British Hong Kong (British Hong Kong) - History. Kpụrụ British chịrị

British Hong Kong - mmụta ọha na eze, nke na-ekwu site China na United Kingdom. A mgbagwoju usoro nke mba nkwekọrịta mere ka nke a dịịrị banye na mmiri bụ fọrọ onwe ya ma si na, na site na mba ndị ọzọ, na-emesapụ aka na tax iwu na-ekwe ka ala na-aghọ otu n'ime ndị kasị na-eto eto na mpaghara na ụwa.

prehistory

History of Hong Kong amalite gburugburu 30,000 afọ gara aga. Dị ka ọkà mmụta ihe ochie, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ama nkuku nke n'ụwa, ebe metụtara nke oge ochie ndị mmadụ na-hụrụ. N'ihi na a ogologo oge nke a na mpaghara na-kpamkpam ekesịpde China. N'oge ọchịchị nke ndị Tang Dynasty , n'ógbè a maara dị ka otu mba center nke azụmahịa. Hong Kong a mara dị ka a isi mmeputa nke nnu, naval n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, smuggling center.

Mmalite nke ọgwụ opium War

Na 1836, Chinese ọchịchị rụrụ a isi nyochaa nke iwu na ubi nke ndu ọgwụ opium ahịa. Lin kwetara na-na ọrụ nke igbochi mgbasa nke ọgwụ opium. Na March 1839 ọ ghọrọ onye pụrụ iche Imperial Commissioner na Canton, ebe nyere iwu site mba ọzọ ahịa na-ahapụ ha ọgwụ opium ebuka. Ọ ejedebeghị ohere British ahịa na ụlọ mmepụta ihe na Canton ike bee ha site onunu. Chief soja na azụmahịa, Charles Elliott, Lin ka kwetara iji mejuputa otu iwu na-ekwe ka mma ụzọ ọpụpụ si ọgwụ opium ahịa maka British ahịa gị na ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ a gaara egbo site nkwekọrịta n'etiti abụọ ọchịchị. Elliott kwere nkwa na British ọchịchị ga-akwụ ụgwọ maka ọgwụ opium ebuka ahịa n'ógbè. Ya mere, ahịa debe ha n'obi, nke bụ 20,283 n'arọ nke ọgwụ opium. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị a ebuka e tutu amama a nnukwu nnọkọ nke ndị mmadụ.

okwu site na British

British Cabinet kpebiri na Chinese na ndị mmadụ kwesịrị-ata ya ahụhụ na September 1839. East mmadụ ga-akwụ maka mbibi nke British onwunwe. Expeditionary Force na-aga site Charles Elliot na nwanne ya nwoke na 1840. Chịkwara ụlọ, Onyenwe Palmerston. Ọ bụ na ya aririọ na Chinese Imperial Government, e kwuru na British ọchịchị na-adịghị na-arụ ụka nri inye ha onwe ha Chinese ọgwụ opium ahia, ma ekweghị ka ụzọ ndị a ahia a rụrụ. Jehova hụrụ narị mberede tightening achịkwa ọgwụ opium ka a ọnyà mba ọzọ (bụ isi - n'ihi na British) ahịa, raw ọgwụ opium na onunu igbochi dị ka keonyeiro na-ekwesịghị ịdị na nzọụkwụ. Iji kwado a arịrịọ edinam, Jehova gwara expeditionary agha ogide otu n'ime ndị dị nso agwaetiti, ọ bụrụ na Chinese na-atụle nke ọma ihe ndị a chọrọ nke British, na Chinese na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Yangtze na Yellow ngọngọ na British n'ụlọikpe. Na arịrịọ, e kwusiri okwu ike na British ahịa ekwesịghị adara n'enweghị ikike keonyeiro chọrọ nke obodo nchịkwa ke ọ bụla nke seaports nke Chinese alaeze ukwu.

kwetara

Na 1841, mgbe mkparita uka na Mr. Qi Shan, ndị nọchiri kpara Lin, Elliott mara ọkwa a mbido nkwekọrịta, nke ka ghọtara nri nke British n'àgwàetiti Hong Kong na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ya. N'ihi ya mụrụ na British Hong Kong. Flag of Great Britain gbara n'elu ochie e wusiri ike nke agwaetiti ahụ, na Ọchịagha Dzheyms Bremen were akara nke agwaetiti na aha nke British Crown. Hong Kong kwere nkwa a bara uru isi n'ihi na British trading obodo na Canton n'ógbè. Na 1842, nyefe nke agwaetiti e eze ratified, na Hong Kong «Ruo Mgbe Ebighị Ebi" ghọrọ a British ógbè.

