Tectonic Ọdịdị nke ahụ West Siberia ndagwurugwu. West Siberia efere

The West Siberia Plain bụ accumulative ụdị ma ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu di ala ala ihe nādighi nke uwa. N'ókèala dị, ọ bụ nke West-Siberia efere. On ya n'ókèala e nwere n'ógbè nke Russian Federation na ugwu nke Kazakhstan. Tectonic Ọdịdị nke ahụ West Siberia larịị ambiguous na iche iche.

Tectonic owuwu nke Russia

Russia emi odude ke Eurasia, kasị Afrika na mbara ala, na-agụnye abụọ nke ụwa - Europe na Asia. Gbawara n'akụkụ ìhè tectonic Ọdịdị nke ahụ Ural Ugwu. Map na-enye ohere ka anya-ahụ geological Ọdịdị nke mba. Tectonic zoning abahade ókèala Russia na geological atụmatụ dị ka ikpo okwu na apịaji mpaghara. Geological Ọdịdị bụ ozugbo kọọrọ ụmụ ọdịdị ala nke elu. Tectonic owuwu na landforms-adabere na ihe region ha nọ na ya.

N'ime Russia e nwere ọtụtụ geological ebe. Tectonic owuwu nke Russia ọkọnọ nyiwe n'ogige atụrụ belt na ugwu na usoro. Na ókèala nke mba fọrọ nke nta niile ebe undergone a usoro nke ịkpakọba.

Isi nyiwe n'ime ókèala nke mba ndị East European, Siberia, West Siberia, Pechora na Sitia. Ha, n'aka, na-ekewa n'ime ugwu, larịị na mbara ọzara.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ apịaji eriri-esonye Ural-Mongolian, Mediterranean na Pacific. Mountain systems na ókèala nke Russia - Ukwuu Caucasus, na Altai, ndị Western na Eastern Sayan Mountains, nke Verkhoyansk iche, na Ural Mountains, na riiji Cherskogo, Sikhote-Alin. Ọ nwere ike na-agwa anyị banyere otú a kpụrụ ha, stratigraphic table.

Tectonic Ọdịdị, udi nke enyemaka na ókèala nke Russia bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju na iche iche na usoro nke morphology, geomorphology, na orographic malite.

The geological Ọdịdị nke Russia

The ọnọdụ nke lithospheric efere, nke a hụrụ taa - bụ n'ihi nke mgbagwoju ogologo oge geological development. N'ime lithosphere ekenyela nnukwu traktị nke ala na ndị dị iche iche onye ọ bụla ọzọ site na a dị iche iche mejupụtara nke nkume, ha omume na geological Filiks. N'oge geotectonic zoning-aṅa ntị ogo mgbanwe rock mejupụtara nke n'okpuru ala nkume na sedimentary cover, osisi ike nke ngagharị nke ntọala. Russian n'ókèala ekewa ndị apịaji ebe na epiplatform ebighị. Geotectonic zoning ekpuchi niile tectonic owuwu. stratigraphy table nwere data banyere ugbu geotectonics Russia.

enyemaka shapes ii site miri mmegharị na mpụga mmetụta. A ọrụ pụrụ iche na-egwuri site osimiri. osimiri ndagwurugwu na ndagwurugwu na-guzobere na N'ezie nke ndụ ha. Landforms nwekwara Nleta glaciation. Dị ka a n'ihi nke glasia na mbara ọzara na e nwere ugwu nta na ridges. Udi nke teren ka emetụta permafrost. The N'ihi nke kefriza na thawing nke subsurface mmiri bụ subsidence usoro.

Siberia Precambrian n'elu ikpo okwu bụ oge ochie Ọdịdị. Na akụkụ bụ isi nke na ọ bụ nke ebe Karelian ịkpakọba, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-kpụrụ Baikal apịaji. Na mpaghara nke West-Siberia na Siberia larịị agbasawo Hercynian ịkpakọba.

Relief of Western Siberia

Ókèala Western Siberia emee banye si n'ebe ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu. Relief nke ókèala na-anọchi anya a dịgasị iche iche nke ha iche-iche na mgbagwoju ke malite. Otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa ibiere nke enyemaka dị iche na zuru elevations. Na West Siberia Plain esi zuru akara nke ọtụtụ mita.

The ewepụghị teren na nta elu mere site obere njupụta nke efere ngagharị. Na mpụta nke Buruburu-ala kacha njupụta esịmde elevations nke 100-150 mita. Na n'etiti na n'ebe ugwu akụkụ nke ẹsụhọde njupụta nke 100-150 mita. Tectonic Ọdịdị Middle ala dị larịị ma West Siberia mbara ọzara mbubreyo Cainozoic bụ na a dịtụ jụụ.

The obodo Ọdịdị nke ahụ West Siberia Plain

N'ókèala dị, n'ebe ugwu dị larịị-n'ókè site Kara Sea, ókè-ala Ndida-agba tinyere n'ebe ugwu nke Kazakhstan na grabs ya obere akụkụ, ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-elekọta ndị Ural Mountains nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Central Siberia Plateau. Ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda larịị ogologo banyere 2500 km, ogologo si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ dịgasị si 800 na 1900 km. Plain ebe bụ banyere 3 Mill. ^Km2.

