Archibald Cronin, "Citadel": nchịkọta

Scottish dibịa na onye so dee Archibald Cronin (1896-1981) dịrị ogologo ndụ, na-ahapụ a nketa nke ụmụ ọtụtụ akụkọ, obere osise na atọ na iri na abuo voluminous edemede kere. Ọtụtụ n'ime ya akwụkwọ e dere mfe ịghọta style, filmed akpa isua ke n'akwụkwọ.

Taa, otu ugboro ọzọ wee mmasị nke onye na-agụ na otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu ọrụ, nke kere Archibald Cronin - "Citadel". Comments banyere akwụkwọ a na-egosi na ọ na-emetụta okwu ndị mkpa ọbụna taa, ọ bụ ezie na ebe ọ bụ na ihe ahụ e dere kemgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta afọ na iri asatọ.

Iji banye niile lee njem nke ibé, n'ezie, mma-atụgharị na mbụ isi. The ọzọ n'ihi na akwụkwọ a sụgharịa ọtụtụ asụsụ, gụnyere na Russian. Nchịkọta nke Romana Kronina "The Citadel" na-dị n'ime akwụkwọ a. Anyị nwere olileanya na ọ maara nke ọma na ya, ị pụghị ịgọnahụ onwe m obi ụtọ na-agụ ngwaahịa kpamkpam.

Maruuru isi agwa na ihe omume mgbakọ

N'isi nke mbụ nke akwụkwọ "The Citadel" Archibald Cronin-adọta ndị na-agụ ihe ikuku nke azụmahịa English Society 20-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Novice dọkịta Andrew Manson aka-eweta na a obere Ngwuputa obodo, ebe ọ bụ osote nke obodo Aesculapius Page.

N'elu mbata, Andrew nụrụ na ọ ga-enwe ike ime ihe niile na-arụ ọrụ nanị ya, n'ihi na ya onye isi bedridden ụbụrụ. Nwunye Page, cantankerous agadi mmadụ aghọta mbata nke Manson na-ebuso iro na agbalị n'ụzọ ọ bụla na-emerụ ya.

ụdị onye

Dị ka a dibịa site ọzụzụ, Archibald Cronin "Citadel" ji nsogbu ahụ. Nchụàjà nzọụkwụ na-kọwara-eto eto mbụ dọkịta na họrọ ubi. Practice amalite Manson bụ kpamkpam ọma. Zaneduzhivshemu mere ka onye ọrịa, Andrew ike ikpebi na-akpata ọrịa ahụ. Ikebịghike enye osobo Filippom Denni, bụ onye, n'agbanyeghị na-akpa àgwà dịtụ mpako, ma ka na-enyere a otu ka a ziri ezi nchoputa na ndidi.

Ọ na-enyo na obodo bụ n'okpuru iyi egwu nke ọrịa ịba ahụ ọkụ. Ụta maka nke a bụ enweghị ọcha, ọ na-akpata nsogbu na siwa usoro. Manson na Denny ịrịọ ndị ọchịchị na-eme ka ọ di ike. Ebe okpu, na-eto eto kpebiri ịfụ rusted paịpụ mmiri, nke ghọrọ isi iyi nke mgbasa nke a na-egbu egbu ọrịa.

The si malite ịhụnanya

Akwụkwọ bụ "The Citadel" (A. Cronin dere ya na 1937), ọ bụghị nanị na-ekpughe na e guzobere na-elekọta mmadụ nsogbu nke oge, ma na-nta banyere ahụmahụ onwe onye na-agụ akụkọ. Na otu n'ime ụbọchị nke ọnụnọ ya na obodo Blenelli Endryu Menson osobo Kristin Berlou. Nzukọ ha na-ewe ebe agụmakwụkwọ alụmdi ebe dọkịta gara amanye nkụzi iji gbochie ọrụ nke ụmụaka ndị nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na-ata ahụhụ site Measles. Miss Barlow, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi, ozugbo dọtara Manson.

Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ hụrụ banyere ihe siri ike akara aka nke ụmụ agbọghọ nwere furu efu ndị mụrụ ha n'oge, na-emecha kpamkpam Christine na-ewe ihe nketa nke obi-ya. Na Manson obi amalite iji kpalie ọkụ nke ezi ịhụnanya.

