Aluminum ika: ụdị, Njirimara na ngwa

Taa, aluminum a na-eji ihe fọrọ nke nta niile ọrụ, sitere na site na mmepụta nke nri efere na-agwụcha na e kere eke nke fuselages nke spaceships. N'ihi na ndị a ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ n'ichepụta n'ibu ndị kwesịrị ekwesị na ụfọdụ akara ule nke aluminum nke nwere kpọmkwem physicochemical Njirimara. Isi Njirimara nke metal - elu thermal conductivity, ductility, na plasticity, corrosion eguzogide, ìhè arọ na ala ohmic eguzogide. Ha bụ kpọmkwem hà pasent nke adịghị na ya mejupụtara, nakwa dị ka technology maka mmepụta ma ọ bụ inwetara. N'ihi ya, dịpụrụ adịpụ isi ika aluminum.

ụdị aluminum

All ụdị metal kọwara na gụnyere otu usoro nke ghọtara mba na mba ụkpụrụ: Europe EN, American ASTM International na ISO. Na mba anyị na aluminum ika kọwara GOST 11069 na 4784. Na niile akwụkwọ nke aluminum na ya alloys na-atụle iche iche. Mgbe a metal onwe ya na-ekewa akara ule na alloys na-bụghị kpọmkwem kọwaa ihe ịrịba ama.

Dị na mba na mba ụkpụrụ kwesịrị ịmata ihe dị iche abụọ iche iche nke microstructure unalloyed aluminum:

• elu-adị ọcha na pasent nke karịa 99,95%;
• technical ọkwa, nwere banyere 1% adịghị na nwekwara.

Dị ka adịghị ígwè na sịlịkọn ogige ewere ihe mgbe mgbe. Na mba ISO ọkọlọtọ n'ihi na aluminum na ya alloys ekenyela a iche iche otutu.

aluminum ika

Nka na ụzụ ụdị ihe a na-ekewa ụfọdụ akara ule, nke e kenyere na kwekọrọ ekwekọ ụkpụrụ, e.g. AD0 dị ka GOST 4784-97. Na nhazi ọkwa-agụnye metal nke elu frequencies wee ghara ike mgbagwoju anya. Nke a nkọwapụta na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

1. Primary (A5, A95, A7E).
2. Nka na ụzụ (AD1, AD000, Dt).
3. The deformable (AMg2, D1).
4. Foundry (VAL10M, AK12pch).
5. N'ihi deoxidizing ígwè (AV86, AV97F).

Ọzọkwa, dịpụrụ adịpụ na ligatures ige - aluminum ogige na-iji na-emepụta alloys nke gold, silver, platinum na ndị ọzọ na oké ọnụ ahịa ọla.

isi aluminum

Primary aluminum (A5 akara) - a ihe atụ nke otu a. Ọ na-emepụta site ọgaranya alumina. Na ọdịdị, na metal na ya dị ọcha ụdị anaghị eme n'ihi na nke elu reactivity. Ejikọta ndị ọzọ ọcha, ọ Nleta bauxites, nepheline na alunite. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị a ores bụ alumina, ma si n'ebe ahụ na-enyemaka nke mgbagwoju chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ Filiks - ọcha aluminum.

GOST 11069 akọwaputa chọrọ maka akara ule nke isi aluminum, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru site n'itinye vetikal na kehoraizin ibe nke dị iche iche na agba na-adịghị apụ apụ. Nke a ihe onwunwe hụrụ nile iji na elu ulo oru ndi, tumadi ebe akụrụngwa na-achọ elu oru e ji mara.

technical aluminum

Nka na ụzụ na-akpọ aluminum ihe onwunwe na a pasent nke mba ọzọ okwu nke na-erughị 1%. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-akpọ undoped. Nka na ụzụ ọkwa alumina GOST 4784-97 nwere nnọọ ala ike ma elu corrosion eguzogide. N'ihi na enweghị na mejupụtara nke alloying metal ahụ n'elu n'ike n'ike kpụrụ echebe oxide film nke bụ anụ. Stampụ dị iche iche technical aluminum na ezi thermal na ọkụ conductivity. Na ha molekụla lattice fọrọ dịghị adịghị nke achụsasịkwa electrons eruba. N'ihi ndị a Njirimara, ihe ọtụtụ-eji instrumentation, na mmepụta nke kpo oku na okpomọkụ mgbanwe ngwá, ọkụ isiokwu.

aluworo aluminum

Na-ezo aka a aluworo aluminum ihe, nke na-doro ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-atụ na-arụ ọrụ: inyefe, na ịpị, na-eru na ndị ọzọ na ụdị. N'ihi ya, plastic deformation ya nwetara semifinished dị iche iche longitudinal ngalaba: aluminum mkpanaka, mpempe akwụkwọ, warara, efere, na ndị ọzọ na profaịlụ. Isi ika deformable ihe onwunwe na-eji na ụlọ mmepụta, na-depụtara na ụkpụrụ: GOST 4784, OCT1 92014-90, OCT1 90048 na OCT1 90026. A mara mma nke nkwarụ feedstock bụ a siri ike ngwọta Ọdịdị na a elu ọdịnaya nke eutectic - mmiri mmiri na-adọ nke di na ịha na abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa ihe siri ike ala.

Akporo deformable aluminum dị ka onye na ebe etinyere aluminum mkpanaka, bụ nnọọ ọtụtụ. Ọ na-eji na ebe-achọ elu oru e ji mara ihe - na boat- na ikuku, na ewu na saịtị dị ka alloy ịgbado ọkụ.

aluminum foundry

Foundry ọkwa aluminum eji maka mmepụta nke ekara isiokwu. Ha isi mma bụ a Nchikota a elu kpọmkwem ike na ala njupụta, nke na-enye ohere ka igba ihe nke mgbagwoju shapes enweghị cracking.

Dị ka ha na nzube, nēfe akara na-ekewa iche iche:

1. Kaakwa ya akara ihe (AL2, AL9, AL4M).
2. Materials na elu ike na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide (AL 19, AL5, AL33).
3. Bekee na elu corrosion eguzogide.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa mere nke aluminum mgbatị welie iche iche nke okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ.

Deoxidation aluminum

Ogo nke emebere ngwaahịa na mmetụta nke nwere anụ ahụ Njirimara nke aluminum. Na ojiji nke ala-ọkwa iche ihe na ọ bụghị nanị ihe e kere eke nke etiti ngwaahịa. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-eji maka deoxidation ígwè - wepụ oxygen si wụrụ awụ ígwè nke na-etisasịwo na ya ma si otú enhances n'ibu Njirimara nke metal. Iji mepụta nke a, ndị akacha eji ọkwa AV86 na AV97F.