Plain enyemaka na-agbụ agbụ, fọrọ nke nta ọbụna n'obi, mgbe ụfọdụ, teren elu esịmde 100 mita n'elu oké osimiri. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ugwu akụkụ ya elu ya nwere ike iru ruo 300 mita. Ẹsụhọde ókèala na-abịa site n'ebe ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu. Ke ofụri ofụri, tectonic Ọdịdị nke ahụ West Siberia larịị ekere ke chakoo.

Na ókèala nke isi osimiri eru mbara ọzara - Yenisei, Ob, Irtysh, e nwere ọdọ mmiri ndị na swamps. The idụhe bụ continental.

The geological Ọdịdị nke ahụ West Siberia Plain

Location West Siberia Plain na-anọzi na eponymous Epihercynian efere. na okpuru ulo nkume ike Ekwochapụrụ na ndị Paleozoic oge. Ha kpuchie a oyi akwa nke oké osimiri na n'ime obodo Meso-kajnozojskih Abụba (sandstones, clays, na otú pụta.) Ọkpụrụkpụ nke karịa 1000 mita. N'ọgba nke ntọala nke a ike esịmde ruo 3000-4000 mita. Na ndịda nke ndagwurugwu e nwere ọdụdụ - alluvial-ọdọ sediments n'ebe ugwu ndị ọzọ tozuru okè - ice-mmiri sediments.

Tectonic Ọdịdị nke ahụ West Siberia Plain agụnye isi na cover.

Ntọala slab nwere a ụdị ịda mbà n'obi na nkpoda n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na nwayọọ si n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. ntọala ngọngọ bụ tupu Paleozoic, Baikal, Caledonia na Hercynian oge. Emekwa ntọala miri fractures nke dị iche iche afọ. Kasị isi mmejọ submeridional - bụ East Zauralsky na Kyiv-Pursky. Map of tectonic owuwu na-egosi na n'elu ntọala slab nwere elu pribortovyh belt na n'ime obodo. The dum elu nke ntọala bụ mgbagwoju anya usoro adahade na Ikuku.

Ileba interbedded continental na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri-mmiri sediments ike nke 3000-4000 mita n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ugwu nke 7000-8000 mita.

Central Siberia dị larịị

Central Siberia Plateau emi odude ke n'ebe ugwu nke Eurasia. Ọ na nsogbu n'etiti West Siberia Plain na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ndị Central Yakut larịị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, North Siberia larịị n'ebe ugwu, Baikal region, Transbaikalia na Eastern Sayan Mountains n'ebe ndịda.

Tectonic Ọdịdị Middle ala dị larịị timed ka Siberia Platform. Mejupụtara ya kwekọrọ na oge nke sedimenti Paleozoic na Mesozoic Parodi e ji mara na ya bu stratified intrusions nke iso nke afia na basalt Ibé akwụkwọ.

Plateau enyemaka mejupụtara nke sara mbara dị larịị nakwa ridges, n'otu oge ahụ, e nwere ndagwurugwu na mkpọda ugwu. The nkezi elu dị iche na enyemaka nke 500-700 mita, ma e nwere akụkụ nke dị larịị, ebe zuru akara adahade n'elu 1000 mita, ebe ndị dị otú na-agụnye Yenisei Ridge na Angara-Lena ala dị larịị. Iji otu nke kasị elu ebe nke ókèala nke Putorana dị larịị, n'ịdị elu bụ 1701 mita n'elu oké osimiri.

Central iche

Isi Watershed n'usoro Kamchatka bụ Central iche. Tectonic Ọdịdị bụ a ugwu, esịnede ọnụ ọnụ na-aga usoro. Nso gbatịrị site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda na ogologo ya bụ 1200 km. Na n'ebe ugwu nke ọ na-lekwasị a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke na-aga, akụkụ bụ a nnukwu anya n'etiti ọnụ ọnụ, nke dị n'ebe ndịda e nwere ike ruggedness nke n'usoro, na asymmetry nke mkpọda mara na Central iche. Tectonic Ọdịdị na-ekere ke efe. Ọ mejupụtara agbọpụta ọkụ, lava dị larịị, ugwu, glaciated ọnụ ọnụ.

Ridge bụ mgbagwoju anya site na ala-iji akụkụ, ndị kasị dị ịrịba nke ha - ya Malkinskiy, Kozyrovsky, Bystrinsky àmà.

The kasị elu mgbe bụ nke Ichinsky na bụ 3621 mita. Ụfọdụ ugwu, dị ka Khuvkhoitun, Alna, Shishelov, Nnukwu Sopka, gafere akara nke 2500 mita.

Ural ugwu

Ural Mountains - a ugwu, nke ụgha n'etiti East European na West Siberia mbara ọzara. Na ogologo nke ọ bụ ihe karịrị 2000 km, obosara àmà site 40 ruo 150 km.