Mmụba nke ógbè

The nkwekọrịta, aka site na Britain na Chinese ọchịchị ike egbo ma otu ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Na ọdịda 1856, ndị Chinese ọchịchị ejide a arịa nke China, n'ikuku ebe bụ British Hong Kong e gosiri. Nnọchianya na Canton rịọrọ ndị Chinese ọchịchị na a na nkwupụta na ndị dị otú ahụ na njide bụ mkparị na nnọọ oké njọ okike. Hong Kong ochichi adọrọwo mere ka ọganihu ha nwere atumatu. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1857 Jehova Palmerston họpụtara Eldzhvina nnọchiteanya nke British n'akụkụ ná mbipụta nke ahia na-agbachitere, na ikike ya banye a ọhụrụ, ọzọ ọrụ na-enye nkwekọrịta na China. N'otu oge ahụ na British kpebiri iji ike ya itie ke abịa mkparita uka, na dechara ya ụlọ French expeditionary ike. Na 1860, na nkwonkwo na omume e weghaara Dagu nkera ma nwere Beijing, apostle na Chinese ọchịchị na-anabata British choro. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-emegide ọnụ ọgụgụ a aha ya bụ ọgwụ opium ahia agha, ọ bụla nke amụbawo esenidụt n'ókèala nke British Alaeze Ukwu na biri na mmeri nke China. Dị ka aka nkwekọrịta, na British na-enwe ike na-emeghe ha na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, unu kpamkpam na-eje ije ruo ihe Yangtze River, ọ laghachiri na ikike iwu ahia na ọgwụ opium na nwere onwe ha diplomatic ọzọ ke Beijing. Ke adianade do, n'oge agha, na English ahu nwere na-Kowloon Peninsula. Nke a dị larịị bụ nke bukwanu nwere uru - ọ pụrụ iru a obodo na a ọhụrụ iji chebe onwe akara.

Mmụba na igba

Site mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19, ndị colonists chọrọ iji mụbaa British Hong Kong maka agbachitere. N'oge a, ndị mkparita uka na Chinese n'akụkụ na-ulo oru, nke mere ka ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke abụọ ná mgbakọ nke Beijing June 9, 1989. Dị ka ndị mba ọzọ ndị ọchịchị ama kwetara na anyị na-apụghị imebi ọbụbụeze nke China na otu otu tida ewepụ ókèala, na British Hong Kong natara ọzọ ala nwechapụ. Nke a kwere China "ịzọpụta ihu" n'ụdị nke elu ọnụ ikike n'elu nkewapụ nke ala, na British - n'ezie na-achịkwa Hong Kong na mbinye ego. Hong Kong ala enyefe na British ọchịchị 99 afọ. Ke adianade do, n'okpuru ikike nke British n'Àgwàetiti e nyere 230, nke bịara mara dị ka ọhụrụ British ókèala. Eze, Britain banyere n'ime nwa oge onwunwe nke Hong Kong na ndi fọduru nke ala ke 1899. Ebe ọ ejikwara ya iwu dị iche iche na Mexico, na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọikpe, uwe ojii na omenala - niile na ike mesie ha nnwere onwe nke ndị British Hong Kong. The ego a bụ mgbasa na mpaghara a na dum nke Southeast Asia.

