Brand nke mmanụ ụgbọala ụgbọala

Mmanụ ụgbọala - fọrọ colorless mmiri mmiri na a mara isi, nke bụ a mgbagwoju òtù hydrocarbon ígwè na dị iche na ha mebere atumatu. Site ndị a ígwè, na-akpọ ụmụ irighiri ihe dabere mmanụ e ji mara: esi ebe na kefriza ebe, volatility na ndị ọzọ na Njirimara.

mmanụ ụgbọala mmepụta

Mmanụ ụgbọala bụ ngwaahịa mmanụ ejegharịrị. The octane nọmba, nakwa dị ka ịdị ọcha, na-ekpebi ika nke mmanụ ụgbọala. Isi ụzọ nke na-amị ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala - na-ịgbazigharị, cracking na kpọmkwem sublimation.

Mmanụ ụgbọala nwekwara ike kwadebere si eke na metụtara, haruru, coal na shale. Ọ na-eji ọ bụghị nanị dị mmanụ ụgbọala ma na-dị ka a mgbaze, na a asacha extractor, ngwaọrụ na Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ.

N'agbanyeghị a kama dịgasị iche iche nke ngwa, ihe karịrị 90% nke ụwa mmanụ ụgbọala na-eji dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala maka esịtidem combustion engines. E nwere isi ihe abụọ na ụdị nke mmanụ ụgbọala: ụgbọelu na akpakanamde.

Brand mmanụ ụgbọala ịdị iche iche dabere na larịị nke àgwà: elu ya bụ, obere nsogbu na ime ihe na mmezi nke ụgbọala.

Ihe bụ isi usoro maka amị mmanụ ụgbọala - cracking usoro, nke bụ a abụọ ejegharịrị mmanụ ala. N'oge cracking arọ hydrocarbons na-agbajikwa ala, ịba ụba olu nke okokụre ọmụmụ site 60%. Kwes cracking bụ rụrụ na a okpomọkụ nke n'elu 500 ^{° C,} otú ika nke mmanụ ụgbọala na ihe octane mba nke 70.

Taa, mmanụ maka ụgbọelu na akpakanamde ngwá emepụta mmanụ onwem na akpaghị aka na ngwá. Ndị na-abata mmanụ weere na ha, gbachiteere wee na-na pụrụ iche tankị. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ doro saa, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na distillation. N'ihi na ọ bụ na ogologo-agba ọsọ mmanụ ụgbọala, ji elu chemical kwụsie ike. Mmiri na-kpochara, sọlfọ na-ewepụ ha mejupụtara, enwekwu octane arụmọrụ.

The mbụ ojiji nke ogologo-agba ọsọ na mmanụ petrol kwere ntọt engine ike na arụmọrụ, ma uru ndị nkenke: mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta na-gbawara na combustion ulo mgbe ọ na-ewe iwe site mkpakọ. Detonation nke mmepụta aghọ a na-akpata nke moto ọdịda. The ngwọta nsogbu a bụ ojiji nke pụrụ iche bekee - mgbochi kụrụ aka. Ndị kasị dị irè nke ha bụ tetraethyl ndú. N'ihi ya, iguzogide detonation nke mmanụ ụgbọala malitere inyocha octane, na nke natara ika aha. Ọ na-ekpebisi ike na ọtụtụ ụzọ - research, moto na okpomọkụ.

Chọrọ maka àgwà nke mmanụ ụgbọala

Dị ka ụgbọelu na ụgbọala aghaghị iru ihe ụfọdụ a chọrọ guzosie ike site ndị ọbịa iji hụ na elu arụmọrụ. Otu n'ime ndị a ibiere na-ise isi ndị:

1. Fractional mejupụtara.
2. The kwụsie ike nke chemical mejupụtara.
3. Volatility.
4. Iguzogide detonation.
5. Ọchịchọ nke e guzobere soot.

fractional mejupụtara

Fractional mejupụtara na-akpa na mmetụta na-moto arụmọrụ, ji ọtụtụ Njirimara. Nke mbụ n'ime ha - na ihere okpomọkụ. Ọ na-emetụta pasent nke ìhè na nsọtụ. The ala ya bụ, ka ndị ụmụ irighiri ihe a ga-ẹdude ke mmanụ ụgbọala. Na nke a kwa nnukwu quantities nwere ike ime ka Alụlụụ mkpọchi.

The abụọ na nke atọ - na oge nọrọ na Okpomoku elu engine, na ogo wear nke cylinders na pistons. The ihere okpomọkụ na-nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na ndị a kwa, otú ahụ ka fractional mejupụtara dị iche na oyi na okpomọkụ akara ule nke mmanụ ụgbọala. Ogbenye mmanụ ụgbọala volatility nwere ike ime ka ingress n'ime combustion ulo na crankcase ya mmiri mmiri nta nke na-eduga dilution nke engine mmanụ na engine ọdịda.

