Basic salts. Category 'borates'

Basic salts na-zuru ezu nnukwu ìgwè ogige. Nke a na-agụnye borates, halides, nitrites, sulfites. The ìgwè nke "isi salts" na-agụnye carbonates, nitrates, sulfates.

Borates Atiya agụnye ọtụtụ ụdị nke njikọ. Karịsịa, borates gụnyere metaboric (NVO2), orthoboric (H3BO3), na free ala ke unselected polibornye acid. Dị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke boron atọm, ndị a bụ isi salts na-ekewa n'ime hexa-, tetra-, di-, monoborates, wdg Borates nwere ike zoro aka na acid-akpụ ha, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke B2O3, nke akụkọ 1 ahumachi nke bụ isi oxide.

Mmekọrịta metal salts (ammonium, alkali na ndị ọzọ) na a ogo ọxịdashọn nke otu na-egosi na e guzobere na-abụkarị anhydrous na hydrated metaborates nke MVO2 ụdị pentaboratov MV5O8, tetraborate na ndị ọzọ na M2V4O7.

Borates bụ a colorless crystal ma ọ bụ amorphous umi. Ha na-na-ji a ala-symmetry Ọdịdị - rhombic ma ọ bụ monoclinic.

Anhydrous borates enweta a agbaze mgbe na nso 500 - 2000 degrees. The kasị fusible gụnyere alkali metal metaborates, na orthoborates meta- na alkaline ala ogige. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bekee n'elu jụrụ-agbaze mfe etolite a iko.

Ọnwụ nke mmiri nke crystallization na hydrated monoborates pụtara na dị ka otu narị na iri asatọ, na na polyborates - na narị atọ, narị ise degrees. Complete akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na-arụpụta guzobe amorphous ihe nke-ata crystallization na narị ise - narị asatọ degrees. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a "mmegharị" ele mmadụ anya n'ihu decomposition nke ogige ma na-agbake B2O3.

N'ihi borates nke alkali ọla e ji ha nwere ike igbari ya na miri. Nke a bụ karịsịa njirimara penta na metaborate. Ndị a bụ isi salts na-ukwuu n'ime ngwa ngwa ata decomposition asịd. Mgbe ụfọdụ, decomposition emee n'okpuru nduzi nke SO2 na CO2.

Borates arọ na alkaline ụwa ọla na-enwe ike na-emekọ ihe ndị alkaline, carbonate na hydrocarbonate ngwọta. The anhydrous ogige ndị ọzọ na ya na-eguzogide ọgwụ karịa hydrated. Na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke alcohols na glycerol, akpan akpan, borates ụdị okụre na-soluble n'ime mmiri. N'okpuru nduzi nke ike oxidants H2O2, akpan akpan, ma ọ bụ ndị electrochemical ọxịdashọn na-ewe ebe mgbanwe nke peksoboraty.

Na ọdịdị, na anyị maara na iji nke otu narị na borates. N'ozuzu ha salts nke mg, Na, Fe, ca. Ọ ga-kwuru na ndị a ọcha na-pụtara ọma ike. Karịsịa, chlorides ndị a, ndị na-a dịgasị iche iche nke ndị dị otú ahụ bekee ka "oru nnu" nke, n'aka, na-eji dị iche iche ọrụ.

Anhydrous borates bụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ. Na-eji na sintering ma ọ bụ fusing nke B2O3 na carbonates ma ọ bụ metal oxides. Ndị otu kristal na-toro na wụrụ awụ oxides, dị ka Bi2O3. Nkwadebe nke hydrated borates interconversion Jeremaya rụrụ-agụghị oké soluble ogige na okenye agbanwe agbanwe nke alkali metal borates otu eji neytrolizatsii H3BO3 hydroxides, oxides ma ọ bụ carbonates nke ọla.

Borates-eji na njikere nke ọzọ boron ogige. Kpọmkwem, dị ka ngwakọta mmiri na mmepụta nke iko enamels, glazes, seramiiki. The ogige-eji na mmepụta nke fireproof coatings na impregnations. Borates na-eji anụcha ka a agbanwe oge na brazing na ịgbado ọkụ ọla. Tinye ha n'ọrụ dị ka fillers na pigments maka akọwa na varnishes, mordants maka dyeing, nakwa dị ka inhibitors nke (retarding) corrosion nke electrolyte mmiri na ndị ọzọ na phosphors. The ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro na-eji calcium borate na borax.