The ama echiche

"Citadel" (Roman Kronina) - a akụkọ banyere atụba omume dike, chere ihu na a nhọrọ: a ezi ọgwụ nzube ma ọ bụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ inwetara. Ke akpa isi Manson ngwaahịa na-egosi na onye na-agụ naiti nke nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ihe niile ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya na-eduzi ndị egosi achọghị ọdịmma onwe aka ndị mmadụ n'agbanyeghị na ha ego ma ọ bụ n'ọkwá anya.

Ebe zutere na Congress nke British Medical Union Freddie Hemsonom, Andrew na-ele wutere mgbe ọ na-anụ arụmụka nke mbụ ya na nwa klas ya aha, ego, na-akpụ akpụ ihe ọrụ n'ọkwá. Ọ bụ omume na prototype nke protagonist bụ ya onwe ya Cronin. "Citadel" ke art ụdị iji gosi na ha worldview nke na-ede akwụkwọ ndị ọrụ ahụ ike.

Early Mmeri na-amanye ngafe

Andrew oji ụfọdụ ihe ịga nke ọma ya na-eme. Ọ ejisie iji gwọọ otu n'ime ndị bi na ọrịa uche, nakwa dị ka na-azọpụta ha n'aka ọnwụ nke a mụrụ ọhụrụ bụ onye nne ya nwere ogologo ahụhụ si na infertility. The kpọkwara nke nwa okorobịa na-ahụtakarị, m management Manson awade na-ọnọdụ nke a dọkịta kama Dr. Page. Andrew nobly jụ a lee ya anya, ọ bụghị na-achọ ịhapụ ya onye isi na-enweghị a oru.

Ebe natara si ezinụlọ nke nwanyị banyere ise guineas a ara na nwata, Manson na-ewepụta ha na a akụ. Nke a na-amata na nwunye nke Dr. Page na Andrew ebubo nke na-ezu ohi ego di ya. Young dọkịta kpọrọ ndị àmà nke aka ya dị ọcha na-eme pernicious Oriaku Paige ịrịọ mgbaghara. Mgbe ahụ Manson kpebie ahapụ ọrụ na-adịghị anya kpaliri ọzọ Ngwuputa obodo, ebe ọ na-e nyere ọrụ.

Principles na nnupụisi

Dabere n'obodo Eberle, Manson awade ya n'obi ịlụ ya. Kristin kwetara, na di na nwunye na-amalite iji kwadebe a ndụ na a ebe ọhụrụ. Fọrọ nke nta ozugbo site Andrew ibili nsogbu na-arụ ọrụ. Miners mkpesa ụkpụrụ dọkịta agọ ha nye-enweghị na-arịa ọrịa na-esi ahapụ. esemokwu dajụrụ anya, na di na nwunye na-regulars Manson mepere emepe J.Randall gburugburu, na-eme enyi na onye nwe na-egwupụta coal site Richard Vaughan.

N'otu oge ahụ, Andrew zutere na dọkịta ezé site na aha Kohn Bolend. Nwoke a nwere ihu ọchị na nchekwube ele ndụ anya. N'agbata Manson na Bolendom ekekọtara mmekọrịta enyi na enyi. Ọnụ ha na-agbalị ka o doo ndị ọzọ ọrụ ibe ịkwụsị-akwụ a pasent nke ha na-akpata isi obodo dọkịta. The initiator nke na-enupụ isi echiche mere Manson, ma nọrọkwa ibe, a dọkịta ezé, ọ bụghị e akwado.

Nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ na-eweta ya agwa ewere ọzọ omume ókè na-akpọ "citadel" Cronin. Film dabeere na akwụkwọ na 1938, e gosiri na "Oscar" award na anọ ige. Na anyị ga-ekwere na isi ọrụ na-ewu ewu na fim na-egwuri a mastery nke onye edemede na mkpa nke na-elekọta mmadụ okwu akpọlite.

