Carl Maria von Weber - onye dere, nchoputa nke German Ihunanya opera: biography na ọrụ

Carl Maria von Weber - a ma ama German dere na musician nke narị afọ nke 18, bụ a na nwa nwanne nna nwunye Mozart. Ọ tụnyere ụtụ dị ukwuu mmepe nke music na-eme ihe nkiri. Otu n'ime founders nke Romanticism na Germany. The kasị ama ọrụ nke onye dere malitere opera.

Carl Maria von Weber: A Biography. nwata

Carl A mụrụ a obere German obodo nke Eutin (Holstein). Ọ mere na ihe omume December 18, 1786. Nna ya bụ Frants Veber, na-akwanyere ùgwù site n'anya nke ukwuu music. O jere ozi dị ka onye entrepreneur na a njem nkiri troupe.

Nwata nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu egwú nke gara aga n'etiti awagharị awagharị, ihe nkiri-eme ihe nkiri. Nke a na ụdị ikuku na-ike-enwe mmetụta ma kpebisie ike na nwa na-enweghị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu. Ya mere, ọ bụ a nkiri troupe kụnyere n'ime ya mmasị na ịrịba ama-musical Genres na nyekwara ihe ọmụma nke iwu nke musical idaha na nkọwa ndị doro nke Dị Ịrịba Ama Art.

Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, Weber nwekwara ike nkọ na ndị nwere mmasị na eserese. Otú ọ dị, nna nwanne gbalịrị ọzọ maara na ya music. Franz, n'agbanyeghị nke mgbe nile na-ejegharị ejegharị, bụ ike inye nwa-ya a ọma musical akụziri.

The mbụ mejupụtara

Na 1796, Carl Maria von Weber mụọ piano na Hildburghausen, mgbe aku na Salzburg isi counterpoint na 1707, mgbe ahụ, na Munich si 1798 na 1800, ọ na-amụ mejupụtara art n'obí organist Kalheroma. N'ime afọ ndị a, enye ada na-abụ abụ ihe.

Carl kpọrọ mmasị music. Na na 1798 ọ bụ n'okpuru nduzi nke Y. M. Gaydna ọbụna kere ọtụtụ Fughettas Keyboard. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na nke andiwet. Gịnị bụ ihe ijuanya, ma na opera Carl Maria von Weber nwekwara malitere ide nnọọ n'oge. Dị nnọọ mgbe abụọ fugues pụtara ya isi kere, nke na-atụle n'isiokwu n'okpuru, nakwa dị ka a nnukwu uka, Allemande, Ecossaises, kemmeochi n'ụkpụrụ iwu. Ma, ọtụtụ nwere Singspiel "Peter Schmoll na ndị agbata obi ya", kere 1801. Ọ bụ nke a na-arụ ọrụ emeela nnwapụta nke Johann Michael Haydn.

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Na 1803, e nwere a ịrịba ama na ọrụ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nchoputa nke German Ihunanya opera. Nke a afọ Weber rutere Vienna mgbe a ogologo njem gafee Germany. Ebe o zutere a nnọọ ama n'oge ahụ music nkụzi Abbé Vogler. Onye a ngwa ngwa kwuru na gaps na dị na egwú na usoro iwu ihe ọmụma nke Charles, were ha replenishment. Onye dere rụsiri ọrụ ike na e ukwuu utịp. Na 1804 o, a nwa okorobịa nke iri na asaa, were kopelmeysterom, ie isi, na Breslau Opera, ekele patronage Vogler. Omume a kara akara a ọhụrụ oge nke creativity na ndụ Weber, nke na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ oge etiti - si 1804 na 1816.

Na mmalite nke ihe ndị kasị mkpa oge nke creativity

Music Karla Marii von Weber n'oge a emume a isi mmalite. Ke ofụri ofụri, ebe ọ bụ na 1804, ọrụ niile nke onye dere gbanwere. N'oge a, ọ kwukwara aesthetic echiche na-ele ihe anya Weber na musical talent-egosipụta onwe ya n'ụzọ kasị doo anya.

