụ ala ọma jijiji.

Part nke a mgbanaka bụ ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ ugwu usoro nke mbara ala - na Cordillera. Ha gafee ná mba 10 ndị dị n'Amerịka. Na ogologo nke ugwu bụ 18 puku kilomita.