Ural Mountains tectonic Ọdịdị bụ nke oge ochie n'ogige atụrụ usoro. Na Paleozoic geosyncline ọ bụ ebe a na oké osimiri nāra miri. Ebe ọ bụ na guzobere emee Paleozoic Ural Mountains usoro. Main wrinkling mere na Hercynian oge.

Kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ wrinkling mere na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ná mkpọda nke Urals, nke e so site miri mmejọ na ntọhapụ nke ndị intrusion, akụkụ nke nke ruru 120 km ogologo na 60 km n'obosara. The folds na-esisịt, abịazi nọdụ, gbagwojuru anya site otiti.

Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ná mkpọda wrinkling mere obere ukwuu. The folds bụ ndị dị mfe, na-enweghị otiti. Ọ dịghị intrusion.

The mgbali kere nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ tectonic Ọdịdị - Russian n'elu ikpo okwu, ntọala nke nke na-egbochi guzobe ịkpakọba. Nke nta nke nta, na ebe nke Ural geosyncline pụtara apịaji n'ugwu.

Na tectonic okwu nke dum Urals - a mgbagwoju set of anticlinoria synclinoria na iche iche site ọ bụla ọzọ site miri mmejọ.

Relief Urals asymmetrical site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Eastern mkpọda arịdata steeply kwupụta West Siberia Plain. The nwayọọ mkpọda ọdịda anyanwụ were were n'ime East European larịị. Asymmetry mere ha eme tectonic Ọdịdị nke ahụ West Siberia Plain.

Baltic ọta

Baltic Shield bụ n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke East European Platform, ọ bụ kasị ntule nke ntọala ya na elu elu oké osimiri. N'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-ókè-ala-agba si apịaji owuwu Caledonia-Scandinavia. N'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọta nkume submerged n'okpuru cover of sedimentary nkume nke East European efere.

N'ókèala dị, ọta bụ mmasị na ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Scandinavian Peninsula, na Kola Peninsula na Karelia.

Ọta Ọdịdị metụtara atọ agba nke dị iche iche afọ - Scandinavian South (West), Central na Kola-Karelian (ọwụwa anyanwụ). South Scandinavian oru na-kegide ndịda nke Sweden na Norway. Ọ mejupụtara nke Murmansk ngọngọ na-ekenyela.

The Central oru bụ na ókèala nke Finland na Sweden. Ọ na-agụnye Central Kola ngọngọ na echekwara na akụkụ nke Kola Peninsula.

Kola-Karelian oru bụ na ókèala nke Russia. Ọ bụ nke kasị ochie owuwu nke guzobere. Ọdịdị Kola-Karelian oru ekenyela ụfọdụ tectonic ọcha: Murmansky, Central Kola, Belomorsky, Karelia, ha na-ekewa n'etiti a miri emi fractures.

Kola dịịrị banye na mmiri

Kola Peninsula tectonically agbụ n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Baltic Shield, esịnede nkume nke oge ochie si malite - granites na gneisses.

Relief atụmatụ adiaha Peninsula crystalline ọta ma na-egosipụta metụtara nke mmejọ na cracks. Na mputa nke dịịrị banye na mmiri na-enwe mmetụta kpụkọrọ na esisịt n'elu ugwu.

The dịịrị banye na mmiri bụ ọdịdị nke ihe enyemaka na-ekewa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. ọwụwa anyanwụ nke enyemaka na-adịghị dị ka mgbagwoju anya dị ka nke dị n'ebe ọdịda. Mountains Kola Peninsula na-akpụzi okporo osisi - na ugwu n'elu bụ ewepụghị dị larịị na mkpọda ugwu, Ikuku na-emi odude na ala. Plateau bee site miri ndagwurugwu na-aṅụju. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mere ndokwa Lovozerskie tundra na Khibiny, tectonic Ọdịdị ikpeazụ akọ ugwu.

Hibiny

Ókèala e Hibiny ekewet akụkụ nke Kola Peninsula, bụ isi ugwu. The geological afọ nke n'usoro karịa 350 nde afọ. Downhill Hibiny - tectonic Ọdịdị nke bụ intrusive ahu (sikwuo ike magma) mgbagwoju ke Ọdịdị na mejupụtara. Site a geological echiche, intrusion - adịghị wụkwasịrị ugwu mgbawa. Hazienụ aga n'ihu na-bilie, na-now, a afọ mgbanwe bụ 1-2 cm. Dị ka akụkụ nke intrusive massif a hụrụ ihe karịrị 500 iche iche nke mineral.

Na Hibinah ahụghị ọ bụla ice, ma e nwere metụtara nke oge ochie ice. Ọnụ ọnụ ala dị larịị-dị ka n'usoro, mkpọda bụ nkpoda na nza nke snowfields, ifịk ifịk snow, ọtụtụ ugwu ọdọ mmiri. Hibiny dịtụ ala ugwu. The kasị elu elu karịa elu oké osimiri, bụ nke ugwu Yudychvumchorr na o kwekọrọ na 1200,6 m.