afọ nke agha

Tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Hong Kong duru a jụụ ịdị adị nke otu n'ime ọtụtụ British chịrị, nke a chụsasịrị gafee n'ụwa. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke agha edinam, e kpebiri na inokota agha ọrụ maka nchedo nke ọhụrụ British n'ókèala na Chinese ọchịchị. Na 1941, ndị British aka a agha imekọ ihe ọnụ nkwekọrịta, dị ka nke agha na ndị British Hong Kong Chinese mba agha wakpo Japanese si n'azụ. Nke a ga-eme ka ike gwụ ndị iro nsogbu na British agha. December 8 agha ahụ malitere mgbe Hong Kong, mgbe ndị Japanese ikuku atụ bọmbụ n'ezie bibie British Air Force na onye agha. Ụbọchị abụọ gasịrị, ndị Japanese mebiri site na akara nke na-azara ọnụ na ókèala ndị ọhụrụ. The British ọchịagha, Majọ-Jeneral Christopher Maltbi ruo nkwubi okwu na agwaetiti agaghị adịru ogologo enweghị mkwado, otú ahụ ọchịagha wezugara ya brigeedi si Chile. December 18 na Japanese we Victoria Harbor. Dị ka nke December 25, haziri site Defense bụ nanị obere akpa nke iguzogide. Maltbi atụ aro kwenye na Gọvanọ nke Hong Kong - Sir Mark Young, onye were ya ndụmọdụ iji belata na o kwere omume mmebi nke obodo ahụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Japanese mbuso agha

N'echi ya, mgbe mbuso agha nke Generalissimo Chiang nyere iji atọ Chinese agha n'okpuru iwu nke General J. Hanmou chee ihu Hong Kong. The atụmatụ bụ na-amalite Ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ agha na Japanese na-arụ agha na mpaghara nke Canton. Ma ọbụna tupu Chinese bipu ike iru ya akara nke agha, na Japanese mebiri na-agbachitere Hong Kong. British weere ndị mkpa: 2232 agha gburu na 2,300 merụrụ ahụ. The Japanese kọrọ na ha na-efu 1996 nwụrụ anwụ ma na 6000 merụrụ. Arọ Japanese na-arụ mere ka a otutu-ata ahụhụ. E bibiri obodo ahụ, ndị mmadụ na-ekpe Hong Kong. The obodo na-enwe ihe akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ na-adakpọ, ndị bi na British chịrị halved. The Japanese mkpọrọ achị British colonial J.Randall ma chọọ iji merie n'elu ahịa n'ógbè site họpụtara advisory mbadamba na nlekota ha proteges. A iwu emewo ka sara mbara imekọ ihe ọnụ na akụkụ nke J.Randall, na etiti na klas, na nnọọ nta ụjọ karịa ndị ọzọ obodo China.

Japanese arụ

Hong Kong e ghọọ a Japanese ógbè, na njupụta nke Japanese azụmahịa owuwu na dochie British. Ma, Japanese Alaeze Ukwu nwere oké njọ logistical isi ike, na site 1943 nri nwere nsogbu na Hong Kong. The ọchịchị aghọwo ihe-eme ihe ike na nke rụrụ arụ, na Chinese J.Randall emechu ihu. Mgbe Japanese chịlie aka elu, na unit alaghachikwuru British patronage bụ enweghi mgbu, dị ka Chile mba na Kọmunist agha nọ na-akwadebe maka a agha obodo na leghaara choro na ihe ịma aka nke Hong Kong. Na ogologo oge na-arụ emeela ka tupu agha na-elekọta mmadụ na aku na uba n'usoro n'etiti Chinese azụmahịa obodo site na iwepu ụfọdụ nke agha nke mmasị nke dugara a ojuju na ùgwù na ike nke British.

Mweghachi nke Chinese ọbụbụeze

Infusion amerikanskiyh na British ego ngwa ngwa welite a ógbè. The post-agha mmepe nke Hong Kong na-egosi a jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na, na mgbe - na-eto ngwa ngwa nke aku na uba. Ke mbubreyo 80, Hong Kong na-otu n'ime ihe anọ ahụ "Oriental Dragon" ọma esetịpụ ya itie ke-egosi. Na 1997, e nwere a ukwu nyefe nke ikike ka Hong Kong Government of China. British okpueze ógbè kwụsịrị ịdị adị, na Hong Kong ghọrọ kpọrọ akụkụ nke China. Ma, obodo ahụ jisiri chebe onwe ya na iche n'ebe ndị ọzọ Chinese anāchi achi. Ọ mîdaha ya n'ụlọikpe, mepụtara ha onwe ha iwu, nwere ya ochichi na omenala. Hong Kong - China nwere naanị obere, na na ọ bụ eleghi ọ ga-abụ akụkụ nke mkpokọta ndutịm na n'ọdịnihu dị nso.

