-Arụ ọrụ n'ala: ụdị na atụmatụ nke arụmọrụ

Construction nke ụlọ nke dị iche iche na-agụnye ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. Ke akpa ọrụ a na mgbe nile chọrọ ala. Nke a ọrụ na-agụnye saịtị nkwadebe, mmepe, gwupụtatụrụla, trenching. Na-rụrụ atụmatụ na mwepụ nke ala, landscaping. Na àgwà nke ndị dị otú ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na-ekpebi anwụ ngwa ngwa nke na ntọala na-onwem na nkwukọrịta.

ụdị ọrụ

N'oge ndị na-ewu ọrụ chọrọ n'ala 2 ụdị:

• n'okpuru ntọala;
• n'okpuru nkwurịta okwu.

Ntọala arụnyere na ezumike. Ọ bụrụ na ha nwere a obosara nke 3 mita, ha na-akpọ olulu. Mgbe ogologo dị ukwuu karịa obosara nke a dọrọ. The recesses spaced iche bases akpọ olulu. Akụkụ nke olulu, trenches adabere na kwa nke ntọala. Communications na-enịm ke trenches, omimi nke nke na-guzosie ike site iwu SNIP.

Nkwadebe na ancillary ọrụ

Abụkarị ala na-achọ nkwadebe. Ọ na-agụnye nzacha na mkpocha nke irighiri na osisi. Ọzọkwa rụrụ dismantling nke ụlọ na ntọala. Dị nnọọ mara na osisi na-ewepụ ihe na-adabere mkpebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi na otu. Ke adianade do, ọ dị mkpa iji dozie ebe maka ohere technology.

Inyeaka ọrụ (n'ala) bụ dị ka wastewater mkpofu, na-ebelata ala larịị, echikwapụ nke oké ala. Mgbe ahụ, echichi nke mgbidi trenches na ala compaction.

Evaluation ọrụ

Ịrụ nwale bụ mkpa iji chọpụta otú ọtụtụ cubic mita nke ụwa kwesịrị ime. Ọ bụrụ na ị wụnye arụpụtaghị nke oru, ị ga-ahọrọ otú ọrụ ga-rụrụ ala.

Na ngụkọta oge nke ego nke na-arụ ọrụ na-enyere aka na-ahazi competently usoro ruru ụfọdụ ihe:

• oke nke a dabaa na n'aka ime ihe;
• mbupụ na nkesa nke ala;
• ihu ọma nke price na oge nke na-arụ ọrụ.

N'oge imewe nke larịị nke ọrụ ga-gbakọọ na ndabere nke na-arụ ọrụ Eserese, na na mmepụta - si nha.

Ụzọ nke mmịpụta nke ala

Igwu olulu a n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche. Method ọrụ kpebisiri ala àgwà, olu, ụdị-ewu. Ọzọkwa ọ na-adabere na hydrogeological ọnọdụ.

Nwere ike rụrụ gwupụtatụrụla ọrụ aka nakwa site n'ibu n'aka. Ị họrọ usoro na-enye gị ohere ịrụ niile na a obere oge. Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụgwọ ebe bụ nnukwu, ọ na-ọzọ ejikarị n'ibu usoro.

Hand-n'ala mmepe

Hand trenching a rụrụ na a obere ego nke na-arụ ọrụ, nakwa dị ka na otu ebe iji pụrụ iche ngwá ga-arụ ọrụ. Nke a na-ejikari maka egwu ala olulu maka ikpo ntọala, nakwa dị ka nkwukọrịta ngwá.

N'ihi na ejiri mee na-eji shọvel na spades. Ọ mma arụmọrụ ruru ka obere igwe, e.g., eji eletriki na pneumatic spades, hama, crowbars. Mgbe eji echikwapụ na-enye gị ohere na-arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa.

Development nke ala site na ígwè usoro

Nke a na usoro a na-eji maka nnukwu mpịakọta nke ọrụ. Iji-amụba ọsọ nke-egbu ha, ga-eme:

• Construction egwupụta;
• bulldozers;
• graders;
• scrapers;
• rippers;
• mkpọpu ala akụrụngwa.

Melite arụmọrụ nwetara site inyeaka ígwè na-ala njem. Trenching ga-rụrụ na-enyemaka nke ndị a ego. Mgbe dechara, ọrụ a na-rụrụ ala ịtụ.

Olee otú ọrụ ahụ na oyi

The n'ala ọrụ na-eme na okpomọkụ na oyi, ma nke abụọ ahụ e nwere ụfọdụ ihe isi ike. Nke a bụ n'ihi na kefriza nke ala, na otú ahụ ka price nke ọrụ ga-elu. Winter undesirably ịrụ ezumike olulu na trenches na a omimi nke na-erughị 3 m.

Oyi kpọnwụrụ ala elu n'ibu ike, na plastic deformation. The ngosipụta nke ndị a Njirimara nwere ike dị iche iche, ya niile na-adabere na ụdị ala. Ka ihe atụ, grit, ajịrịja nkume, ájá na-agụnye ọ dịkarịa ala mmiri, ya mere na ọ bụghị ọtụtụ oyi na ala okpomọkụ. Work na nke a ga-abụ otu na oyi na okpomọkụ. Na-ebu na-arụ ọrụ na uzuzu uzuzu, dee mmiri na clayey Ona na oyi na-atụ ekwesịghị ịbụ.

N'oge oyi, na-arụ ọrụ a na-eme na ụzọ atọ:

• ala nkwadebe;
• slicing oyi kpọnwụrụ ala nkanka;
• Development nke ala-enweghị nkwadebe.

Thawing ọdabara uzuoku, mmiri ọkụ, na-emeghe ọkụ, electric ujo. Na ọ dịghị nloghachi nke ntu oyi, iji mkpuchi miri dọrọ eji egbochi ihe ihe: peat Iwu, sawdust, shavings.

ahịa

Kọwara ọrụ na-atụle-ewe oge, n'ihi na mgbe ha na-emekarị na-tinye n'ọrụ pụrụ iche akụrụngwa na ngwa. N'oge ndị na-ewu niile ụlọ ndị nke paramount mkpa earthworks. ha bara uru kpebisiri ike site size, ala ụdị na oge nke afọ.

N'ihi ya, price maka ntuziaka mmịpụta nke ala bụ 700-800 rubles kwa 1 m³. Backfilling efu 350 rubles. E nwere ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ana ụgwọ kwa awa.

nchekwa

Ọtụtụ ihe mberede ime kpomkwem na ndị a na-ewu ọrụ. Ihe ndị a na-agụnye:

• enweghị ala ugwu;
• oké egwu larịị nke ya mmepụta enweghị fixation;
• na-ekwesịghị ekwesị disassembly fixtures;
• iga arụmọrụ ke ida nke n'ókèala;
• na ojiji nke nwedịrị ike ịta na-arụ ọrụ na-eme.

Iji earthworks emeghị ka ihe ọjọọ, ga-edebezuo nchekwa iwu. Na mpaghara ebe a ga-eji naanị pụtara ụzọ nke na-echebe ndụ na ahụ ike nke ndị ọrụ.