Ke adianade do, Carl hụrụ a n'ezie talent dị ka onye na-ahazi na ubi nke musical nkiri. Na patrols na troupe na Prague na Breslau meghere ya na-eduzi nwere. Ma Weber bụ ezughị ịmụta na ndị oge gboo na omenala, ọ na-achọ iji tọghata niile na ziri ezi. Ya mere, ọ, dị ka a na-eduzi ya, agbanweela na opera eti egwú akụ egwú ịtụ pụrụ isi chọta. Ugbu a, ha na-grouped dị ka ụdị egwú. Nke a dere nke orchestral na-atụ anya ụkpụrụ nke ulo, nke ga-ewu ewu na nke 19 na nke 20 na narị afọ.

Ha ji mgbanwe iri na asatọ Weber gbachiteere na niile mmasị nke na-eto eto, n'agbanyeghị na ndị na-eguzogide nke egwú na-abụ abụ, ndị na-achọ iji chebe omenala, mbụk na German ekiri fim.

The isi ngwaahịa nke oge a

Na afọ 1807-1810 na-amalite musical nnyocha na edemede ọrụ nke Carl Maria von Weber. Ọ na-amalite na-ede reviews na isiokwu banyere egwuregwu na egwú ọrụ, amalite nchụàjà akpọ "Life musician" ka ihe odide ya Abstracts onwe ya dere.

Works dere n'oge dere mbụ okike oge, ka anyị hụ otú nwayọọ nwayọọ ayama n'ọdịnihu pụta ìhè àgwà nke a ọzọ tozuru okè, na oké njọ style nke na-ede akwụkwọ. N'oge a, ndị kasị ibu uru na okwu nke art nweta musical ịrịba ama ọrụ Weber, otu nke:

• Singspiel "Abu Hassan".
• "Silvana" opera.
• Abụọ symphonies na abụọ cantatas Untitled.

Ọzọkwa, n'oge na oge a, e nwere ọtụtụ overtures, songs, Arias, choruses, wdg

Dresden oge

Ná mmalite nke 1817 Carl Maria von Weber ya na-eduzi nke Dresden "Deutsche Oper". N'otu afọ ọ lụrụ Kerolayn Brandt, opera na-agụ egwú.

Site na oge, ihe ndị kasị mkpa na ndị ikpeazụ oge nke onye dere, ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1826 na ọnwụ ya. N'oge a a nnọọ ike agwa ewe eduzi na nzukọ ọrụ Weber. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-aghaghị stolknutsya isi ike ka na-eduzi ya ma na onye ndú. Innovation Karla Marii emegide egwuregwu ọdịnala na okpon akan fọrọ nke nta ọkara otu narị afọ, nakwa dị ka F. Morlakki, eduzi Italian opera ụlọ ọrụ na Dresden. N'agbanyeghị ihe a nile, Weber ike kpọkọta a ọhụrụ German opera ozu. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ike na-etinye ụfọdụ ndị magburu onwe arụmọrụ, n'agbanyeghị inadequately zụrụ mkpara.

Ma na-eche na Weber dere nyere ụzọ Weber-Kapellmeister. O jisiri ikpokọta ma ndị a ọrụ na brilliantly nagide ha. Ọ bụ n'oge a na-abịa n'ime ụwa kasị mma kere eke nke ukwu, tinyere ya kasị ama opera.

"Der Freischütz"

The akụkọ gwara na a opera, ụbọchị laghachi ndiife akụkọ banyere otú nwoke na-ere ka mkpụrụ obi ya na ekwensu maka anwansi ájá nke nyeere ya aka imeri ndị mpi-agba ụta. A ụgwọ ọrụ bụ alụmdi na nwunye na ọmarịcha nwaanyị, nke bụ na ịhụnanya na-dike. N'ihi na oge mbụ na opera ya hiwere ihe na-bụ nso na maara obi nke German. Weber ẹwụtde mfe obodo ndụ na sentimental naivety na-akparị ọchị. Bewitched oké ọhịa na-ezo n'okpuru a nwayọọ ọnụ ọchị otherworldly egwu na ndị dike si obodo ụmụ agbọghọ na bụ'abụ dinta, agwụcha dike isi na ngosi.

Nke a aru akụkọ jikọrọ ya ebube music, na ihe nile nke a na-a mirror nke ọ bụla German. N'ọrụ a Weber bụghị naanị onwe a German opera site Italian na French mmetụta, ma ọ bụ ike tọọ ntọala nke na-eduga operatic ụdị 19 na narị afọ.

The premiere wee ebe on 18 June 1821 na nwere ịrịba ịga nke ọma na-ege ntị, na Weber ghọrọ a n'ezie mba dike.