Hong Kong Capital

Hong Kong - a na obodo na ọ nweghị ókèala. Ọ dịghị ihe isi obodo na ot uche nke okwu. Anyị nwere ike ikwu na Hong Kong isi obodo Hong Kong bụ ya onwe ya. N'otu oge ahụ, iche iche na isi mmalite na-egosi na Victoria bụ isi obodo nke Hong Kong City. Nke a na-akwanyere ùgwù n'ógbè nke obodo ukwu, na nke ndị niile na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nhazi ụlọ lekwasị ke oge nke British Raj. Mgbe ngafe nke mgbazinye Victoria City bụ naanị otu nke ebe nke Hong Kong, otú ahụ chere na ebe a bụ a Hong Kong isi obodo, na nke ochie na-adịghị nnọọ eziokwu.

oge a na Hong Kong

The post-agha ngwa mmepe nke Far East region emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na oge a na British Hong Kong na-otu n'ime ndị kasị ike na mepụtara obodo ke ererimbot. Ihe fọrọ nke nta zuru ezu enweghị eke ego adịghị gbochiri iji nweta ihe rụrụ ụka n'ókèala nke kasị elu na o kwere omume ibi ndụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mmepe nke iwu, zuru okè akụrụngwa na uru obodo ọnọdụ.

Hong Kong bụ ike chọta ya niche na akụ na ụba ụwa, na ghọrọ a striker na electronic, uwe, akwa na ọkụ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, isi engine nke mmepe nke Hong Kong bụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị mmadụ na mpaghara na-arụrụ ọrụ na-ahụ na ego, ichekwa ego na bank, azụmahịa na hotel ụlọ ọrụ. Hong Kong isi mmekọ bụ United States, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore na United Kingdom.

Hong Kong obi

Hong Kong center nwere ike ga-atụle ka agwaetiti a na-kewara abụọ ebe, nke nwere a eke ókè-ala na ụdị nke n'ọnụ mmiri. N'etiti Chile na n'àgwàetiti atọ ala ọwara tọrọ. N'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ ihe ndị kasị mkpa ndutịm itieutom ke Hong Kong, gụnyere World Financial Center, ochie na-ewu ụlọ ọhụrụ nke Bank of China, ụwa ngosi Center. Kasị ntụrụndụ. Fashion ụlọ ahịa, ochie ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na klọb na-na-emi odude ke Isuo, otú a oge ọ bụ banyere. Hong Kong nwere ike-atụle dị ka etiti nke a ụmụ mmadụ bijupụtara n'ógbè Southeast Asia.

maka a njem paradise

New Hong Kong - a paradise maka ndị hụrụ ntụrụndụ na shopping. The obodo na ụlọ ahịa ndị ịnakọta nke ama ama ụdị na dịtụ ala ahịa, na ọtụtụ discos, Ogwe na klọb na-emeghe ka ọha na eze gburugburu elekere. Ndị hụrụ leisurely n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche na antiques nwekwara ga-afọ ju - na Hong Kong ekpe a ọtụtụ echebe ebe na ogige ntụrụndụ ebe ị pụrụ inweta na-akpatụbeghị aka ọdịdị nke ohia mmiri ozuzo. Dị ka ndị njem nleta, na ọtụtụ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụka, ebe ị pụrụ ịhụ pụrụ iche ngosi anakọtara ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na Hong Kong, na-ahụ ụwa nnukwu ihe oyiyi nke Buddha, ileta remote obodo nta, ebe ka asọpụrụ oge ochie omenala. Hikers agaghị-emechu ihu - n'agbanyeghị ezigbo bi njupụta, Hong Kong bụ na-anọgide na otu nke ọcha obodo na ụwa. Na nkwurịta okwu kwesịrị enweghị nsogbu - ka ọtụtụ ná ndị na Hong Kong ikwu ezi na English.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere oge na ohere - ileta a dị ịtụnanya agwaetiti - amụta nke oge a na Hong Kong, ebube agwakọta oge ochie ma n'oge a, ga-ebi na ebe nchekwa gị maka a ndụ.