Arụ ọrụ na titanium ọcha

Otu nke abụọ iche iche nke na-acha ọcha, ndị akacha eji oge a sere - ọcha titanium. Ha na-elu na ụfọdụ n'ime ya ọzọ na-ewu ewu ụdị àgwà - edu ndú na zinc.

Background: ebute

The ọcha agba na-eji nka na kemgbe oge ochie. Ọbụna na narị afọ mbụ BC, ndị Roman ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere Pliny kọwara usoro nke na-eke a whitewash nke ụzọ ibe na mmanya. Mgbe e mesịrị, ya technology n'ihi na mmepụta nke na-acha ọcha ụzọ e mepụtara na bụla isi European mba. Ha na-ọtụtụ-eji sere, iconography, n'ihi na teknuzu mkpa. Otú ọ dị, ụzọ - nnọọ na-egbu egbu ihe onwunwe. Mmebi kpatara ọcha-edu ndú ka ọkachamara nka na-ewu ụlọ, nakwa dị ka ndị ogbenye, na-emekwa ụfọdụ na ha mmepụta, ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji gbakọọ.

zinc

E nwere ndị ọzọ e ji esiji ákwà - ọdụ-acha ọcha, ka nke ọkpụkpụ nke umu-aturu, na-acha nzu, eggshells na ọbụna ib. Ma, ha niile bụ nnọọ obere, siri ike na-Nlụpụta na ya mere oké ọnụ. N'ihi nke a, ndị na-ese ihe nọgide jiri na-egbu egbu ndú. More ahụkarị ụdị - kaolin, antimony, sọlfọ, edu ndú na tin - bụ ka elu mmepụta mpịakọta nke na-acha ọcha-edu ndú.

Nke a na-ruo mgbe 1780, mgbe abụọ French mmiri ọgwụ Bernard Courtois na Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, malitere ịchọ maka obere ize ndụ agba. Ha na-ahọrọ dara na zinc oxide, dabere na nke na-enwetara ọcha ubé awu. Nsogbu bụ na ha price. Zinc oxide ndị bara uru ugboro anọ oké ọnụ karịa ụzọ, ọtụtụ artists kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi ochie ihe.

Titan

Ná ngwụsị nke XVIII narị afọ England William Gregọ na German Klaproth chọpụtara a na mbụ na-amaghị metal, nke ekemende dochie ụzọ uka mmepụta nke na-acha ọcha. Ma tupu mmalite nke XX narị afọ titanium e weere na-abaghị uru, n'agbanyeghị ihe-ekwesịghịkwa metal. Naanị na 1908, European chemists ahụwo a ojiji maka na ọ na - titanium dioxide a na-eji na mmepụta nke a ọhụrụ ụdị ọcha. Ebe ọ bụ na 1920, Europe e ulo oru uka mmepụta nke titanium dioxide pigments na-fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam dochie na a ụzọ ahịa. Tupu Russia nwetara naanị ọhụrụ zitere nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. N'ihi na nke a bụ eziokwu, na-eme nnyocha jikwaa ịmata ezigbo ọrụ nke mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ site na igwu wayo: akpachapụghị odeakwụkwọ agaghị na-atụle na Russian avant-garde dere tumadi iji na-acha ọcha-edu ndú, titanium ekemende repressed.

Tụnyere nke dị iche iche nke na-acha ọcha

• Toxicity. White ụzọ dị iche iche nke ukwuu na-egbu egbu ma ugbu a na-eji nanị art agba. International Association of Labor Protection machibidoro egosipụta mgbidi ebe obibi na-acha ọcha-edu ndú. Men-ese na iri na asatọ afọ na ndị inyom nke ọ bụla afọ na-aju si arụ ọrụ na-edu ndú. Ubé nsí zinc-acha ọcha, inwe bụla ihe iyi egwu ndụ, na titanium nwere ike e dere na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla nsogbu nye ahụ ike.
• Opacity (ezo ike). Zinc oxide nwere kasị ala opacity, nke mere na ha na-ọma-eji na oge gboo sere glaze. Titanium ọcha gbazere ka impractical n'ihi ha mkpuchi nnọọ elu (2,7). Ma ha na-ezigbo n'ihi na ihe oké sere a la Prima - a ink ọma n'elu ọzọ na agba.
• Hue. Zinc oxide nwere ubé ọkụ ụda titanium - oyi.
• Eguzogide. Zinc oxide, karịsịa na elu ink oyi akwa ọkpụrụkpụ, emecha kpuchie cracks. Ebe ọ bụ na titanium dioxide pigments na anaghị eme eme - otu n'ime ha umu nnọọ ike nke na ọ na-eji maka egosipụta ugboelu. White ụzọ dịkwa nnọọ ike - na ha ji ha ichebe ọrụ nke ochie nke nna ukwu.

Ndị ọzọ na atụmatụ nke titanium dioxide pigments

N'ime oge ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ, dere titanium dioxide pigments, nwere ike nweta a bluish tint. Na mmanụ sere na-acha ọcha ga-eji na-ekwesịghị. Ha na-atụ aro ka weere na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na agba: azure, cobalt, cadmium. Mgbe mbuaha razbelivaniya mmetụta nwere ike ime ha, na-etolite-ejighị n'aka yi compound. Titanium ọcha n'aka odo karịrị oge. Titanium dioxide mgbe weere organic pigments nwere ike ịghọ discolored karịrị oge. Ọ na-adịghị atụ aro na-ekpuchi ọrụ na ojiji nke titanium ọcha mmanụ copal ghọọ - agbawanye ọchịchịrị apụghị izere ezere.

N'ihi na nke ndị a niile adịghị emezi emezi na ufọt ufọt iri abụọ na narị afọ, nka jụrụ iji titanium dioxide pigments. Ha mmepụta e kwụsịtụrụ. Ma, ndị ọzọ Titanium White - acrylic, gouache ma ọ bụ tempera emepụta n'otu ọnụego. Ha ọma nọgidere na-eji ọtụtụ ndị ese. Titanium White Oil kwa ogologo kemgbe ke Limbo - ha elu-nkpuchi ike, na-abụghị na-egbu egbu na dịtụ ọnụ laghachi ha na shelves, na taa onye ọ bụla nwere ike, na omume, iji chọpụta ma ha were bụ anabata nke ọma.