Chemical kwụsie ike

Ọ dịgasị dabere na ọnụego nke ọxịdashọn nke manu mmiri, na nwere ike ime ka onye ahụ na plọg, valves na ndị ọzọ na engine nkeji soot. Chemical nkwụsi ike nke mmanụ ụgbọala - ya ike ịnọgide na-enwe ya Njirimara, n'agbanyeghị nke gburugburu ebe obibi.

evaporability

Akowa mmanụ ụgbọala ike gabiga mmiri mmiri na gaseous ala na weere na ikuku na-etolite a combustible ngwakọta. Volatility emetụta mmalite nke engine, dabere na fractional mejupụtara nke mmanụ ụgbọala.

detonation Njirimara

The ike nke mmanụ ụgbọala bụghị edita mgbe abịakọrọ. Onu nke detonation - bụghị a obi ụtọ na-adịghị njọ, n'ihi na ọ pụrụ iduga ekpo oke ọkụ nke moto na-emebi ya. Nke a oke na-adabere ọ bụghị nanị na mmanụ ụgbọala mejupụtara, kamakwa engine imewe.

fouling

Ugbu ke resin mejupụtara nke mmanụ ụgbọala ga-eji nke fouling. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-edebe na carburetor, nke na-eduga ụba mmanụ ụgbọala oriri, belata ike na nsogbu ndị ọzọ. Gbochie omume nke ego nwere ike na-enweta site na-agbakwunye pụrụ iche nwekwara.

mmanụ ụgbọala

Mmanụ a na-akara dabere octane nọmba: elu ya bụ, nke ukwuu iguzogide detonation nke manu, karị, ọ ga-etinyere engines ọzọ karịa a elu mkpakọ ruru nke mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta. Dị ka ihe atụ:

• Mmanụ ụgbọala A-76 - Motor octane nọmba, usoro nke na-erughị 76.
• Mmanụ ụgbọala 80 - octane fim nke dịkarịa ala 80.
• Mmanụ ụgbọala 92 - octane nọmba nke dịkarịa ala 92.
• Mmanụ ụgbọala Ai-95 - octane, karị, na-erughị 95.

Motor mmanụ ụgbọala na-akara na akwụkwọ ozi "A" ugbo elu - akwụkwọ ozi "B", ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bụ karị ya index nọmba ma ọ bụ octane. Ọ bụrụ na, tupu index bụ akwụkwọ ozi "m", ọ pụtara na nnyocha octane nọmba tụrụ ụzọ. Enweghị akwụkwọ ozi kwuru banyere iji ihe moto usoro.

Uru ojiji nke mmanụ ụgbọala na-adabere na isi Njirimara - iguzogide detonation. The octane nọmba na-egosipụta a nhọrọ moto mmanụ ụgbọala. Aviation mmanụ ụgbọala ọkwa bụ a echiche nke ya mgbochi-kụrụ aka Njirimara.

Brand nke moto mmanụ ụgbọala na-nkewa kpomkwem a onwunwe. N'ihi ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala mgbe leta "B" - ihe atụ, B / -100 / 130 - gosiri octane ọkwa nke manu nke-eme dị ka a denominator. Ntọt iguzogide mmanụ ụgbọala detonation nwere ike na-agbakwụnye na ya mejupụtara kpọmkwem nwekwara - tetraethyl ndú.

mmanụ ụgbọala na-akanye

Ka ụbọchị, ndị CIS mba mere ka ọtụtụ ụdị nke mmanụ ụgbọala dị iche iche akara ule: okpomọkụ, oyi, leaded, enweghị leed na maloetilirovannyh.

Leaded mmanụ ụgbọala akara na-ese na agba di iche iche, n'ihi na ihe atụ, A-72 pink, Ai-93 - red-oroma, Ai-98 - acha anụnụ anụnụ.

Ná mba ọzọ, mmanụ ụgbọala dị na abụọ isi ụdị: "Premium" klas mbụ Ron 97-98 na "mgbe" abụọ ọkwa Ron 90-94. Na United States, Britain na ụfọdụ mba ndị ọzọ na-emepụta mmanụ ụgbọala "Super", ndị octane nọmba nke bụ 99-102.

On ajụjụ nke ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala dị mma, na-apụghị zara agaghị egbu oge: n'ihi na onye ọ bụla ụgbọala na-eji a akpan akpan ọkwa nke mmanụ ụgbọala. N'ihi na dị ka ụgbọala na emeputa na-atụ aro na iji nke manu, na octane nọmba bụ ihe na-erughị 91-92, maka ụgbọala wuru na 90s - na octane fim nke dịkarịa ala 94.

mmanụ ụgbọala e ji mara nke mmanụ ụgbọala brand na ya quality kpebisiri ike site ọdịnaya mejupụtara nke alkalis, asịd, sọlfọ na organic ogige na ogo ofufe. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị gas ojii CIS nwere ike okosobode na ala-ọkwa mmanụ ụgbọala, na ojiji nke a pụrụ iduga akaghi aka eyi na ọdịda nke ụgbọala.

Modern esịtidem combustion engines achọ echesinụ nnabata ya na emeputa na-atụ aro na mmanụ ụgbọala na-eji: Naanị jupụta mmanụ ụgbọala ọkwa kpọmkwem site na emeputa nke ike unit. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ruo n'ókè nke mkpakọ nke mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta, engine imewe na cylinder ikike. Dị ka ihe atụ, nke ukwuu mkpakọ na combustion ulo olu, dị elu nke octane fim mmanụ ụgbọala. Kwa òkè na iri abụọ na ise hundredths nke mkpakọ dị mkpa, dị ka ndị na-emepụta, na unit nke octane nọmba.