Scientific mmeri, na ọdachi

Manson nwere ebumnuche ịgbanwe ẹdude iji na mba ahụ ike na usoro. Ọ ghọtara na a na-achọ ọ bụghị nanị na rụzuru nke-eme, ma na-ukwuu na nkà mmụta sayensị na ihe ọmụma. Andrew na isi-ya mikpuru ọmụmụ ha, explores nsogbu nke akpa ume na ọrịa na-arụ ọrụ n'ọrụ na coal, wee ọma gbachiteere ya tesis na natara ogo Doctor nke Science.

Manson ọrụ e ukwuu ekele anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ ndị ọkachamara. American ọkà mmụta sayensị Richard Andrew Stilmen eziga a akwụkwọ ozi, nke na-ekwu ịnụ ọkụ n'obi banyere ihe ya nnyocha sayensị.

Na n'otu oge ahụ na ndụ nke Manson onye ọdachi emee. Christine, ịbụ ime, dara si ochie akwa na tụfuru nwa ya. Ke adianade do, ọ na-egosi na ihe ọjọọ na-adịgide adịgide ghara inweta nwa agbọghọ ọṅụ nke nne.

Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ọzọ akara aka nke dọkịta inserts na bandwagon. Miners site ná mmalite na bated ya iwe, na-ebo ebubo Manson nke iji na ụmụ anụmanụ, dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ya na nkà mmụta sayensị nwere rụrụ na nchọpụta mmiri. Dị ka a okwu nke ịdị ngwa na-aga nzukọ nke na-arụ ọrụ kọmitii n'ihi nzube nke mwepụ si ụlọ ọrụ nke a dọkịta Andrew. Ma Manson, enweghị na-eche mkpebi ọ bụla, n'afọ ofufo gbara arụkwaghịm.

Akpụ akpụ na London, na familiarity na isi obodo nke beau monde

Na ogbu mmiri nke unexplored ọhụrụ ihe na-achụpụ ya agwa Archibald Cronin. Citadel, full of ọnwụnwa, na-ekpughe a amakụ tupu Manson. Ekpe na-enweghị a ọrụ, Andrew mberede òkù na post of ọkachamara ke ọrụ daa ọrịa Committee na-egwupụta coal na metallorudnyh. Mgbe na-akpụ akpụ ya na nwunye ya na London, Manson ike na-arụ ọrụ nke kọmitii ahụ abụghị maka ya, dị ka ọ na-adịghị enye ha ohere ịghọta na ha ọkachamara nka.

Ịhapụ mee post, Andrew na-agbalị ịchọta a onwe omume. Ma nke a na-achọ ego, nke ezinụlọ ezughị. Site a kechioma ohere onye ọrịa na-aghọ Manson March Kremb - Ọrụ otu nke isi obodo kasị prestigious ụlọ ahịa. Woman dọkịta na-atụ aro, na-agwọ ya nke ahu anataghi, ndị enyi m. N'oge na-adịghị Endryu Menson maara ndị ọgaranya na ndị na-akwanyere ùgwù London ntá ego onye nwunye ịgakwuru ya maka ọgwụgwọ.

The ụkwụ nke "nwa ehi ọlaedo"

Ọ bụghị ọkụ, mma agha na ọla kọpa ọkpọkọ na-enwe a dike Dr. Cronin. Citadel ewe n'ụdị a nwa ehi ọlaedo, na ike nke bụ Manson. Na-echefu banyere ya magburu onwe ya na-agakọ, Andrew na-aghọ a òtù nke obodo dọkịta onye uru na ihe mgbu na ahụhụ nke ndị ọrịa. N'ihi nke uru ndị a nnukwu Aesculapius-eduhie ndị mmadụ site na-eduzi n'okporo ụzọ, ma ọtụtụ mgbe na-abaghị uru na ọbụna dị ize ndụ na ahụ ike na usoro.

Manson na-agụnye ndị a wayo, n'agbanyeghị lacrimal arịrịọ nke nwunye ya na-na-ere ha ọkachamara nsọpụrụ na ùgwù. Ụtụ arịwo elu nke ukwuu, Andrew ekwusi a onwe omume na otu n'ime ndị kasị oké ọnụ ebe nke obodo. Christine na-akatọ omume nke di ya, ma ya Ita-uta ime ka Manson naanị iyatesịt. Zitere nwunye ya n'ihi na n'oge okpomọkụ na Ngwuputa obodo na ọkpụkpọ òkù ndị di na nwunye Vaughan, Andrew nwere ihe omume na onye nke ladies nke elu otu - Frensis Lorens.

