Condenser. The ike nke ebubo capacitor

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke na-amụ ọkụ eletrik na-edozi ahụ, ajụjụ nke ya ìgwè na ichebe ọ bụ naanị 1745 Ewald Jürgen von Kleist na Pieter van Musschenbroek. Guzobere Dutch Leiden ngwaọrụ ekwe imubanye eletriki ike na-eji ya mgbe ọ dị mkpa.

Leyden ite - a prototype capacitor. Ya iji nkịtị nwere akwalite ọmụmụ nke ọkụ eletrik dị anya n'ihu ekwe omume ike a prototype nke eletrik.

Gịnị bụ a capacitor

Anakọta na electric ụgwọ na ọkụ eletrik - isi nzube nke capacitor. A, a usoro nke abụọ gwara mmanụ na-eduzi ndokwa dị ka nso ka ike ọ bụla ọzọ. The ohere n'etiti eduzi jupụtara a dielectric. Akwakọba ụgwọ na họrọ eduzi heteronymic. The onwunwe bụ abụghị ebubo adọta akwalite ukwuu ya ìgwè. The dielectric e nyere a sọrọ ọrụ: dị elu nke dielectric mgbe nile, nke ukwuu eletriki capacitance, ebubo ike imeri ihe mgbochi a na neutralized.

Electric ikike - bụ isi ahụ buru ibu e ji mara mgbe ohere imubanye a-elekọta capacitor. Eduzi efere akpọ electric ubi na-elekwasị anya capacitor therebetween.

Energy ebubo capacitor, ọ na-egosi na-adabere na ya ikike.

electric ikike

Energy nwere na-eme ka o kwe omume na-eme (a nnukwu eletriki capacitance) nke capacitor. The ike nke ebubo capacitor a na-eji etinye obere ugbu a usu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

On ihe ụkpụrụ adabere na electric ike? The usoro-amalite na odori capacitor ejikọta ya electrodes ka okporo osisi nke a ugbu a isi iyi. Imubanye na otu efere ụgwọ (uru nke nke q) na-iwere dị ka ihe-ndebe na capacitor. The electric ubi na-eche nanị n'etiti electrodes nwere a nwere ihe dị iche US Geological

Ọdụdọ capacitance (C) na-adabere na nke ukwu nke ọkụ eletrik na-lekwasị na onye na-eduzi ya na ubi voltaji: C = q / US Geological

Nke a bara uru na-tụrụ na F (farads).

The ikike nke dum Earth-apụghị tụnyere capacitance nke capacitor, onye bara uru bụ mkpokọta akwụkwọ. Akwakọba dị ike ụgwọ ga-eji na nkà.

Otú ọ dị, ịzọpụta na-akparaghị ókè ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọkụ eletrik na efere bụ ekwe omume. Mgbe voltaji enwekwu ka a kacha uru nke capacitor mmebi nwere ike ime. Efere na-neutralized, nke nwere ike ime ka mmebi nke ngwaọrụ. The ike nke a na ebubo capacitor na nke a bụ kpamkpam na ya okpomọkụ.

The ego nke ume

Kpo oku nke capacitor bụ n'ihi na ntughari nke electric ubi ume ime. The ike nke capacitor ịrụ ọrụ na ije nke ihe-ndebe-egosi ọnụnọ nke ihe zuru ezu ọkọnọ nke ọkụ eletrik. Iji chọpụta otú nnukwu ume nke a ebubo capacitor, tụlee usoro nke detente. The electric ubi voltaji U q ụgwọ buru ibu aga si otu efere ọzọ. Site definition, ịwa ubi bụ hà bụ ndị nwere ihe dị iche gafee ụgwọ buru ibu: A = qU. Nke a mmekọrita bụ nti naanị maka a mgbe nile voltaji uru, ma na-usoro maka n'ije capacitor mbadamba a jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na ọnụ ya efu. Iji zere na-emegiderịta, anyị na-ya nkezi ka U / 2.

Ọdụdọ ike si usoro nwere: q = cu.

N'ihi ya, ike nke a na ebubo capacitor nwere ike kpebisie dị ka usoro:

W = Cu ^2/2.

Anyị na-ahụ na ya ịdị ukwuu dị ukwuu dị elu nke electric ike na voltaji. Iji zaa ajụjụ banyere ihe ike nke a na ebubo capacitor, gbanwee ha umu.

