Amino asịd: na ndepụta ahụ, na-usoro nkọwa. The ọrụ nke amino asịd ke idem. Nke oriri nwere amino asịd?

Onye ọ bụla maara ọzọ si onwu ihe na amino asịd bụ "ụlọ nkanka" na-ewu na-edozi. E nwere amino asịd na ahụ anyị dị ike synthesize, ma e nwere ndị na-abịa nanị site n'èzí, ya na nri. Tụlee amino asịd (ndepụta), na ọrụ ha na ahụ, nke ngwaahịa ha na-abịa anyị.

The ọrụ nke amino asịd

Mkpụrụ ndụ anyị na mgbe niile nwere mkpa maka amino asịd. nri na-edozi na-agbajikwa ala ke gootu n'ime amino asịd. Mgbe ahụ, amino asịd na-etinye obi gị dum n'ime ọbara iyi, ebe ndi na-edozi na-synthesized ọhụrụ, dabere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa usoro ihe omume na ihe ndị a chọrọ nke ahu. Mkpa amino asịd, ndepụta nke nke e nyere n'okpuru ebe a, anyị na-enweta site na nri. Kennyeghari ahụ synthesizes ya. E wezụga nke ahụ amino asịd - bụ bughi mmiri nke na-edozi, ha na-synthesize dị iche iche bekee. amino acid ọrụ ahụ bụ nnukwu. Proteinogenic na nonproteinogenic amino asịd - a precursor nke nitrogenous bases, vitamin, homonụ, peptides, alkaloids, romediatorov na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa ogige. Dị ka ihe atụ, vitamin eyi na-synthesized site tryptophan; homonụ nọrepinefrini, thyroxine, adrenaline - si tyrosine. Pantothenic acid a kpụrụ si amino acid valine. Proline bụ agbachitere mkpụrụ ndụ a dịgasị iche iche nke nsogbu, e.g. ọxịdashọn.

General e ji mara nke amino asịd

Nitrogen-nwere elu molekụla ibu ndi na-edozi, kwuru na dị ka organic ogige na-eme si amino acid residues na-esonyere peptide agbụ. Dị iche iche na-Polymers, monomers nke bụ amino asịd. Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein gụnyere ọtụtụ narị puku ndị amino acid residues sonyeere peptide agbụ. List of amino asịd na-hụrụ na ọdịdị, bụ nnukwu ezuru, ha hụrụ narị atọ. Site ya ntinye ikike nke protein amino asịd na-ekewa n'ime proteinogenic ( "protein mụọ" okwu "protein" - a protein "Jenesis" - enye nwa) na nonproteinogenic. Na vivo, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke proteinogenic amino asịd dịtụ obere, e nwere naanị iri abụọ. Tụkwasị na nke a ọkọlọtọ iri abụọ, nwere ike dị na-edozi gbanwetụrụ amino asịd, ha na-ewepụtara ndị nkịtị amino asịd. N'ihi na ndị na-abụghị proteinogenic bụ ndị na-abụghị akụkụ nke protein. E α, β na γ. All protein amino asịd - na α-amino asịd, ha nwere a ji mara bughi mma na pụrụ hụrụ na ihe oyiyi ọkọnọ n'okpuru: ọnụnọ nke amine na carboxyl iche iche, ha na-bonded na α-ọkwá carbon atọm. Ke adianade do, onye ọ bụla nwere ya amino buu, na niile mkpumkpu na Ọdịdị, na solubility nke electric ụgwọ.

ụdị amino asịd

amino asịd ndepụta ekewa atọ isi ụdị, ndị a na-agụnye:

• Mkpa amino asịd. Ọ bụ ndị a amino asịd ahụ na-apụghị synthesize onwe ya na zuru ezu quantities.

• mkpa amino asịd. Nke a na ụdị ahụ nwere ike synthesize ha onwe ha, na-eji isi mmalite ndị ọzọ.

• dabere mkpa amino asịd. Isi synthesizes ha onwe ha, ma na-ezughi oke quantities ha mkpa ha.