Mberede nghọta na ihe mgbu nke ọnwụ

N'oge ndị dị mfe arụmọrụ nke esetịpụ Dr. Ivory, onye a na-ewere otu ahụmahụ dọkịta na-awa na obodo, n'ihu Manson gburu onye ọrịa. Andrew maara ihe bụ na nke dị gburugburu ọgwụ charlatans onye, na mmasị site na uru, nwere furu efu ha ọrụ nkà. Manson, ihere onwe ya n'adịghị ike na abụkwa na ndị a atụmatụ aghụghọ, kpebie ịhapụ obodo.

Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, otu agadi enyi Cohn Bolend Manson na-agwa na nwa-ya nwayi bu emecha ọrịa. Na London Clinic girl, na-ata ahụhụ si na ụkwara nta, ike aka. Andrew eziga Mary na a mba eme, ebe ọ na-eme ọrụ nke ọhụrụ usoro mepụtara Richard Stilmenom. N'ihi ya, na nwa nwaanyị Bolenda n'ụzọ zuru ezu gbakee.

Insight di jupụtara n'ime mkpụrụ obi na ọṅụ, Christine. Otu ụbọchị, na-ekpuchi table maka nri abalị, ọ na-echeta ebe ha zụtara cheese, nke bụ otú dị ka Andrew. Iji ọsọ n'ime ụlọ ahịa, dị gafee okporo ámá si n'ụlọ ha, Christine na-gburu n'okpuru ụkwụ a ụgbọ ala.

A. Cronin, "Citadel": a nchịkọta nke ikpeazụ

Mgbe eli nwunye ya, ya na Filip Manson Danny kpebie ịkwaga isi obodo ka a na n'ime ime obodo Abbey. Nke nta nke nta na-agbake site na ọnwụ, Andrew na-aga maka ego site na ire nke London na-eme na-emeghe a multidisciplinary ọgwụ ke otu n'ime n'ógbè obodo. N'ihi na n'ezi ihe, ma e wezụga Philip, sonyeere Dr. PIMU na nke Manson zutere na-eje ozi na Kọmitii.

Friends bụ n'ọrụ hassle nke na-ahọpụta a kwesịrị ekwesị ụlọ, ma mgbe ahụ, Andrew na-amụta na ọ me ka a ikpe na-enyere onye na-enweghị nri na-eme na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. Ọ bụ ihe Mr. Stilmene onye, ọ bụghị inwe a dọkịta ogo, gwọrọ TB ọrịa Woman. The initiator nke obodo bụ Dr. Ivory, ibu iwe n'obi megide Manson mgbe o kpughere ya ọkachamara unfitness.

Andrew ga-ege ntị na mkpebi nke Medical Council. Ọ bụrụ na ikpe na-adịghị atụgharị na ihu ọma ya, ahụ ike na-arụ ọrụ maka ya ga-ruo mgbe ebighị ebi iwu. The mma pụta ihe ekweghị ọbụna dọkịta ọkàiwu. N'oge ọnwụnwa, na-agbachitere na-agbalị ka o doo ndị ikpe na Manson, n'agbanyeghị na, na akanamde a adabaghi-eme ihe, na e nweghị ihe ọjọọ n'obi.

Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-ewe okwu Andrew. Ọ na-arịọ ndị na n'ụlọikpe a-acha ọkụ ọkụ ekwu okwu, na-echeta na ọtụtụ devotees ndị mere a onyinye sayensị, enweghị ike ọzụzụ. Manson, na-ehota ihe atụ nke Lui Pastera, Vladimir Khavkin, Ilya Mechnikov, na-akpọku ndị ikpe ịjụ ajọ mbunobi na adịghị anya na diplọma, na n'ezie na-arụpụta.

Medical Council di Manson, na ya na ndị enyi na-akwadebe na-ahapụ maka Stenboro obodo ebe ha ga-emeghe a ọhụrụ ọgwụ. Tupu ụgbọ okporo ígwè ekpe otu awa na Andrew emefu na-eli ozu nkịtị n'elu ili ya ọ hụrụ n'anya, na nwunye.