ụdị capacitors

N'ihi na ike nke electric ubi lekwasị ke capacitor bụ ozugbo yiri ka ya capacitance na capacitor ọrụ na-adabere na ha bughi àgwà, iji dị iche iche nke draịva.

1. The udi nke efere: ewepụghị, cylindrical, * Tụkwasị na, wdg ...
2. Site mgbanwe capacitance: mgbe nile (ike na-agbanwebeghị), variables (modifying nkịtị Njirimara, na-agbanwe ike), Trimmers. Capacitance mgbanwe nwere ike rụrụ site na-agbanwe okpomọkụ, n'ibu ma ọ bụ eletriki voltaji. Ọdụdọ capacitance nke n'iji ya gee ntị capacitor efere agbanwe mgbanwe ebe.
3. Dị ka dielectric ụdị: gas, mmiri mmiri, siri ike dielectric.
4. Dị ka dielectric pụtara: iko, akwụkwọ, mica, metallized, seramiiki, na mkpa-fim dị iche iche ikwọ.

Dabere na ụdị ihe dị iche na ndị ọzọ na capacitors. The ike nke ebubo capacitor adabere dielectric Njirimara. Isi nke ukwu na-akpọ permittivity. Ọdụdọ capacitance bụ ihe ra nrata nye ya.

efere capacitor

Ka anyị tụlee a dị mfe ngwaọrụ-achịkọta eletriki ụgwọ - a ewepụghị condenser. Nke a bụ a na-ahụ usoro esịnede abụọ yiri efere n'etiti nke dielectric oyi akwa.

Ụdị efere nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ anọ, na okirikiri. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ na-enweta a na agbanwe ikike, efere a na-emekarị ebubo ka n'ụdị ọkara diski. Adiana nke otu electrode ikwu ọzọ na-akpata a mgbanwe nke ebe efere.

Anyị iche na ebe nke otu efere bụ S, na anya n'etiti efere iri hà d, permittivity dịanyā - ε. Electric ike nke usoro na-adabere naanị na jiometrị nke capacitor.

C = εε ₀ S / d.

The ike nke ewepụghị capacitor

Anyị na-ahụ na capacitance bụ ihe ra nrata nye ngụkọta nke ebe nke otu efere na inversely proportional na anya therebetween. The ọnụọgụ nke proportionality - electric mgbe nile ε _0. Amụba dielectric mgbe nile nke dielectric ga-amụba eletriki capacitance. Mbenata ebe nke efere na-enye a trimmer capacitors. Electric ubi ume ebubo capacitor na-adabere na ya geometrical kwa.

Anyị na-eji a ngụkọta oge usoro: W = Cu ^2/2.

Mkpebi Siri Ike ike ebubo capacitor planar udi a rụrụ dị ka usoro:

W = εε ₀ Su ² / (2D).

The ojiji nke capacitors

The ike nke capacitors nwayọọ nwayọọ na-anakọta electric ụgwọ ngwa ngwa iji na-enye ya na-eji dị iche iche ubi nke technology.

Onyinye na inductors nwere ike ịmepụta resonant na sekit na sekit, nzà nke ugbu a nzaghachi circuit.

Flashlights, stun, bụ nke ihe fọrọ ozugbo agbapụta n'ahụ ike capacitor na-eji ike a siri ike usu ugbu a. capacitor Nchaji na-ewe ebe site na mgbe nile ugbu a isi iyi. Onwe Ya-eme dị ka a capacitor mmewere, etịbede circuit. na-abụghị uzo site na oriọna na-agbapụta n'ahụ bụ obere ohmic eguzogide fọrọ nke nta ozugbo. The electroshock a mmewere bụ ahụ mmadụ.

Capacitor ma ọ bụ batrị

The ike ruo ogologo oge na-echekwara ụgwọ na-enye oké ohere iji ya mee ka a nchekwa media ma ọ bụ ume nchekwa. Na redio, nke a onwunwe na ọtụtụ-eji.

Dochie batrị, n'ụzọ dị mwute, capacitor bụghị ike, n'ihi na o nwere a atụmatụ nke-agbapụta n'ahụ. Akwakọba ume ha adịghị gafere a narị ole na ole joules. Batrị nwere ike na-echekwa nnukwu ọkọnọ nke electric ike ruo ogologo oge, na na ọ nweghị ọnwụ.