Anaphylactic Jeremaya mere. anaphylactic ujo

Okwu ahụ bụ "anabata", "angioedema", "anaphylactic ujo" pụtara dịtụ nso nso a na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, na n'oge nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. The ụwa okwu ha French ọkà mmụta sayensị, Nobel Laureate na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, a physiologist Sharl Rishe. Mgbe ahụ ya echiche na anụ ụlọ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-ejide Aleksandr Mihaylovich Bezredko, ọ ka mma ụzọ nke na-adọ ọgwụ ọrịa na a akụkọ ihe mere eme nke allergies. Mgbe e mesịrị akụkọ mberede e mepụtara maka ndị dị otú ahụ ọrịa, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-egbu na-ebelata. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nke oge a na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, na enwe, na ọnụego nke anaphylaxis bụ ka elu.

definition

Na sara mbara okwu,-asọ - bụ dịkwuo uche nke usoro ahụ ji alụso a akpan akpan nje na ya eme ihe ike mmeghachi omume ugboro ugboro nkukota na ya. Nfụkasị Jeremaya bụ nke ọtụtụ ụdị:

• ozugbo, ma ọ bụ anaphylactic;
• cytotoxic (-alụso ọrịa ọgụ obe eme na anụ ahụ nke na organism);
• immunokopleksnogo (vaskụla lesion ọrụ dịghịzi okụre);
• na-egbu oge ma ọ bụ kletochnozavisimogo.

Anaphylactic Jeremaya mere - bụ ngosipụta nke nfụkasị Jeremaya nke mbụ ụdị, ya bụ ozugbo.

Ke adianade do, na-adakarị omume secrete ọzọ anaphylactoid Jeremaya mere ndị yiri adakarị ngosipụta nke anaphylaxis, ma usoro nke guzobere ha e mere site ebighị nke mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ na mba ọzọ bekee, zuo ezu na-edozi kama okụre "antigen - antibody".

ihe

Ná mmalite anaphylactic anabata mere mgbe a mmadụ dara nsí umi. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọtịta ahụhụ na-egbu egbu akpụ akpụ. Ma n'ụwa taa, ahụ nwere ike ghara ịza ọbụna maara, banal ihe:

1. Food - mmanụ aṅụ, mmiri ara ehi, akụ, àkwá, Erimeri, chocolate, citrus mkpụrụ osisi.
2. Ọgwụgwọ - homonụ, iche mmadụ, vaccines, sera, ọgwụ na-akụnwụ.
3. Osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ - pollen, ero, anụmanụ dander, ájá mites.
4. The okpomọkụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi - oyi na-atụ / okpomọkụ.
5. Mụbara likelihood nke ahu anataghi na ndị mmadụ na ụkwara ume ọkụ, vasomotor rhinitis, eczema.

Nke a bụ naanị a nkenke, nnọọ general ndepụta nke ihe ndị ahụ nwere ike ime ka allergies na nkezi onye. Ke adianade do, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị dị otú ahụ Jeremaya mere na-hụrụ ikwu nke mbụ akara nke kinship, mgbe ahụ, dịcha, nwa ahụ ga-enwe otu ihe ahụ.

mmeghachi omume ụkpụrụ nke development

Nfụkasị Jeremaya anaphylactic ụdị omume metụtara na-enweghị nchịkwa na dịghịzi usoro iji nweta n'ime organism nke mba ọzọ mmadụ. Nọmalị, na mbu zutere ihe antigen-emepụta immunoglobulins M, na mgbe re - G. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ụfọdụ, na usoro na-awagharị. Anaphylactic ụdị mmeghachi omume na-adị mgbe ndị na-amụba bi na nke kpọmkwem immunoglobulin E. Ha bilie kemgbe na kọntaktị na a umi nke mbụ, ma ọ bụghị na mbụ egosipụta onwe ha. Kama, ha na-ofu n'elu poolu sel (basophils) na-eche na nku. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na-re-na-kpọtụụrụ na antigen, na IgE rụọ ọrụ basophils ma hapụ mkpali ogbugbo, dị ka histamine, cytokines, interleukins, prostaglandins na leukotrienes. Na a ukwuu nke usoro ha si emetụta ahụ anụ ahụ, na-eme ka edema, vasodilation, ezigbo muscle na mgbidi oghere akụkụ, akụkụ okuku ume na odida, mụbara secretion nke glands. Na saịtị nke ntinye nke allergen kpụrụ mbufụt ebe. Nke a na-adọ nke ozugbo hypersensitivity.