Mkpa amino asịd. Ọdịnaya na ihe oriri

Mkpa amino asịd nwere ikike na-ahụ nanị site nri ma ọ bụ site na Mmeju. Ha ọrụ dị oké mkpa e guzobere nkwonkwo, mara mma ntutu isi, ike uru. Gịnị oriri nwere amino asịd nke ụdị? The ndepụta e nyere n'okpuru ebe a:

• Phenylalanine - mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, anụ, wheat izizi, oat;

• threonine - mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, àkwá, anụ;

• Lysine - legumes, azụ, ọkụkọ, wheat izizi, mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, obere ego;

• Valine - mkpụrụ, mushrooms, mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, anụ;

• Methionine - obere ego, akwụkwọ nri, dabere anụ, obi cheese;

• tryptophan - mkpụrụ, mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, anụ, toki, sunflower osisi, àkwá;

• Leucine - mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, anụ, oat, wheat izizi;

• isoleucine - okuko, cheese, azụ, wheat izizi, sunflower osisi, akụ;

• histidine - pulitere wheat, mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa na anụ.

Ọrụ nke dị oké mkpa amino asịd

All nke ndị a "brik" na-ahụ maka ihe ndị kasị mkpa ọrụ nke ahụ mmadụ. Onye ahụ na-eche banyere ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ, ma ha enweghị ihe niile usoro ozugbo amalite njọ.

Leucine chemical nwere ndị na-esonụ usoro - HO₂CCH (NH₂) CH₂CH (CH₃ ) ₂. Na ụmụ mmadụ, nke a amino acid na-adịghị synthesized. Ọ gụnyere ke eke na-edozi. -Eji na ọgwụgwọ nke anaemia, imeju ọrịa. Leucine (usoro - HO₂CCH (NH₂) CH₂CH (CH₃) ₂) na organism a ụbọchị a chọrọ na ego nke si 4 6 grams. Nke a amino acid bụ a akụrụngwa nke ọtụtụ dietary Mmeju. Dị ka a dietary emeju ya coded E641 (flavor enhancer). Leucine Monitors larịị nke ọbara glucose na leukocytes, mgbe ọ na-ejikọ ime ọgụ iji kpochapụ mbufụt. Nke a amino acid na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa e guzobere muscle, merging ọkpụkpụ, emerụ na-agwọ ọrịa, nakwa dị ka na metabolism.

The amino acid histidine - ihe dị mkpa na ibu oge, mgbe na-agbake site unan na ọrịa. Mma na ọbara, na nkwonkwo na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ na-enyere aka banye ọla kọpa na zinc. Na a ụkọ histidine ebelatawo ntị, ire ọkụ ka muscle anụ ahụ.

The amino acid isoleucine atụ vvyrabotke haemoglobin. Ọ enwekwu ume, ike, na-achị larịị nke shuga dị n'ọbara. Itinye Aka na guzobe muscle anụ ahụ. Isoleucine ebelata mmetụta nke na-akpata nchegbu. Na ya enweghị ibili mmetụta nke nchegbu, egwu, nchegbu, mụbara ike ọgwụgwụ.

The amino acid valine - enweghị atụ isi iyi nke ike, ọhụrụ mọzụlụ, na-eme ka ha nọrọ n'ọnọdụ dị mma. Valine dị mkpa iji weghachi imeju sel (e.g., ịba ọcha n'anya). Na a ụkọ a amino acid nsogbu nchikota nke mmegharị, na nwekwara ike dịkwuo ikpa si uche.

Methionine - ihe dị oké mkpa amino acid ka imeju, na digestive usoro. O nwere sọlfọ, nke na-enyere aka igbochi ọrịa nke mbọ na anụ ahụ, na-enyere aka na ntutu uto. Methionine na-adọga na toxemia na ụmụ nwaanyị dị ime. Na ya mpe na ahu mbelata haemoglobin, imeju mkpụrụ ndụ akpọkọtara abụba.

Lysine - Nke a amino acid bụ otu nnyemaaka na absorption nke calcium, ọ na-enyere na guzobere na ike nke ọkpukpu. Mma ntutu isi Ọdịdị, ọ na-arụpụta collagen. Lysine - ihe anabolic, nke na-enye ohere ntọt muscle uka. Itinye Aka na mgbochi nke malitere ịrịa ọrịa.

Threonine - boosts ọgụ, mma ịrụ ọrụ nke eriri afọ tract. Atụ ke e kere eke nke collagen na elastin. Anaghị edebe abụba ke imeju. Ọ na-ekere òkè na guzobere nke eze na Enamel.

