Amonia mmiri: inweta, usoro itinye

Colorless gas na a nkọ ísì ụtọ, amonia NH ₃ bụghị naanị ngwa ngwa soluble na mmiri na evolushọn nke okpomọkụ. Active umi mkpatụ na ụmụ irighiri nke H ₂ O na-etolite a na-adịghị ike alkali. The ngwọta natara ọtụtụ aha, otu onye n'ime ha - amonia mmiri. The compound nwere ijuanya Njirimara, nke na-na usoro nke na guzobere, mejupụtara na chemical Jeremaya mere.

ammonium ion guzobere

Formula amonia mmiri - NH ₄ OH. The mejupụtara okwu ahụ bụ ugbu cation NH _{4 ^+,} nke na-kpụrụ nonmetals - nitrogen na hydrogen. N atọm na amonia molekul na-eji na-etolite covalent linkages nke pola naanị 3 of 5 nke elu electrons, na otu ụzọ na-anọgide n'enweghị ndị bịara buru. The ike ekewasị mmiri molekul hydrogen protons H ⁺ loosely agbụ na oxygen, otu n'ime ha na-aghọ a na-enye onyinye nanị elektrọn ụzọ nitrogen (acceptor).

Kpụrụ ihe ammonium ion na a mma ụgwọ na a pụrụ iche ụdị adịghị ike covalent nkekọ - onyinye-acceptor. N'ihi ya size, iwu, na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na atụmatụ ya yiri potassium cation na-akpa àgwà dị ka ihe alkali metal. Pụrụ iche na okwu nke chemical compound mkpatụ na asịd akpụ salts ndị dị oké bara uru. Aha, nke na-egosi na e ji mara na Njirimara nke okwu:

• amonia mmiri;
• ammonium hydroxide;
• amonia hydrate;
• caustic amonia.

precautionary jikoro

Care ga-a mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na amonia na-eji ya emepụta. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche:

1. Amonia mmiri nwere onye wetara isi. The n'ịgbanahụ gas wutere gọzie gị mucosal elu nke anya, na-eme ụkwara.
2. Mgbe ịchekwa amonia na a loosely mechiri emechi vials, ampoules tọhapụrụ amonia.
3. Ọ nwere ike achọpụtara na-enweghị ngwá, naanị site isi ọbụna a obere ego nke gas na ngwọta na ikuku.
4. The ruru n'etiti ụmụ irighiri na cations dịgasị iche iche onye Onyenwe anyị + na ngwọta.
5. Na a uru nke banyere 7 mbelata ịta nke na-egbu egbu gas NH ₃ na-ụba ego obere emerụ ndụ ntule cations NH ₄ ⁺

Nkwadebe nke ammonium hydroxide. nkịtị Njirimara

Mgbe etisasịwo mmiri, na amonia kpụrụ amonia mmiri. Formula nke umi - NH ₄ OH, ma n'ezie ma ion bụ ugbu

NH ₄ ^+, OH ^-, na ụmụ irighiri ihe nke NH ₃ H ₂ O. The ion mgbanwe chemical mmeghachi omume n'etiti amonia na mmiri, ihe ịha ala. The usoro nwere ike gosipụtara site circuit, nke oppositely eduzi àkú-egosi na reversibility nke phenomena.

Na laabu nkwadebe nke amonia mmiri a rụrụ nwere na nitrogen-nwere ogige. Mgbe weere amonia mmiri na-enye a doro anya colorless mmiri mmiri. Na elu nrụgide ndị solubility nke gas na-abawanye. Water ogologo eziga etisasịwo nime ya amonia na elu okpomọkụ. Maka ulo oru nzube na agriculture na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ na-enye 25 percent umi mgbe etisasịwo amonia. The abụọ usoro eji mmeghachi omume nke Coke oven gas na mmiri.

The chemical Njirimara nke ammonium hydroxide

Mgbe ịkpọtụrụ abụọ mmiri - amonia mmiri na hydrochloric acid - na-ekpuchi na-acha ọcha na-ese klọb. Ọ mejupụtara ahụ nke mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa - ammonium chloride. Dị otú ahụ na a obodo umi dị ka hydrochloric acid, mmeghachi omume na-ewe ebe na-na ikuku.

Low-alkali ammonium hydroxide chemical Njirimara:

1. The umi reversibly dissociates na mmiri na-etolite ihe ammonium cation na a hydroxide ion.
2. Na ọnụnọ nke NH ₄ ⁺ ion, na colorless ngwọta phenolphthalein e sijiri na magenta agba dị ka alkalis.
3. Chemical neutralization na acid arụpụta guzobe ammonium salts na mmiri: NH ₄ OH + HCl = NH ₄ cl + H ₂ O.
4. Amonia mmiri abatakwa ion mgbanwe mmeghachi omume na metal salts, nke-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi na-adịghị ike isi, si otú na-akpụ a mmiri-unyi anaghị agbasa na hydroxide: 2NH ₄ OH + CuCl ₂ = 2NH ₄ cl + Cu (OH) ₂ (acha anụnụ anụnụ _ịkpali).

Amonia mmiri: ngwa dị iche iche ndi nke aku na uba

Pụrụ iche umi na ọtụtụ-eji ndụ kwa ụbọchị, ọrụ ubi, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ. Nka na ụzụ hydrate amonia eji na ugbo, soda ash, e ji esiji ákwà na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa. Na mmiri mmiri fatịlaịza nwere nitrogen na osisi mfe digestible ụdị. The umi-atụle ga-dị ọnụ ala na kasị dị irè n'ihi na Nsonye na tupu oge niile kụrụ akụ.

N'ihi na mmepụta nke amonia mmiri iwesa ugboro atọ obere ego karịa na nke nke siri ike granular nitrogen fatịlaịza. Maka nchekwa na njem nke mmiri mmiri etinyere hermetically mechiri emechi tankị bụ ígwè. Ụfọdụ ụdị nke akọwa na ngwá ọrụ maka ntutu bleach emepụta iji ammonium hydroxide. Na nke ọ bụla ọgwụ na ahụ ike na alụmdi preparations bụ na amonia - 10-percent amonia ngwọta.

Ammonium salts: Njirimara na bara uru

Bekee nke na-akwado ya site na omume ammonium hydroxide na asịd, na-eji azụmahịa eme. Salts amalite irekasị mgbe ewe iwe, igbari n'ime mmiri, doro hydrolysis. Ha na-abanye chemical mmeghachi omume na alkalis na ndị ọzọ na bekee. Ihe kacha mkpa bara uru enwetara chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, na ammonium carbonate.

Ọ dị mkpa iji na-eso iwu na nchebe, na-arụ ọrụ na bekee, nke na-emi esịnede ammonium ion. Mgbe echekwara n'ụlọ nkwakọba na azụmahịa ugbo ụlọ ọrụ, ugbo ga-kọntaktị nke ndị a ogige na alkalis na wayo. Ọ bụrụ na leakproof nchịkọta na-amalite a chemical mmeghachi omume na ntọhapụ nke na-egbu egbu gas. Onye ọ bụla nwere na-arụ ọrụ na amonia mmiri na salts ya, ga-mara ihe ndị bụ isi nke onwu. Na nnabata na nchekwa chọrọ nke ihe eji agaghị emerụ ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi.