Dị ka onye ozizi nke Canada mepụtakwara basketball

N'ụzọ dị iche na ndị dị otú ahụ na-ewu ewu otu ọzụzụ dị ka football, hockey na baseball, ghọrọ usoro nwayọọ nwayọọ, basketball ẹsiode ọdịdị ya na fancy nanị nchepụta. Nke a egwuregwu a mụrụ ekele James Naismith, a mmụta mmega ahụ onye nkụzi North American. N'ezie, taa, ndị mbụ basketball iwu gbanwetụrụ na mma, o chebekwara nanị isi ụkpụrụ nke egwuregwu. Otú ọ dị, ka ọbọhọ mbụ 13 iwu, e biri ebi na abụọ typewritten peeji nke. Ọ bụ oge amụ n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-ewu ewu egwuregwu.

Aka ike winters of North America

Dzheyms Neysmit arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ozizi nke mmụta mmega ahụ na Springfield mba ọzụzụ akwụkwọ na ya ụmụ akwụkwọ n'ihi na nke ndị ogbenye ọnọdụ ihu igwe mgbe mgbe a manyere zụọ agaghị n'okporo ámá, na na mgbatị. Otu ya mkpa a oké njọ mmega ahụ, na-agbụ agbụ omume na nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ gbụrụ ngwa ngwa. Ọbụna gbanwetụrụ ọnọdụ ịtụkwasị football apụghị ịzọpụta ọnọdụ. N'afọ ahụ, bụ obodo nke Springfield (Massachusetts) kpuchie ya snow ama ke mbubreyo mgbụsị akwụkwọ. Na n'okporo ámá dajụọ egbeeluigwe na-ewesa onye ọ bụla: ndị na-enupụ isi ụmụ akwụkwọ, na ebe ndị bosses.

Izu abụọ maka mepụtara

Anyị dike, n'agbanyeghị na ya na-eto eto, na n'afọ nke abụọ nke a na-ezi ọrụ, a maara dị ka ihe innovator. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ọ na e nyere ya mepụtara nke egwuregwu, nke ga-anara ndị apụghị ịbịanyụ abịanyụ ike nke ụmụ akwụkwọ n'oge oyi ọnwa. All naanị izu abụọ e nyere banyere ihe niile.

Atọ dị mkpa

Na mbụ, 31-afọ nwa afọ nke Canada na-amụ ahụmahụ nke ndị ọzọ na otu egwuregwu, iji si ha naanị ihe ndị kasị bara uru. Na echiche nke innovator ndị football, baseball, hockey, Rugby na Lacrosse. sports bọọlụ ghara imerụ Player (ha nwere ma na-enweta ihe ọmụma), a ike mgba n'etiti rivals kwesịrị nọ na a kacha nta (kasị nnyefe ibe), nakwa dị ka a pụrụ isi chọta nke mgbanaka akwụgo na-eme egwuregwu: Ya mere atọ bụ isi a chọrọ maka ndị ọhụrụ egwuregwu a na-ewepụtara.

"Duck on a Rock"

Ọ dịghị onye nke na-ewu ewu otu nke oge narị afọ nke 19, egwuregwu na-adịghị dabara nnọọ chọrọ nke Naismith. Na mgbe ahụ nchịkwa chetara otú dị ka a na nwa ya na ụmụ nwoke na yad, ha na-ekpori ndụ ebre "ọbọgwụ on a oké nkume." The iwu ndị dị mfe: a player nwere iji na-enweta nkume n'elu nke "nkume" (ibu na nke nke nkume.) Dị ka nwatakịrị, ọdịnihu nchepụta nke basketball na-aghọta na-emeri bụ bụghị onye na-achụpụ ike, ma onye ga-ahụ zuru okè otutu ụzọ. Ọ bụ na nwa ya nwoke n'aka, n'ihi na o adịghị egosi na nnukwu anthropometric data, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ incredibly agile na ike. N'ihi ya, nwa play nke Canadian ụmụ nwoke bụ ihe ndabere maka a ọhụrụ ụdị egwuregwu.

ubi ụbọchị

December 21, 1896 Dzheyms Neysmit sụrụ mgbatị nke ụlọ akwụkwọ nke egwuregwu mmega akụrụngwa, na-etinye a osisi n'elu ikpo okwu, na-ahapụ nanị a bọl bọl. Ọ jụrụ kiateka wetara abụọ igbe kpọgidere ha na balconies. Ma kama igbe onye wetara a nkata piich n'okpuru. Ọ bụghị wepụ na ala, Naismith nwetara na "ngwá" na ala nke na mbara ihu na-abụghị n'akụkụ nke ulo. Nnọọ, a elu - 3 mita 5 sentimita - ka na basketball iwu agbanweghi agbanwe. Business maka obere: ekpe na-anakọta otu.

The nchepụta mere ka ụmụ akwụkwọ na kè ha abụọ ìgwè, ọ bụla nke na-9 ndị mmadụ. O nyere ya egwuregwu a na-agba bọl bọl, ma gosi ha na nkata, nke e kpọgidere na onye ọ bụla na njedebe nke ụlọ nzukọ. Next Naismith kwupụtara echiche: onye ọ bụla otu nwere otutu na obi ụtọ ahụ na nkata nke-emegide ya. Refirii igbu dara, na akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke mbụ bụ na ụwa, egwuregwu na nke basketball malitere.