Mgbe e mesịrị, opera a ghọtara dị ka ndị kasị ukwuu e kere eke nke mba German ihunanya nkiri. Dere, nke dabeere na genre singspiel, iji a dịgasị musical forms ga ahụ mejupụta ọrụ na psychological ejije. A akwa ebe na-na-opera akowaputara musical osise nke odide na Kọmitii nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị, ndị metụtara German ndiife songs. N'ụzọ doro anya ọ na-owụt musical Okirikiri ala na egwu ji n'ihi na richness nke ìgwè ndị egwú kere Weber.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ opera na ya musical atụmatụ

"Der Freischütz" amalite na Overture, nke a na-adịkwaghị eru olu ụtọ mpi. Tupu ẹkesinamde na-adọrọ mmasị omimi ihunanya picture nke oké ọhịa, na-anụ abụ uri nke oge ochie ịchụ nta ifo. Isi akụkụ nke Overture akọwa Iguzogide iche. Agwụ entry solemnly ebube coda.

Ihe nke mbụ eme na-ewe ebe ke ndabere nke uka eji obi ụtọ Mpaghara. Anyị na-ahụ a na foto nke oru ugbo na ememe, n'ụzọ zuru okè ịmepụtagharịa ekele iwebata choral, ndiife music motifs. Melody ada dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ya n'ezie na-arụ n'obodo nta egwú na rustic mfe Now e ji mfe na naivete.

Na ezumike dị nnọọ iche aria gamekeeper Max, nke jupụtara nchegbu na mgbagwoju anya. Na nke abụọ table songs jaegers Caspar ọma nụrụ nnukwu n'afọ iri na ụma inducing a ngwa ngwa eme ihe.

The abụọ eme ekewa abụọ foto, iche na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Na akụkụ mbụ anyị na-anụ mbụ akpachapụghị Arietta Angel, nke na-eji maka shading nke ọcha na mmetụta miri emi nke enyi ya nke Agatha. The picture jupụtara nwetụ song olu ụtọ na expressive recitatives, nke enyere ịghọta na nwa agbọghọ ahụ mmetụta uche. The ikpeazụ jupụtara ọṅụ, ìhè na mgbukepụ.

Otú ọ dị, nke abụọ picture amalite dịkwuo ịrịba ama erughị ala. Na isi ọrụ e nyere ìgwè ndị egwú. Chords uda ọhụrụ, dull na gbarụọ, na-eweta oké ụjọ, na ndị ọzọ na-ezo site na-ege ntị okwukwe enhances omimi. Weber n'ọnọdu stunningly kweta musical image nke juru ebe nile ọjọọ na ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na agha.

The atọ eme na-kewara abụọ foto. First immerses onye nkiri na a nwayọọ na idyllic ikuku. Party Agatha riddled na uri melancholy ìhè, na girlfriends ukwe na-ese na-adụ-aj u, ebe uche nke mba n'obi.

Nke abụọ ije ga-emepe na a okwukwe nke dinta, Bilie ụda nke ịchụ nta mpi. Na nke a okwukwe ike nụrụ German ndiife-awụ ọsọ n'ugwu, nke e mesịrị nwetara n'ụwa nile na-ewu ewu.

Agwụ na opera eketịbede ensemble idaha na okwukwe, Bilie ọṅụ abụ olu ụtọ, a leitmotif na-agba ọsọ site dum ọrụ.

Creation nke "Oberon" na ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ndụ

Fairytale opera "Oberon" e dere na 1926, ọ dechara a usoro nke mara mma operatic ọrụ nke onye dere. Weber dere ya iji nye ya na ezinụlọ ya. Onye dere maara na n'oge na-adịghị ga-anwụ, ma ọ dịghị onye ga-abụ ihe na-elekọta ndị a hụrụ n'anya.

"Oberon" na ya udi dị nnọọ iche na-emebu style of Weber. N'ihi na a dere onye ka mgbe kwalitere mmakọ nke opera na egwuregwu art, bụ ọrụ nke ihe owuwu bụ buru nnukwute ibu. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na nke a akpan akpan opera Weber bụ ike ike-egbuke music. Site na njedebe nke ide "Oberon," onye dere ike njọ na ike iga ije, ma Carl Maria mere uche premiere. Opera a ghọtara na otu ugboro ọzọ na-akatọ na kiriri toro Weber si talent.