Tryptophan bụ isi-azara ọnụ maka mmetụta uche anyị. The maara serotonin, obi ụtọ hormone na-emepụta bụ tryptophan. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-ejikarị adahade ọnọdụ, nkịtị ụra, na-agbake biorhythms. A mmetụta bara uru na obi na akwara.

Phenylalanine abuana ke Filiks nke mmepụta nke noradrenaline, nke bụ maka ịmụrụ anya n'ụzọ organism ọrụ na ume. Na-emetụta larịị nke endorphins - homonụ nke ọṅụ. Erughi nke phenylalanine nwere ike ime ka a mmepe nke ịda mbà n'obi.

Adịchaghị mkpa amino asịd. ngwaahịa

Ndị a na ụdị amino asịd na-emepụta na ahụ n'oge metabolism. Ha na-amịpụtara si ọzọ organic bekee. The organism nwere ike Switched na-akpaghị aka ike ndị dị mkpa amino asịd. Nke oriri nwere amino asịd-adịchaghị mkpa? The ndepụta e nyere n'okpuru ebe a:

• arginine - oat, mkpụrụ, ọka, anụ, gelatin, mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, sesame, chocolate;

• Alanine - azụ, akwa ọcha, anụ, soy, legumes, mkpụrụ, ọka, osikapa agba aja aja;

• asparagine - azụ, àkwá, na Erimeri, anụ, asparagus, tomato, mkpụrụ;

• glycine - imeju, beef, gelatin, mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, azụ, àkwá;

• Proline - mkpụrụ juices, mmiri ara ehi, ọka wheat, anụ, akwa,

• Taurine - mmiri ara ehi, azu ndi na-edozi; emepụta aru nke vitamin B6;

• Glutamine - azu, anu, legumes, mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa;

• serine - soy, wheat gluten, anụ, mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, obere ego;

• Carnitine - anụ na anụ na ngwaahịa, mmiri ara ehi, azụ, red anụ.

Ọrụ nke dị oké mkpa amino asịd

Glutamic acid, na chemical usoro nke - C₅H₉N₁O₄, na ndu eme ntule a gụnyere ke mejupụtara nke na-edozi ahụ, e nwere ụfọdụ ala-molekụla bekee, dị ka nke ọma dị ka a nchịkọta ụdị. A isi ọrụ bụ isonye na nitrogen metabolism. Ọ bụ maka na ọrụ nke ụbụrụ. Glutamic acid (C₅H₉N₁O₄ usoro) na-aga n'ime glucose ma na-enyere na-emepụta ike n'oge arọ iji. Glutamine ekere òkè dị mkpa na ime dịghịzi usoro, na-eweghachi muscle ibu homonụ na-emepụta, accelerates metabolism.

Alanine - isi iyi nke ike maka ụjọ usoro, muscle na ụbụrụ. Ịmịpụta-alụso ọrịa ọgụ alanine ewusi dịghịzi usoro, dị ka ọ na-abuana ke metabolism nke organic asịd na sugars na imeju na-converted n'ime glucose. N'ihi alanine ịnọgide na-enwe acid-alkaline itule.

Asparagine na-ezo aka dị oké mkpa amino asịd, ya ọrụ - na elu ibu iji belata guzobere amonia. Ọ na-enyere na-alụ ọgụ ike ọgwụgwụ, na-atọghata carbohydrates n'ime ume uru. Ọ-akpali dịghịzi usoro site na mmepụta nke-alụso ọrịa ọgụ na immunoglobulins. Aspartic acid adịzi usoro-ewe ebe Central ụjọ usoro, ọ na-egbochi oké deceleration na ịṅụbiga mmalite.

Glycine - amino acid, na-enye oxygen cell guzobere Filiks. Glycine dị mkpa ka normalisation ọbara sugar etoju, ọbara mgbali. Atụ ke mmebi nke abụba na hormone mmepụta, maka dịghịzi usoro.

Carnitine - mkpa iga gị n'ụlọnga na transports ọdụdụ asịd n'ime mitochondrial matriks. Carnitine bụ ike dịkwuo irè antioxidants oxidize abụba, ọ na-enyere iji kpochapụ ha si ahụ.

Ornithine bụ a emeputa nke ibu homonụ. Nke a amino acid dị oké mkpa maka dịghịzi usoro na imeju na-etinye aka na mmepe nke insulin, na cleavage nke a ọdụdụ acid, a mmamịrị guzobere Filiks.