The mbụ egwuregwu

Ọ a mara ọkwa naanị ọchịchị: onye nwere na-anọdụ ala na mbara ihu na n'ogige atụrụ ala na obi ụtọ rapaara na nkata na ikpe nke ezi otutu. Otú ọ dị, enweghị ụkpụrụ nduzi maka egwuregwu ngwa ngwa ka e nwee nsogbu. Afọ Iri na Ụma kpebiri na i nwere ike agaghịkwa ụkwụ gị ma ọ bụ a shei si iro. Naismith enweghị oge ikewapụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ha. Ịlụ ọgụ maka bọl mere akparị na-eme ihe ike, na otu onye nke na-eto eto na mbụ egwuregwu emeela "a Ekwochapụrụ ubu, mgbe ọzọ a kụrụ aka. "Ọ bụ ihe dị ka a n'okporo ámá agha ma ọ bụ ọgụ na-enweghị iwu" - dị ka mgbe e mesịrị ghọtara na otu nke onwe nchepụta nke basketball.

Naismith anya odida mgbe mbụ egwuregwu. Kere juru ya anya mgbe ụmụ gbara ya gburugburu abara ma malite arịọ na-egwu ọzọ. N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọjọọ chụpụ, ọhụrụ bọl egwuregwu amused afọ iri na ụma. Ya mere, onye nkụzi nwere ngwa ngwa ịme ụfọdụ oké agaghị emeli. Ọtụtụ ụbọchị na-nọrọ na-hụ na onye nkụzi nke anụ ahụ omenala mepụtara 13 iwu ndị e biri na peeji abụọ odeakwụkwọ. Ozi, e kpebiri akara na mgbidi nke mgbatị. N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla ọkpụkpọ e raara nye ụdọ.

The mmeghe nke na-achịkwa

The kasị mkpa na-achị bụ na ọkpụkpọ na na obi ụtọ, ike nsogbu. Nke a ọhụrụ ga-enyere izere agha na-akpata ịlụ ọgụ. Next game gosiri na Naismith nọ na-eche na ziri ezi. Player malitere ime ngwa ngwa mkpebi na nyeere ha aka na-eme ihe ngwa ngwa. Otú ọ dị fouls ihe iro-ejide bọl, ka nọgidere. Naismith hụrụ iwebata a usoro nke free na-achụpụ, ma hapụrụ nke a echiche mgbe ọ chọpụtara na ụmụ akwụkwọ ngwa ngwa nna Usoro nke na-egbu.

Ọzọkwa, nchepụta okosobode a ịma aka ọhụrụ: n'ikwado Player ọsọ ọsọ chọpụtara na eme nke ụmụ obere fouls na-akwụ dividends. N'ihi ya, ọ na-amanye ka ịme a ọchịchị nke ntaramahụhụ maka n'elu-otu fouls. Player na-machibidoro iwu na-etinye ndị na-emegide nzọụkwụ, push, iku, jide iro ma gbochie mpịakọta n'ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Ná mmalite, na egwuregwu gụnyere abụọ minit 15 agba. N'ihi ya, nnwale, mbụ ụkpụrụ nduzi maka egwuregwu nke basketball e nwetara.

Aha nke egwuregwu

Mmụọ nsọ site ụmụ akwụkwọ na-atụ aro a ọhụrụ egwuregwu a na-akpọ "Naismith-bọl." Otú ọ dị, nchepụta achọghị amanye anya ya onwe, na-atụ aro ka onye ọzọ aha esịnede abụọ okwu - «nkata bọl», nke pụtara "nkata-bọl".

Good reviews na pịa

Ọha na eze bịara mata na ọhụrụ egwuregwu ke n'akwụkwọ nke laudatory isiokwu ndị dị na-ewu ewu mbipụta The Triangle. Ebe ọ bụ na February 15, 1892 banyere basketball mụtara dum America. Mmasị ka isiokwu 13 nke iwu (mgbe onye si egwuregwu Fans n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mba chọrọ igwu egwu basketball ya mapụtara oge.) Ná mmechi, na-ede akwụkwọ nke isiokwu na-emesi ịdị ebube nke ọhụrụ egwuregwu: mmepe nke usoro echiche na mbara mmepe nke uru ahụ na-eme ka a egwuregwu bọl mma ọzụzụ .

The brainchild Naismith ngwa ngwa jidere na na ndị ọzọ na-amụrụ ụlọ ọrụ

Nkata American College-agbasakwa dị ka ajọ ọkụ ọgbụgba. Ikekwe, e nweghị ọzọ egwuregwu, nkwalite nke ga-eme ngwa ngwa. N'anya ọhụrụ ịdọ aka ná ntị e ẹmende site a girl. Na-aga site, na-eto eto na-eme egwuregwu na-yi uwe elu nwanyị na traụza. O yiri egwuregwu a bụ ihe ndị ọzọ nwanyị karịa a ike ike football.

Dị ka onye ozizi ghọrọ nchịkwa

N'ezie, Dzheyms Neysmit anọghị n'ebe basketball ọganihu. Ugbua na 1898 ọ nọ na-goro dị ka ndị mbụ nchịkwa nke University of Kansas basketball otu. N'oge ya n'umu ka nchịkwa nke basketball nchepụta o nwere na-ekiri mgbanwe nke ya 13 iwu. Mee elu mee ala ala nkata e tutu amama, na mgbe ahụ kpamkpam dochie na netting yiri mgbaaka; free na-achụpụ aghọwo akụkụ nke egwuregwu; na dribbling (dribbling) pụtara na 1901. Ná mmalite, dị ka iwu si Naismith nọmba nke egwuregwu nwere ike ịdị iche iche site 3 40. Otú ọ dị, a obere ụlọ n'okpuru-eme egwuregwu ngwa ngwa ghọtara na-egwu 5 on 5 - bụ ezigbo.