Ma mmepe nke anaphylaxis na nwere a abụọ oge, ma ọ bụ na-adọ, na-akpọ na-egbu oge hypersensitivity. N'ihi guzobere nke mkpali na-elekwasị anya ka itinye mkpụrụ ndụ site chemotaxis - lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages. Ha na-ebu cytoplasmic bekee mkpa maka agha megide mba ọzọ elekọta mmadụ, ma kama ebibi ahụ nke anụ ahụ, na connective anụ ahụ na-kpụrụ kama. Dị ka a na-achị, a na-egbu oge mmeghachi omume na-adị n'ime isii awa mgbe nnukwu na dịruru ruo ụbọchị abụọ.

Systematization nke anaphylactic Jeremaya mere

Types of anaphylactic Jeremaya mere na-ekewa dị ka ogo ha na-adakarị n'obiọma. E ji mara ihe ịrịba ama ga-enyere gị ngwa ngwa amata ọnọdụ onye ọrịa na-enye ndị kwesịrị ekwesị enyemaka.

1. Light anaphylactic mmeghachi omume na-adịghị na-eyi egwu na ndụ mmadụ. Subjectively, ọrịa na-akọwa ya dị ka a mmetụta nke paresthesia - tingling ma ọ bụ ịhụnanya na aka na ụkwụ, tinyere a nta ọzịza nke mucous membranes nke imi, ọnụ ma ọ bụ eyelids. Ikekwe Nje mmiri anya, itching. Mgbaàmà-egosi na akwụsị n'ime ụbọchị.
2. The nkezi ogo ogo gosipụtara dị ka bronchospasm reactive mucosal edema nke ogwooro na bronchi. Na ụmụ mmadụ, e nwere dyspnea, ụkwara, na ikuku na-aga n'ime akpa ume na a ji mara na-afụrụ mkpọrọhịhị ụda. Na ọnọdụ ndị a bụ omume angioedema, urticaria. O nwere ike ịbụ obscheintoksikatsionnye ngosipụta, dị ka ọgbụgbọ, vomiting, isi ọwụwa, fever. Mgbe ụfọdụ e nwere erythema, oké itching, ụjọ na-atụ ha obi ụtọ.
3. Serious nnukwu anaphylactic Jeremaya amalite ma na-na mbụ, dị ka a na-achị, yiri ụdị nke ìhè. Mgbe ahụ, mgbe a nkeji ole na ole, ndị a abụọ ogbo na bronchospasm, edema nke elu akụkụ okuku ume na tract na bronchial akụkụ okuku ume na ọdịda. Mgbe ahụ, e cyanosis, nwere ike ịkwụsị na-eku ume. Nzọụkwụ na-esonụ bụ generalization nke ihe mgbaàmà. Mucous tọrọ bụghị nanị na akụkụ okuku ume na tract, ma na-na digestive tract. Nke a na-eduga ná emeghasịkwa nke peristalsis, vomiting, afọ ọsịsa na abdominal mgbu. Site ụjọ usoro nwere ike ime ka ihe ọdịdọ ahụ, mkpọchị innervation nke pelvic akụkụ. Elu vaskụla usoro ndọtị na wepuÚ mmiri mmiri òkè nke ọbara n'ime gburugburu anụ ahụ ruru ka edema akpalite a mgbali wedaa daa. Ogo nke ọnọdụ na-adabere na-agba nke na mmepe nke usoro, ha nọ kpọmkwem hà ka ndị ngwa ngwa, ndị njọ prognosis. Ruo ọnwụ.

obodo mgbaàmà

Ihu ọma n'ebe nwayọọ na moderately-oké anabata, na-eme erughị ala na-enwe ndidi, ma na-adịghị iduga ọnwụ:

• catarrhal ngosipụta dị ka rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rhinorrhea;
• bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, ụkwara ume ọkụ, edema nke elu akụkụ okuku ume na tract ruo zuru mgbochi;
• ikpe ọnwụ n'ihi na ozizi nke mucosa n'ime Eustachian tube;
• multiforme ọkụ ọkụ na akpụkpọ dị ka urticaria, eczema, anabata kọntaktị dermatitis (dị na ebe nke siri akpụkpọ - afo, ukwu, chelidon); emekarị symmetrical.