Proline - na-agụnye mmepụta nke nsụkọta, nke dị mkpa n'ihi na connective anụ ahụ na ọkpụkpụ. Ọ na-akwado ma na-ewusi obi muscle.

Serin - cellular ike na-emeputa. Ọ na-enyere aka ahịa uru na imeju na glycogen. Atụ ke ike dịghịzi usoro, mgbe n'ịhụ na ya-alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Ọ-akpali ụjọ usoro na ebe nchekwa.

Taurine nwere a mmetụta dị mma na obi usoro. Ọ enye gị ohere ịchịkwa akwụkwụ ọdịdọ. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa ịchịkwa ahụ merela agadi usoro. Ebelata ike ọgwụgwụ, inyeaka ahụ megide free radicals, lowers cholesterol na ọbara mgbali.

Uslovnonezamenimye amino asịd

Cysteine eme ka mkpochapu nsi, atụ ke guzosie ike muscle anụ ahụ na akpụkpọ. Cysteine bụ eke antioxidant na-asachapụ ndị ozu chemical nsị. -Akpali mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha. Hụrụ na ihe oriri ndị dị ka anụ, azụ, oat, wheat, soy.

The amino acid tyrosine enyere agha nchegbu na ike ọgwụgwụ, na-ebelata nchegbu, mma ọnọdụ na n'ozuzu ụda. Tyrosine nwere antioxidant edinam nke na-enye ohere ka ha kee free radicals. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa metabolism. Hụrụ na anụ na mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa, azụ.

Histidine enyere ịdị na-agbanwe anụ ahụ, na-akwalite ha ibu. Dị na haemoglobin. Ọ na-enyere na ọgwụgwọ nke allergies, ogbu na nkwonkwo, anaemia na onya. Na erughi nke amino acid pụrụ ime ndị na-anụ.

Amino asịd na protein

All na-edozi na-kere iji amino asịd nke peptide agbụ. Ndi na-edozi onwe ha, ma ọ bụ na-edozi - a elu molekụla ibu ogige, nke na-emi esịnede nitrogen. Echiche nke "protein" akpa ẹkenam azụ na 1838 site Berzelius. The okwu na-abịa site okwu Grik bụ "isi", ọ bụ ndị na-eduga ná ọdịdị nke na-edozi. Edozi-enye ndụ ka ihe nile dị ndụ na Earth, si bacteria mgbagwoju mmadụ. Na ọdịdị, ha bụ ọtụtụ karịa ndị ọzọ nile macromolecules. Protein - ntọala nke ndụ. Nke ahu aro ndi na-edozi na akaụntụ maka 20%, na ọ bụrụ na anyị na-akọrọ cell uka, 50%. The ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke na-edozi n'ihi na ịdị adị nke dị iche iche amino asịd. Ha, n'aka, na-emekọ na-ike na polima ụmụ irighiri. The kasị pụta ìhè na atụmatụ nke na-edozi bụ ha nwere ike ike ha atọ akụkụ Ọdịdị. The chemical mejupụtara nke protein nwere nitrogen mgbe niile - banyere 16%. Development na uto nke organism na-kpam kpam dabere na protein amino acid ọrụ. Ndi na-edozi ike-anọchi ọzọ ọcha. Ọrụ ha na ahụ dị oké mkpa.

The ọrụ nke na-edozi

The mkpa n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke na-edozi na-egosipụta n'ụzọ ndị na-esonụ pụrụ iche na ọrụ nke ndị a ogige:

• Protein ekere òkè bụ isi na mmepe na ibu, dị ka a ewu ihe owuwu maka ọhụrụ mkpụrụ ndụ.

• Protein njikwa metabolism Filiks n'oge ntọhapụ nke ike. Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na ihe oriri gụnyere carbohydrates, ndị metabolic ọnụego na-ụba na 4%, nke na-edozi na ọ bụrụ na - mgbe 30%.

• N'ihi na hydrophilicity nke na-edozi mezie mmiri itule ke idem.

• mma dịghịzi usoro site njikọ nke-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, na ha, na n'aka, kwụsị iyi egwu nke ọrịa na ọrịa.

The protein ke idem - bụ ihe kasị mkpa isi iyi nke ike na ewu ihe owuwu. Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa na-eso menu na kwa ụbọchị na-na ngwaahịa na protein, ha ga-enye ndị dị mkpa vitality, ike na nchebe. All nke n'elu ngwaahịa nwere ya mejupụtara protein.