Dị mwute ikwu na, ndụ dere anọghị ogologo. A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe premiere ọ hụrụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Ọ mere na June 5, 1826 na London. N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, Weber na-aga ka ha laghachi n'ụlọ Germany.

Na Dresden na 1861 bụ a ncheta Weber.

First Youth Opera

"Silent Forest Girl", na mbụ isi ọrụ nke onye dere, kwesịrị pụrụ iche aha. The premiere ada itie ke 1800 ke Freiburg. N'agbanyeghị na-eto eto na inexperience nke na-ede akwụkwọ, ọ bụ a ịga nke ọma na nweela ude. Anyị nwere ike ikwu na nke a na ikpo nke a na-arụ ọrụ bụ mmalite nke onye dere ji ọrụ, Weber.

Ma opera, ọ bụghị e chefuo maka a ogologo oge, o wee na-egosi na egwuregwu omume na Prague, Vienna, St. Petersburg na obodo ndị ọzọ nọ n'ụwa.

ndị ọzọ ọrụ

Weber ekpe a ọgaranya nkà nketa, ndepụta bụ zuru ọ bụ ihe fọrọ nke agaghị ekwe omume. Ma ka anyị mara ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama nke ọrụ ya:

• 9 usoro ihe nkiri, nke gụnyere "Three Pinto", "Ryubetsal", "Silvana", "Euryanthe".
• The musical ụbọ asaa ịrịba ama ejije.
• Choral olu solo na ọrụ na-agụnye 5 pụta, ukwuu karịa 90 songs n'elu 30 ensembles cantatas 9, banyere 10 agwọ ọrịa ndiife songs.
• Piano ọrụ: Sonata 4, 5 ejije, 40 duets na egwú, 8 cycles nke mgbanwe.
• About 16 concerts maka piano, clarinet, na mpi na bassoon.
• 10 ọrụ maka ìgwè ndị egwú na 12 maka ulo ensemble.

na-akpali eziokwu

Weber dere bụ nnọọ ihe pụrụ iche àgwà na ya mara, uru na ọghọm.

Ka ihe atụ, ọ kpọrọ onye ọzọ ma ama. Karịsịa anabataghi m na Rossini. Weber mgbe niile na-agwa enyi na music nke Rossini si na-abaghị uru, ọ bụ nanị na mode nke a ga-echezọ na a afọ ole na ole.

Mberede ọjọọ mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na Weber furu efu ya mara mma olu. Ozugbo Breslau dere chere maka nri abalị onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na-abụghị na-ala n'iyi oge, ọ nọdụrụ ala na-arụ ọrụ. Weber ngwa ngwa na kpebiri emesapụrụ oyi inu mmanya. Ma n'ihi na nke mgbede ọ mistook a ite na a ọṅụṅụ si na nke nna-ya nwere na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid. Onye dere were a inu da-adịghị ndụ. Mgbe enyi ya bịara, mgbe ahụ, ya kụrụ aka na ọ dịghị onye meghere, ma windo bụ ìhè. Ọ na-akpọ maka enyemaka, jisiri aka imeghe ụzọ, na Weber ngwa ngwa ẹka ufọkibọk. Dọkịta zọpụta ndụ nke onye dere, ma ọnụ, akpịrị na akwara ụda olu e mere ọkụ na niile nke ndụ ya manyere kwuo okwu naanị na a gbaa.

Weber bụ nnọọ ụtọ nke ụmụ anụmanụ. N'ụlọ ya na anyị bi a nkịta, a cat, a dịgasị iche iche nke dị iche iche nnụnụ na ọbụna a enwe Capuchin. The kasị hụrụ n'anya Indian dere okwukwa onye nwere ike na-ekwu. "Good mgbede"

Weber iche egocentrism. Ọ bụ otú ụtọ nke onwe ya, ọbụna dere n'okpuru pseudonym nke laudatory isiokwu banyere onwe ya, site n'oge ruo n'oge e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ma nke a emeghị ka ha kwụsị. Onye dere ya bụ otú ụtọ nke, na atọ nke ya ụmụ anọ na-akpọ aha-ha: Maria Carolina, Carl Maria, Karolina Mariya.

Enweghị obi abụọ, Weber bụ a nnọọ nkà musician na andiwet bụ onye meworo ka ihe bara oké uru onyinye mmepe nke German art. Ee, nwoke a bụ na-enweghị ya flaws, na dị iche iche ihe efu, ma ọ bụla amamihe nke ha quirks.