Common mgbaàmà

Ndị ha na a mgbagwoju nke allergen ikpughe na ozu:

• isi ọwụwa, adịghị ike, lethargy, iro ụra;
• ọgbụgbọ, vomiting, dyspepsia n'ụdị afọ ọsịsa ma ọ bụ afọ ntachi, cramping mgbu n'afọ;
• obi n'afọ iri na ụma nsogbu, dobe na nsogbu, na-ada mbà, ida, ujo.

anaphylactic ujo

Ọ bụ ihe kasị oké ngosipụta nke ihe nwere ike nfụkasị Jeremaya. Anaphylactic ujo amalite inikiet inikiet, n'oge mbụ nkeji mgbe ikpughe na antigen. N'ụzọ bụ isi dọkịta ga-alerted ihe ike obodo mmeghachi omume ọgwụ, nri ma ọ bụ aru. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ oké mgbu, ọzịza nke ugboelu, na egwu itching ma ọ bụ a nkọ dobe na nsogbu. Ọ bụrụ na a nri allergen, mgbe niile nwere ike na-amalite na vomiting na ọzịza nke ọnụ, pharynx, ma ọ bụ nkọlọ.

Nke abụọ ogbo anamde a mpiaji spasm nke bronchial akpa na overlapping airway lumen ala kwụsị iku ume. Ịba hypoxia, egbugbere ọnụ na nsọtụ atụgharị-acha anụnụ anụnụ, onye ọrịa na-efunari nsụhọ, na-ada mbà ma ọ bụ na-emikpu n'ime a amaghị onwe ya. Enweghị ịwa ahụ ọgwụ ọrụ na mmadụ anwụọ ngwa ngwa, na-enweghị nwetaghachiri.

mberede

Iji gbochie mgbasa nke antigen ofụri idem, n'elu ntinye saịtị nke allergen etinyere n'olu (ma ọ bụrụ na o kwere omume) na ndinọ ngwa ngwa n'ala ludo 0,1% epinephrine ngwọta (s.c. ma ọ bụ i.v.). Na kwukwara thereto, na a akwara, "Prednisolone" dose of 5 mg kwa kilogram nke ime arọ iji nwayọọ na-usoro omume. Ọ bụrụ na ndị a jikoro adịghị aka, na onye na-aga n'ihu na-akpagbu, ọ dị mkpa ka mepụta tracheal intubation na-amalite wuru respiration bag Ambu ma ọ bụ ventilator. Ọ ka na-eme na ọ gaghị ekwe omume fanye a ume tube, mgbe a mkpebi banyere kotikotomii ma ọ bụ tracheotomy. Nke a ga-hụ na ohere nke oxygen, na-azọpụta onye ọrịa ahụ ndụ.

Akụkụ nke ọgwụ ochichi

All na mgbe, ruo mgbe ngwa ngwa jikoro na-rụrụ, ị pụrụ ịnọgide na-na-abanye adrenaline ruo a ngụkọta dose of abụọ milliliters. Ma adịghị na-etinye aka na ha, ebe ọ bụ na ovadozu nwere ike njọ na exacerbate anaphylactic mmeghachi omume. Iji wepu bronchospasm (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị gafere mgbe iwebata adrenaline onwe ya), ọ bụ ike igba onye ọrịa iri abụọ milliliters nke "aminophylline" intravenously (nwayọọ nwayọọ).

Ọ bụrụ na e nweghị prednisone, ọ nwere ike dochie anya ujo doses nke ọzọ glucocorticoids, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ịme 500 ml "Metiprednizolona" ma ọ bụ ọdịnaya nke ise vials "Dexamethasone". Nta doses ga na-adịghị ike.

mgbochi

Anaphylactic Jeremaya mere na-adị mfe iji gbochie karịa ogwugwo. Iji mee nke a, iji zere kọntaktị na allergen, ọ bụrụ na amara mmadụ, na na na-akọ otú ahụ Jeremaya mere ka ọgwụ na ahụ ike na-arụ ọrụ tupu ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ, ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ physiotherapy. Ke adianade do, ndị mmadụ na-asọ na ahụmahụ mkpa na-ebu na pen na epinephrine na nebulized bronchodilator mkpụmkpụ-eme. Nke a ga-adị n'elu ndokwa nke ọgwụ na ahụ ike aka bụrụ na nke agha na nwere ike ịzọpụta ndụ.